Kunaka kweVan Gogh. Ndiani munyori wemufananidzo "Kurira" - Munch kana Van Gogh? Danidzira: tsanangudzo

Mifananidzo iyo "Scream", yakasikwa inenge ichinonoka XIX - kutanga kwezana remakore rechizana, yakawana mukurumbira unoshamisa munguva yedu. Akanga achidzokodzwa neparodhi, akasika mavara uye akadzokororwa mavara. Mufananidzo kubva pamufananidzo wakashandiswa mukushambadzira, mapikicha, mavhidhiyo. Mhedziso yemasikisi kubva mufirimu inotyisa "Scream" yakafuridzirwa nemufananidzo uyu. Pane nharo pamusoro pe kutuka kwechifananidzo - kumativi ose kune zvirwere zvakawanda zvisingazivikanwi, rufu, zvisingaoneki.

Iko mufananidzo wakashongedzwa naVincent Van Gogh here? Danidzira Pakutanga kunonzi "Scream Nature".

Painter Van Gogh

Vincent Van Gogh akaberekwa musi waMarch 30, 1853 mumusha weGrot (Netherlands). Kunze kwake, pane vamwe vashanu vashanu mumhuri yemufundisi. Uye mumwe chete wavo, mukoma muduku weTheo, aikosha zvikuru muupenyu hwaVincent. Theo akanga abhadhara hama yake yose upenyu hwake hwose, ndiye oga akatenda mukugona kwake.

Van Gogh, mumitambo yemhuri, akazviidza semutungamiriri wekutumira mune kambani yezvigadzirwa uye yebhizimisi, aiva muparidzi uye mudzidzisi. Akakundikana mune izvi masango, akatendeukira kune unyanzvi.

Paaidzidza kupora, Van Gogh akanyora zvidzidzo zvevatenzi vezana remakore apfuura. Akadzidza zvinyengeri zvebasa pamuenzaniso wevanyanzvi brilliant. Panguva imwecheteyo akasika iye oga maitiro emunyori.

Kucherechedza pakuronga

Pakazosvika makore makumi matatu, Van Gogh akanga azvitsaurira zvachose kupenda. Munzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana, huri hupenyu, mifananidzo, munyori akatsvaka muvara wake uye chiedza. Aiwanzoshanda mumasikirwo - pasi pezuva rinopisa kana mumhepo inoputika. Utano hwaVan Gogh hwakawedzera kukurumidza. Akarapwa kakawanda mumakiriniki epfungwa. Muenzi wacho akanzwisisa kuti kurwiswa kunowanzoitwa uye kurongedza kunoratidza kukurumidza kuparara.

Anotanga kushanda, achiratidzira nyika yakajeka uye yakanaka ("Kukohwa", "Fishing Boats in Sainte-Marie", "La Croix Valley"). Munguva dzenguva yekusuwa uye kusurukirwa, mafungiro akasiyana zvakasiyana siyana emifananidzo ("PaGates Ekusingaperi", "Night Cafe muArles", "Walk of Prisoners") inoratidzwa. Paunotarisa izvi, zvinoita kuti unzwe kuti mune imwechete iyo mufananidzo "Scream" yakasikwa. Van Gogh Kazhinji Chimbofunga munyori weiyi nyanzvi. Izwi iri nderechokwadi here?

Kutengeswa kwake chete muhupenyu hwake ndiyo mufananidzo "Red Vineyards muArles". Kuramba kusinganzwisisiki nevanhu vepanguva, munyori anofungidzira kuzviuraya. Gumiguru 29, 1890, akazvipfura pachipfuva nebhasi. Van Gogh nguva dzose vainzwisisa kuti nguva yake yakakwana. Akashanda simba rake rekupedzisira, achizvipa kune unyanzvi. Imwe musamuziyamu muAmsterdam, yakatsaurirwa kugadzirwa kwemunhu anonyengedzera, gore negore inounganidza mapoka evanhu vanofambira uye vateveri.

Achiziva kugona kwake, akanga ari Van Gogh anofara muupenyu hwake here? Mifananidzo "Kurira" izere nekuchema nekutyisa. Asi ndiani munyori wemufananidzo uyu?

Mufananidzo "Nyeredzi Yeusiku"

Imwe yemifananidzo yakakurumbira yaVan Gogh, kuwedzera kune minda uye sunflowers, ndiyo ye "Starry Night". Ichokwadi chinozivikanwa kuti chakanyorwa muchipatara chepfungwa cheSaint-Remy. Munguva dzenguva yekuvandudza hutano, muenzi wacho akabvumidzwa kuteka.

Hama Theo vakagutsikana kuti Vincent akapiwa nzvimbo yega yega yekupenda makirasi. Van Gogh akaratidzira nzvimbo dzomunharaunda nemaruva kubva pane zvakasikwa. Asi "Starry Night" yakanyorwa kubva mumusoro. Kufambisa kweredzi kunomiririrwa nemakumbo makuru - mavhenekera anopenya anoita seanowedzera mumhepo inoshamisa kudhanha. Matavi mashoma eipropress anotambanudzirwa kudenga. Uye pasi pemhepo iyi isinganzwisisiki kugadzirisa, yakakomberedzwa nebhuruu rekudenga, inofara.

Chii Chakatorwa naVan Gogh nechisimba chake? Mufananidzo we "Scream" unoyeuka mararamiro e "Starry Night". Nzira imwecheteyo inobata uye kushungurudzika mukati ndiko kusakosha kwevanhu musimba rechisikwa. Kunzwa kwekutambudzika, kusvikirwa nekupera mwoyo kunononoka kuburikidza nehukuru hwemamiriro ekunze.

Chokwadi kana kuti kuchinja mamiriro ezvinhu?

Mumamiriro ekugadzirwa kwezvakaitika kare nevanyori vezvepfungwa, nharo dzinopfuurira kusvikira nhasi nezvekuti chokwadi Vincent Van Gogh vakaona sei chokwadi. "Danidzira" iri mufananidzo usina kujairika. Inoratidza zvakajeka kududzirwa kwekuziva kwemuenzi.

Kuvezwa kwekupedzisira kweVan Gogh ndicho chibereko chekutsvakurudza pamusoro pehutano hwehutano hwepfungwa. Masayendisiti, kure nekushanduka kweunyanzvi, anonzi mufananidzo wemuiti wezvibereko zvekuchinjwa. Vanopikisa kuti chokwadi chiri mumagetsi ake anopfuura nepakati pejeri rehurumende isina kunaka. Chimiro chisina kujairika chinoratidza hutano hwehutano hwepfungwa.

Iko maonero enyanzvi vezvakaitika kare

Vanyori vezvakaitika kare, pane zvinopesana, vanobvumirana kuti mufananidzo waVan Gogh chiratidzo cheunyanzvi. Iyo nzira yakasiyana-siyana, yakavakirwa pamakwikwi uye maonero, inotaura kuunhu mumwechete wemuenzi. Pakati pepakati pezvipenga zvekupenga uye kurongedza, Van Gogh akaratidza kunyatsorongeka kunoshamisa mune zvekugadzira zvinangwa nemabasa. Kuzvidzora kwake kunosimbisa kujekesa kwekufunga nenguva yekusika.

Chimwe chinhu chokusika nyika inofungidzira - iyi ndiyo nzira iyo Van Gogh anoona mufananidzo wake. Mifananidzo "Kudanidzira" yakazara nechirevo chinotyisa chekutambudzika. Kutinhira kunopera kumashure, kurira kwekutya kwepamberi, iyo inofanirwa kunyatsofungidzirwa yezvichaitika mune ramangwana.

Nhoroondo ine nzeve

Paul Gauguin, muenzi weFrance, akanga ari shamwari yaVan Gogh. Muna 1888 vakasarudza kupedza nguva yechando pamwe chete muArles. Kukurumidzira kwevatapi vaviri, kupesana kwavo kunopisa kwakakonzera dambudziko. Mune imwe hafu-madhimoni, Vincent, mushure mekunyadzisa naGauguin, akagura nzeve yake - seimwe yezvinyorwa zvechiito chemuenzi wacho anotaura.

Maererano nedzimwe shanduro, kubatana kwakanyanyisa doro uye kukakavadzana kunopisa pamusoro pekuvepa kunotungamirira kudiki kudanana pakati pevamwe shamwari. Zvimwe uyu Gauguin akagura nzeve yeVan Gogh? Pano pane sarudzo iyo mufananidzo wacho haana kubviswa munzeve yose, asi chete yelobe.

Pane imwe shanduro iyo Van Gogh vakatambudzwa nayo otitis media. Urombo hwakasimba, pamwe chete kunwa doro pamwe neGauguin uye kukakavadzana kwavo spodvigli Vincent nenzira yakadaro yekubvisa kutambura.

Nhoroondo yehure, nekuda kwekuti shamwari mbiri dzakakakavadzana, dzakaguma mune chiitiko chisingafadzi nenzeve. Uyu rudzi rwekuvandudza kwezviitiko zvakakundwa mumweya wevanhu vakasika. Yaiva iyi shanduko yemakakatanwa akaumba hwaro hwebhuku uye firimu pamusoro peVan Gogh.

Icho chinonyanya kushandiswa kwezvakaitika: mushure memutambo unotambudza mangwanani akatevera Vincent akaerekana avhara nzeve yake. Pakuveura ndebvu, kudengenyeka kwesimba kwakakonzera kukanganisa kusina kusimba, kwakazova kadhi rekudhiridzira kwevanyori.

Pane kuwirirana pakati pechiitiko ichi uye mufananidzo wevheji "Scream"? Iko protagonist yemufananidzo, kubata nzeve dzake, zvinonyadzisa kunetseka. Ichi chimiro chaVan Gogh's "Kurira" hachibviri nokuda kwechikonzero chakajeka kuti haasi iye munyori waro.

Chinhu chinoshamisa

Mufananidzo we "Kurira" wakanyorwa pakati pe1893 na1910. Kuvhenekera kunopenya kwedenga, kuora mwoyo kunotyisa mumaziso emunhu mukuru, izvo zvisingaitiki zvezvinhu zvose zviri kuitika - munyori akanga ari munharaunda yekuzara kwepfungwa mupfungwa. Tingafungidzira here kuti mufananidzo "Scream" - Van Gogh?

Zvimwe zvikamu zveizvi zvisingazivikanwi zvinowanikwa. Apo munhu "anotaura" nemufananidzo, pakarepo ane matambudziko. Vamwe vanhu vakafa hama, mumwe munhu akapenga kana kuti akawira murefu kwenguva refu.

Kazhinji kacho, avo vakaurayiwa mufananidzo vaiva vashandi veku museum. Vainyanya kukosha vaifanira kutarisana nechombo. Pane nhau inosuruvarisa pamusoro pemushandi uyo akangoerekana aputsa mufananidzo. Kutanga kurwadziwa kwakasimba mumusoro kwakaita kuti vanhu vasina kufara kuzviuraya. Mumwe mushandi wemu museum akabata mufananidzo wehutsvene hwekuedza. Mumanheru iye akapisa ari mupenyu mumba make. Ichokwadi sei nyaya idzi? Izvi hazvizivikanwi. Asi simba rakaipa remufananidzo rinonzwika kunyange pakubereka.

Tichipiwa kudhakwa uye chirwere chepfungwa, tinogona kufunga kuti mufananidzo "Scream" - Van Gogh. Mufananidzo wechando unounza kumutarisiri wekushungurudzika. Asi munyori wezvokwadi ndeye mumwe muenzi.

Tsanangudzo yemufananidzo "Scream"

Iyo chando inoratidza nzvimbo chaiye. Ari muguta reOslo, pedyo nekliniki kune vanorwara mupfungwa. Mariri, hanzvadzi yemunyori wemufananidzo yairapwa nokuda kwehutano.

Chimiro chekudanidzira pamakona chinokonzera kushamwaridzana kwakasiyana. Inofananidzwa nemasaga, mummai kana mucheche. Iyo protagonist yemufananidzo inodanidzira kubva pakuora mwoyo kwakamubaya. Nhamo uye kutya zvinobhururuka kubva kumigwagwa yeavy yemamiriro enyika. Ivo, sokunge vari mumhepo, vanonyorera pamutsara wepamusoro, vachiita kuti vasvike nekuchema kwegamba. Izvo zvematongerwe enyika zvakasvibiswa Mufananidzo "Danidzira". Van Gogh (tsanangudzo, Manzwiro, mararamiro akazara eunyanzvi) Kwete pasina chikonzero vanofunga munyori weiyo. Sezviri pachena, mafungiro ake akanga akafanana neaya ayo mufananidzo wake Edward Munch akanyora.

Ndiani akanyora Scream?

Edward Munch - mufananidzo weNorway, mutevedzeri wemitambo, mifananidzo yemifananidzo, unyanzvi wehutori ndiye munyori we "Scream". Zvinogoneka kuti chimiro chetsika yechando chinofuridzirwa nebasa romudhidha wechiDutch. Kudengenyeka kwepasi rose kwakange kwakafanana kana kwakagadzirwa naVan Gogh. Danidzira Iri mu National Gallery uye Munch Museum (Oslo, Norway).

Edward Munch akagadzira zvimwe zvakasiyana-siyana zvehutano mukuda kubvisa kusuruvara kwake kunorwadza. Bhiriji iri pamusoro pechidzitiro, mifananidzo miviri iri kumashure - chokwadi cheicho chete chetsitsi umo hutsika huru inowedzerwa. Kuregererwa kwemashamba aya kunomiririra kusurukirwa kwakakwana kwevanhu vasati vatya nekutambudzika.

Munyori wacho akaita seanoona matambudziko emangwana evezana remakore rechi20 - zvigadziriswa, hondo dzenyika, maitiro ezvakaitika mumhepo.