Chii chinonzi carol? Folk Carols

Pamusoro pekutsvaga kweSoviet nzvimbo mukutaura kwezuva nezuva uye vhidhiyo, munhu anowanzowanzwa mazwi "Russian carols" uye "magwaro emoto", kushandiswa kwaro kunopedzerwa kune mamwe mazuva ezuva.

Saka chii chine Krisimasi carol? Inowanzoitwa sei muRussia yemazuva ano? Ndezvipi zvinyorwa zvakanyora zvikwereti muRussia?

Kolyadovalnye mhemberero mumutauro weRussia uye chiKukraine

Zvinyorwa izvi pakutanga zvaive zvidzidzo zvemitambo zvakatsaurirwa kune Zuva, zvakaitwa mukugadziriswa kwemitambo kumisha yavo. Kubva kwavo kwakarasika mumakore. Nenzira yavo maitiro emitambo yakasiyana-siyana inoonekwa kunge yakakonzerwa netsika dzechiUukraine netsika uye zviratidzo zvinosanganiswa neruva rechando-zuva-rimwe remitatu yakakura yegore negore, pamwe chete nechitsiko chakafanana uye solstice yechando ichipembererwa nemadzitateguru emazuva ano eUkraine.

Zvimwe zvinhu zvinowanikwa pamitambo

Chaizvoizvo, kuchinja munguva yekutamba, kuzara uye pfungwa dzemhanzi yeColol yakatanga kuitika pasi pesimba guru reChechi yeOrthodox. Akatsvaga kuparadza gorosi - yechihedheni - chikamu chemitambo. Nokudaro, nokufamba kwenguva, kuroyadhi yakarongwa semutambo wekodzero kweimwe nguva nguva yakaparadzaniswa kuva matavi akawanda ehupological panguva yekupemberera (Krisimasi, Epiphany, Gore Idzva), vanhu (vanamwari, vafundisi) uye vanhu vemuvaraidzo-kusarudzwa kwekolori-rwiyo. Saka, inogona kuve nziyo dzokuonga uye rwiyo rwechechi, mukukudza Kristu.

Pamusana pekumanikidzwa kwakanyanya kweChechi yeOrthodox pane tsika dzechiRussia, tsika dzevanhu dzakapotsa dzakanyangarika kubva kuchitsigiro chemuitiro wegore negore. Zvisinei, kusvikira panguva ino, imwe chikamu chekudzivirira chauya. Vakasimudzawo nheyo-rwiyo-carols nemagwaro asinganzwisisiki.

Musoro wei nziyo-carols kubva kune mamwe mapoka evanhu veRussia

Sezvatotaurwa pamusoro apa, mashoko e carol aive akakomborerwa nemwene weimba nematombo, fecundity yemombe. Iyi tsika yakagadzirirwa kugadziriswa pfuma yekukohwa uye pfuma muzvinhu zvezvinhu. Zvisinei, nziyo-carols dzakakamurwa kuva mhando dzakasiyana, iyo yenyaya ine mavara emastic akasiyana.

Mune maori, iyo hurukuro yezvehupfumi yechido ichi inonyatsoratidzika, inotsigirwa nemitemo inotarisirwa. Muzvigadzirwa zvekare, Krisimasi dzinotakura zvinyorwa zvezvinodikanwa, asi chinangwa chikuru ndechokuti muridzi wepell in the luck. Nokuti mazambiringa anozivikanwa nezuva nezuva nerudo rwemashoko, kazhinji achizarura musoro wekutambudzika kwemuwani uye mukwati uye nekugadzirira mutereri nenzira yeutano mumhuri.

Ovens seimwe yemitambo yekuRussia yekubika

Saka, vanhu vokuRussia vane mhando dzakasiyana dzekudzivirira dzimba, dzakabatana, asi dziripo munzvimbo dzakasiyana dzeRussia. Munharaunda yeVolga, mamwe mapakati uye nechekumaodzanyemba ekumaodzanyemba (Tambov, Ryazan, Nizhny Novgorod, Moscow, Voronezh, Tula), mafirimusi eKrisimasi anoitwa paOvseni - panguva yeNew Year Year kana muNyika Idzva pachayo, uye kushandiswa kwekutora kunozivikanwa, pamwe chete, nenyuchi. Zvinyorwa zvehuti hazvisi zvakasiyana nemagwaro emamwe marudzi emaroto, asi ane "Avsene, avsen!" Kana kuti "O, oatsen!". Hurukuro dzorudzi urwu dzinogona kuratidzwa nemuenzaniso:

Bhiriji racho rakagadzirwa,
Akafukidzwa nejira,
Misumari yakaurawa.
Ai, Avsen, ah, Avsene!
Ndiani, ndianiko aifanira kuenda
Pamusoro pebhiriji iyo?
Iko kuenda kuAvsene.
Ai, Avsen, ah, Avsene!

Nokudaro, kumubvunzo weKrisimasi carol mushure mekuzvizviziva nekuita chiito ichi munharaunda yeColga region, pakati nepakati pekumaodzanyemba kwekuRussia, munhu anogona kugadzira mhinduro inoratidza kurumbidzwa-kuchengetedza mamiriro echiito ichi sechiitiko chekunyatsorongeka kwevanhu uye imba yavo yehombe , Asi zvichienderana nehukama hwavo kune vamwe vanhu vomunharaunda.

Shchedrovki - Mythological Kolyadolnye Songs

Pedyo nehupenyu hwehupenyu nehutungamiri hwevatori vechikamu kumaodzanyemba kweRussia munharaunda vane rupo, vane makorasi "Anopa masa / akanaka manheru!".

Kugoverwa kwezvirongwa zvakakosha zvebounty, nekuda kwechiverengero chikuru chekuregererwa kwemazuva ekupedzisira, kwakaoma kwazvo, zvinongozivikanwa chete kuti vaine zvidzidzo zvechitendero-zvisinganzwisisiki nekuwedzerwa kwemavara evanhu vakawanda pamusoro pehupenyu hwevatsvene. Nekubatsira kwekubatana uku, zvakarongwa kusimbisa chikamu chemashiripiti chemashoko akakura:

Schedrovochka kupa,
Pasi pehwindo rakarara.
Chi ram, chi chi,
Shumira blanca,
Usamira, usaputsa,
Uye nokuda kwezvose kupa.
Chipo chine manheru, o, manheru akanaka.

Mashoko mashomanana pamusoro pemakori emazambiringa

Vanhu vokuchamhembe veRussia vane zviito zvemuitiro, uyewo nguva yeKisimusi neNyika Idzva, asi kuva nechekare "Munda wemizambiringa, tsvuku-ruvara!". Mazambiringa akanga ari chiratidzo cheupfumi uye rudo rwevaSlav, naizvozvo nziyo idzi dzakaimbwa mumisha yevanhu vasina kuroora uye vasati varoora. Kana mune minyorwa ye oats uye yekushambidzira nyaya ine nziyo uye majee akange ari evangelical uye zvinyorwa zvinyorwa, mazambiringa anomiririra zvinyorwa zvemashoko, zvinyorwa zvayo zvevasikana nevakomana zvakasiyana. Mumwe anogona kupa muenzaniso wezvinyorwa zvakadai:

Takafamba uye takafamba
By Holy Russia.

Taive kuseka uye kuseka
Chivanze chaIshe.

Mudzidzisi yadhi
Pamavhu gumi nembiri,

Uye mwedzi waiva
Ivanushka,

Iwe ucharoora
Tichashamisika.

Chirongwa chechirama chemashoko eKrisimasi carol uye zviitiko zvekushandisa kwavo

Chii chinonzi carol kubva pakuona kwechirevo chechimiro uye chirongwa chechirongwa? Maitiro emitambo evanhu akauya kwatiri anowanzobatanidzwa mundima gumi-syllable, yakakamurwa kuva maviri-syllable hemistichs. ChiRussia uye chiKukraine generic kazhinji inowanikwa ndima yechisere-syllable ine hemistich ina-syllable. Zvinoratidzika sezviri pachena kuti, zvakanyatsoenderana nemamwe mazuva - Krisimasi, Idzva Idzva, Easter, yakavharirwa pakutanga kwezororo dzechihedheni, pasi pekumanikidzwa kweChechi yeOrthodox, tsika dzepasipo dzakapinda nguva imwechete uye dzakabatanidzwa mukusanganiswa kwemashoko avo uye mafungiro. Mukuda kweiyi pfungwa zvakare inotaura chokwadi chekuita kune dzimwe nzvimbo mazambiringa maPasika.

Basa revanhu vanoita mumitambo yemitambo

Chii chinonzi carol kunze kwekuda kwekuzvidira kwevatendi vanoisa mutsetse wemutambo wemamiriro ekudarika kwepakati? Ndeipi iyo yakashanyira dzimba dzevanhu vomunharaunda uye vavakidzani? Kutakura zvinyorwa zvemotokari, mupurisa kazhinji aifamba nedzimba dzemumusha kubva kumadokero kusvika kumabvazuva - kutamba imba yeumwe munhu kwakaipa uye kunyadziswa kukuru. Mumitambo yemitambo, vanhu kazhinji vaitamba mapoka matatu emifananidzo - isina kuchena kana imwe yenyika simba, mhuka kana vanhu vemamwe marudzi. Muchikamu chekutsvaga kune mazano ehukama hwehukama nevanhu vemamwe marudzi, zviratidzo zvezvisikwa zvipenyu zvakapoteredza uye kutya kweimwe simba rakasarudzwa paSvyatok nemukuru waKristu. Nokudaro, vaSlav vaiva netsika yakafanana yekudyidzana kwevanhu vanoita mushure mushure mekuita tsika, kana kuvamanikidza kuti vashambire mugomba rechando kuitira kuti vazvinatse pachavo kusvibiswa kwakawanikwa panguva yekuita mafirimu. Vana kazhinji vaisakwanisa kuenda, asi vaifamba kumisha.

Zvipfeko uye maitiro evanhu vari mumumera

Costumes yazhenyh, yakagadzirirwa kuratidzira mhuka nemweya yakaipa, kazhinji inomiririra majasi emakwai, akabuda kunze. Zvimwe zvinowedzera zvikamu zvemuviri nemafungiro, kusimbisa kufanana - tsvimbo nematavi emakwenzi emhiri, birchbark masks uye nyanga dzehuni, miswe-dzinoputika kune dzimwe nyika nezvimwe zvakadaro. Apo pakuratidza vatengesi vana vakapfuma mumadzimai 'nevarume vembatya, vakomana nevanasikana vaibatanidza, vachiratidzira magypsies kana arap - vakanyima zviso zvavo nesoso. Nokuda kwekutyisidzira kukuru, va carolingian vakamira pazvikwata uye vakaratidza hump shure kwavo.

Kolyadovalnaya kicheni

Munguva yeKrisimasi, ndiro dzakasarudzika dzakagadzirirwa, dzakawanda dzadzo dzakagadzirwa nezvinhu. Semuenzaniso, ndiro dzakadaro mapolori (mawiti) - maduku mashoma emugoverwa we rye uye gorosi yegorosi 5 ne 5 masentimita, azere nenyama yakakanganiswa, jam kana zvimwe zvinhu.

Modern Modern Bypass Rites

Chii chine krisimasi yeKrisimasi mumazuva ano eRussia chaiye? Iripo nhasi here? Mazuva ano maRussia mapurisa, kusiyana nemaRussia ekare uye chiKukraine, ayo, akafanana nemazana emakore akapfuura, akabatwa kubva pakuvira kwezuva kusvika pakubuda kwezuva, tanga sevamwe mangwanani mangwanani. Kana izvi zvisati zvaitika izvi zvaive zvemashiripiti, uye nekuuya kwevanhu, mumhanzi madiki mavaraidza akabatwa, zvino muvhesi yemazuva ano zvinorehwa netsika yepoterera zvakaderedzwa kusvika kumutambo wemitambo, iyo iyo, sezvo mifananidzo yeKrisimasi inourawa, maKristu uye mumumeri vanogamuchira kubva kune vene veimba imwe yemhando ye yummy - Pies, sweets uye zvimwe zvese.

Mumitambo yemazuva ano, mapolisi anoitwa, mashoko ayo anogona kukanganiswa zvakakwana nekushandura nhetembo yechokwadi mumutauro wemazuva ano, kana kuti yakanyatsorongedzwa. Nziyo dzakadaro dzinogona kuwanikwa nyore nyore. Iwe unogona sei kuziva yepakutanga, maKrisimasi chaiwo echokwadi? Mutsara weimwe yei ingangodaro yakachengetwa muchiyeuchidzo chekurukuru kana vanasekuru. Zvakakodzera kukoudza pamusoro pemitambo yakadaro. Kazhinji vanogona kutaura zvinhu zvakawanda zvinofadza. Nziyo-carols, iyo iyo munhu wese aiziva kare - kubvira kumuduku kusvika kumukuru, nhasi unogona kuteerera kukodha. Zvimwe zvacho zvakanyorwa mumamiriro ezvinhu chaiwo e "munda", zvimwe zvikwangwani zvinogadzirwa. Muenzaniso wekufananidza kwakadaro ndeyinyorwa inotevera ye carol muRussia:

Manheru akanaka kuvanhu vane mutsa!
Rega hofari inofadza ive!
Mufaro Krisimasi, kufara!
Tinokuda iwe mufaro uye mufaro!
Chipo chine manheru, manheru akanaka!
Vanhu vakanaka kune utano!

Mushure memazwi aya, zvinogoneka kuti kana kupfuurira zvishuwo zveimba kana kuverenga zvinotevera zvinyorwa. Chero zvazvingava, kufarirwa kwakarongeka kwakadaro, kuwedzerwa nemafungiro akakodzera ezororo, kuchaita kuti irege kukanganwika kune iyo inzvimbo yepamusoro uye inofadza neyokutanga muchisarudzo chemuvara wenyika.