Kudzivirirwa wepamutemo subsoil. Mazano uye zvinhu

Nedra vanomiririra goko inotungamirwa iri pazasi zvakaturikidzaniswa ivhu, uye aro kusavapo - pasi pemvura, nechepasi madziva uye hova. Vanoedza kuita pakadzika kuti anowanika chidzidzo uye kukura. Funga zvakare, sezvo zvinofanira kuitwa zviine musoro kushandisa uye kudzivirira chicherwa mari.

tsananguro

Nedra, iri mukati kumuganhu Russian Federation, kusanganisira pachivande nzvimbo uye nechipo nayo zviwanikwa, simba uye zvimwe zvinhu ndezvaMwari Russian uridzi. Nzvimbo idzi ingasava nhau sale, chikwereti, nhaka, chipo kana zvimwe kwema vazviparadzanisa kwavo. Nedra anogona chete kushandiswa kuyambuka kubva kune mamwe mapato zvokuti inopiwa mitemo yeUnited.

The chinzvimbo chinokosha zvinhu

Zvinonzi zvinoberekwa zvimwe zvikamu subsoil, ine, kusanganisira, Zvisaririra deposits. Special chinzvimbo rusununguko zvivako nokuda inosimbiswa urongwa wehurumende anoda chishoma uye inokosha mbishi zvokuvakisa, kuvapo rine kukanganisa kuchengeteka munyika, timeliness maitiro kuitwa pasi zvibvumirano dzakawanda, zvinobatsira kudzivirira Russian changamire. Vanosarudzwa kushandiswa uye kudzivirirwa zviwanikwa zviri nokudzorwa Federal Mutemo № 2395-1.

Zvinoumba kwomudzimu

Kudzivirirwa mitemo, kushandiswa chicherwa zvinhu zvinopa rimwe maonero wekuongorora pamusoro zvakakodzera zvikamu. Sezvazvakanyorwa inomira operative. Kushandiswa chicherwa zvinhu anogona kuitwa mukati chaiyo nguva kana nokusingaperi akabudiswa. Kukarukureta kuti nguva kushanda kunotangira kubva nguva mamiriro kunyoresa marezinesi kuti ishande. Minimum mashandisirwo nguva - 1 gore. Items inogona akapa nokusingagumi pakuvaka uye kushanda zvivako uye zvivako pevhu, asiri migodhi chokuita kuvakwa uye nokushanda Storages, kwetsvina, uyewo kusikwa zvinokosha Geological nzvimbo uye zvimwe zvinangwa. Nokuti kusvika 1 year akatamisa nyika mugodhi. Geological zvinhu kudzidza anogona ipiwe Kwenguva yemakore anosvika mashanu. Nokufamba dzebhizimisi, ubanguranyika uye kuchengetedza chicherwa nepfuma pamutemo. Facilities nokuti dzokubudisa mvura pevhu zvinogona kune nyaya kwemakore anosvika 25. Nokuti kugadzirwa Zvisaririra nzvimbo anopiwa kuti nguva kuvandudzika dhipoziti. Zvinonzi computed maererano feasibility kudzidza, izvo zvinosimbisa ubanguranyika zvakakodzera uye kuchengetedza chicherwa pfuma, uyewo nokushanda maererano yakasimbiswa mitemo.

of rezinesi

Kodzero yokushandisa subsoil inopiwa kune wekuongorora pachishandiswa zvasarudzwa mitumbi mvumo pamusoro mamiriro simba rakakodzera chechetere zvichienderana nechinangwa udzvanyiriri. Sezvo gwaro certifying ari Kutamiswa nomutemo zvichibvira, anoshanda rezinesi. Chinoratidza mashandisirwo rworudyi mugove mukati zvimwe, maererano chinangwa ichi, nokuti chaiyo nguva apo muridzi ezvinhu akarongwa pachine. The rezinesi anogona ipiwe mumwe kana kupfuura mabasa. Licensure zvinoitwa ne tendero Nokubvumira basa muviri kana muridzi wenyika uri kushaya kuti chikamu ndima. The yavaive wokuronga kwokupedzisira miganhu, kunyoresa kodzero wekuongorora kuti ubvume munzira nezvaro mumutemo. Muchiitiko ichi inofanira kutanga mvumo basa anoita kuti kuitwa.

kudzivirira subsoil Legal

The mitemo zvinoisa anoverengeka zvinodiwa kuti nyaya. Pakati pavo:

1. Kutadzisa kunze komutemo mudzimu zvivako. Munhu anofarira pakushandisa chicherwa pfuma, vanofanira kuita zvinoenderana kwemamwe maitirwo ezvinhu uye kuwana rezinesi.
2. Kuona kukwana yechidzidzo, misoro kushanda uye kudzivirira zvivako.
3. Achiita mazhinji Geological kudzidza. Zvakakosha kuwana yakavimbika wemari kupima zvinhu, nyika ehupfumi, akapa nyaya kuti zvinangwa asina chokuita kukura deposits.
4. Kuuraya wehurumende bvunzo uye Inventory.
5. Nechokwadi kunonyanyisa dzokubudisa yakakwana dzinokosha zviwanikwa uye kuyeuka zvinoriumba.
6. Gara yakavimbika Zvidavirire pamusoro anogadzirwa uye kuti kuramba pfuma kukura deposits.
7. Environmental kudzivirirwa uye subsoil kusvibiswa, mafashamo, moto uye zvimwe zvinhu kuti kuderedza zvebhizimisi kukosha nyika kana zvinhu unhu uyewo complicating zvavo.
8. Zvaidiwa nzira yose liquidation uye kuchengetedza akaitwa vaita mugodhi uye pachivande zvivako, nokushanda usina chokuita basa iri.
9. Kutadzisa kunze komutemo kuvakwa zvicherwa zvekufuga nzvimbo, zvaidiwa nemitemo kushandiswa munzvimbo idzi kuti zvimwe zvinangwa.
10. Kudzivirira kuunganidza mhuri uye nemaindasitiri ari catchment munzvimbo uye panowanikwa pasi mvura aiendeswa kunwa kugadzirwa mvura kana yaivakwanira.

Nokuti kutyora mitemo yokudzivirira uye kushandisa subsoil chiito nekanzuru nyaya rezinesi anogona umbomiswa, yakarambidza kana zvachose akamira. Zvirango kushandisirwa vaishungurudza mvumo masangano munzira nezvaro mumutemo.

Anotonga kudzivirira chicherwa zvinhu

Vakanga kunotenderwa Resolution Gosgortechnadzor nhamba 71 kubva 06.06.2003, yakapoteredza subsoil kuchengetedzwa kwezvakatipoteredza Ibasa masangano (pasinei dzavo repamutemo chimiro uye mhando pfuma) uye IP, zvinoriumba uye zvinenge zvirongwa chokuita uye kwete chokuita dzokubudisa uye kubudiswa zvicherwa, achiita Geological uye kuongorora basa iri Russian Federation, mumamiriro aro Continental pasherefu uye nepagungwa ezvoupfumi munyika dzine munyika. Zvinyorwa zvose zvinofanira kuenderana mitumbi wehurumende anotarisira. Construction uye mashandiro zvivako, ari Implementation pakati zviyero kupora uye chikuru kubudiswa zvicherwa, kuongorora uye Geological mabasa pamwe shure kana pasina pakuvaka mvumo muna ushandiswe nomutowo, hakubvumidzwi.

chizvidavirire matsime

Zvinonzi kuitwa nomumwe sangano kuita mabasa maererano rezinesi. The mari zvinosanganisira matsime akachera:

1. Kudziongorora.
2. Zvomumagaba.
3. Liquidation.
4. Jekiseni.
5. Mining.
6. Special.
7. Control.

Industrial Fund kunobvumirwa zvakanaka kunorondedzerwa kumusoro, kunze namambo mumwe chete dzakaparara uye conserved. Zvinonzi akakamurwa:

1. Huripo zvinhu. Izvi zvinosanganisira matsime aiva pasi jekiseni (kupa zvigadzirwa) mumazuva okupedzisira romwedzi nhau nguva zvisinei mazuva kushanda kwavo.
2. Basa zvinhu. Chikamu ichi mari ndiwo tsime iro zvigadzirwa regai kubvisa mwedzi rokupedzisira chizvidavirire nguva.
3. Zvinhu kudzidza. Izvi zvinosanganisira tsime pashure kuchera, kupera uye havasi pasi jekiseni (usarega chigadzirwa).

normative murayiridzo

Mune Implementation zviri pamutemo basa nyaya anofanira akapa kwete chete kudzivirira zvinhu (subsoil), asi kudzivirira utano hwevanhu uye upenyu, pfuma vagari nemasangano. Kana oparesheni rinoitwa enderana richiona nzvimbo rwokuzvarwa dzinogarisana ezvinhu, uyewo Implementation kuti matanho. Kana zviyero envisaged mubasa racho, zvakakwana kuti subsoil kudzivirira akanga inopiwa zvakazara, ari mapepa kuchinja zvinoitwa. Territory, ayo yatyorwa somugumisiro pamusoro Implementation pakuchera kwacho, vari mumamiriro ezvinhu akakodzera kuti zvishandiswezve. Paaiita mabasa kukanganisa ivhu pakavha, chacho chinobviswa, kuchengetwa uye zvifambiswe pamusoro chero rekultiviruemyh isingabereki nyika. Kudzivirirwa chicherwa zvinhu kunosanganisira zvinhu kudzivirira kana kudzivirira kukura mhepo uye mvura kukurwa kwevhu, waterlogging, salinization kana zvako. nokurasikirwa ivhu yepamusoro zvivako. Kana basa rine chokuita kusarudzwa pasi uye mvura munzvimbo yokutanga kupa imba uye kunwa zvinodiwa nevanhu, kudzivirirwa kubva kusvibiswa uye kuparadzwa, kudzivirira vanhu inokanganisa zvavo mugodhi kushandiswa. Regai isa kuchengetera tsvina dombo nenzvimbo dzokurasira uye mukati yawo. Nokuti kutyora mitemo kudzivirira chicherwa pfuma nemhosva achava nemhosva maererano nomutemo.

Geological neHurumende

Chinosanganisira pokudzora:

1. Zvaidiwa zvinodiwa Federal Law nhamba 2395-1, izvo hunodzorwa nemitemo kushanda uye kudzivirira chicherwa zvinhu, zvinodiwa vanotenderwa nezvimwe zviito zvemitemo, migumisiro iri fanira kuti masangano ose kushanda muzvinhu dzinounzwa kwavari.
2. Kuchengeta maitirwo kuti achibudisa marezinesi.
3. Kuzadzika mamiriro ezvinhu raanotaura achinditendera.
4. Kuitisa chekuita Geological ubanguranyika kudzvinyirirwa munzvimbo nzira uye unyanzvi kudzivisa kurasikirwa zvisingakoshi zvoupfumi nemashoko, zvinhu uye unhu mbishi zvinhu kuderera.
5. Zvaidiwa mvumo ezvinhu ari mhando basa chokuita ubanguranyika marezinesi.
6. State migodhi uye matsime, zvekushandisa, Geological mapepa, moyo, dombo ivhu uye ores, nouya ivhu, iyo inogona kushandiswa wakatevera kudzidza nzvimbo, migodhi, uyewo kuita mabasa asina kufanana mugodhi.
7. Correct uye nenguva hurumende kunyoresa mabasa ari kudzidza nzvimbo, kufungisisa uwandu, kusanganisira projected.
8. Implementation zviyero, zvinosanganisira kuchengetedza chicherwa pfuma tsika uye kwesayenzi ukoshi zvikurukuru, pasi zvinhu pamusoro zviri Geological reserves rutsigiro uye chikamu stratigraphic nomunhu dzinongoitika pazvivako, nemamwe zvivako zviri Zvisaririra kasvisto uye miti nemhuka zvakazonaka.
9. Kuvapo zvinodiwa kuti metrological ongororo pamusoro geophysical, rabhoritari, hydrogeological nekuyera maturusi uye zvaidiwa mirau iyi.
10. Zvaidiwa nemitemo muunganidzwa uye kubudiswa ekisipoti vazvo pamusoro paleontological, mineralogical nezvimwe Geological muunganidzwa zvinhu.
11. Kukodzera uye zvinodiwa kuti Geological uye zvoupfumi kunyatsoongorora chicherwa madziva. Inotongwa, pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, kuzara kudzidza hydrogeological, migodhi engineering, Geological uye nezvimwe zvinhu pakuchera, kuvakwa uye nokushanda pevhu zvivako asina chokuita mugodhi.
12. Anosangana zvinodiwa vaishandisa michina uye nzira, unhu abvume, inoshandiswa pakutsigira, inoshanda uye nzwisisika prospecting, ubanguranyika nezvimwe basa Geological kudzidza subsoil.
13. Kubviswa hurongwa isingachinji matsime uye migodhi, havasi pasi udzvanyiriri.
14. Zvaidiwa mitemo uye pasi ezvinhu nokushandisa mashoko chicherwa pfuma, iyo yakawanikwa tichiregeredza yeUnited bhajeti.

Nzvimbo Continental pasherefu

Used uye unexploited nzvimbo munzvimbo yacho ndezvaJehovha hurumende pavane chicherwa pfuma yamarudzi Russian Federation. Nhaka, Kuraswa kwavari, kuhuchengetedza pamusoro mabasa anoitwa anorenda kubudikidza kumatunhu uye Russian Federation. Features kushanda uye nzvimbo yacho Continental pasherefu akapa Mutemo. The nzvimbo anobvumirwa kupa masangano uye vanhu, kusanganisira vokune dzimwe nyika, neshamwari yokupira masangano hwakagadzwa pachishandiswa chibvumirano pamusoro kwemajoini basa uye vasina mamiriro repamutemo kuita sezvo bato kuti firimu kugovana chibvumirano yapihwa. Mukupera nyaya, chimwezve ezvinhu ndiwo pakagadzwa kwemajoini uye vakawanda kuita kuti vatori vechikamu nokubatira kunobva kondirakiti. Plots dzinoturwa se geometrized zvinogumbura. parameters dzavo vari raanotaura rezinesi kuti tiite romunharaunda Geological kudzidza Continental pasherefu, ubanguranyika, kutsvaka, kukura chicherwa mari. The chisarudzo, pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, ndiye mugungwa rine Coordonatele miganhu uye yakadzika. Kudzivirira mumhuri bhizimisi uye simba norunyararo Russian Federation anobvumirwa kumanikidza rairambidzwa yavaive wokuronga pamusoro Continental pasherefu kune dzimwe vanhu. Domestic manhamba nesayenzi vari ano nhaurirano pamusoro tsanangudzo uye kururamiswa rokunze Continental pasherufu miganhu. Zvinoenderana Convention pamusoro 1978, vanoverengeka zvinhu zvinogona kuwedzerwa mhiri-maira 200 upfumi mapazi weRussia.

inorambidza

It haabvumirwi kusanganisira ari kuchengeterwa rezinesi, hunhu hwemunhu uye dzimwe nzvimbo kudzivirirwa pamusoro Continental pasherefu, kukosha kuti kuchengetedza, kubereka uye yokutama mhuka. Operation zvikamu zvinofanira kuitwa chete nevaya nyaya vanenge vapiwa mvumo. Wairambidza basa kodzero kune dzimwe vanhu.

mhedziso

RF Hurumende yaidzorwa uye kudzorwa kuchera dziri pasherefu, kuitwa chero murayiro. Yoga yaidzorwa zvaidiwa kuripisa mapaipi uye netambo maererano dzakawanda nemitemo. Implementation of mitemo iri kuchengetedza mari kunotodiwa. Sezvataurwa pamusoro apa, mutemo anogovera kuita kuti asiri abvume. Kunyanya, mhosva nazvo nechirango raitongwa (munyaya 8.7-8.11 Cao), uye mhosva pfuma (pasi Art. 216 uye 255 CC) zvirango. Yakanyanya kuoma mirango inopiwa nokuti kana kukuvara soro-ukoshi nzvimbo uye zvipenyu madziri.