Social budiriro nemagariro mberi vanhu. Nzira dzekuziva nadzo evanhu mberi

Social kukura uye munzanga mberi - runotikurudzira dingindira kudzidza mumagariro nesayenzi. Vachinje achivharwa anongoda yose ano nyika. Kutaura zvazviri, kusimba zvemagariro iri kuwedzera: mune chimwe chizvarwa uye chiwondomoke zvimwe zvipenyu sangano, akaberekwa mumwe. Izvi zvinoshandawo kwete chete kune mumwe makambani, asiwo zvenyika kuti zvayo.

Kutsanangura rinomutsa nzanga iri evanhu inotevera huru pfungwa: zvemagariro, zvemagariro kukura uye munzanga mberi. Never nzanga kumbobvira ndee. Maari dzose nguva iyo chinhu chinoitika chinofanira kuchinja. Vanhu vari kuziva yavo zvavanoda, kuva itsva dzokukurukurirana nadzo uye mabasa, wana statuses itsva, kushandura zvakatipoteredza, anofanira kubatanidzwa mabasa matsva munzanga uye kushandura pacharo iri mugumisiro yekupindurwa kumarudzi, uye mararamiro aaiita.

Kusawirirana uye unevenness evanhu chinja

Kusawirirana uye unevenness dzakasiyana evanhu kuchinja. Pfungwa mumagariro mberi dzisingapindirani. Rinowanikwawo kunyanya pakuti pave nevamwe mananara uye pezvakaitwa ndiko sei kusimuka chete negwara uye kudzoka shure shure vamwe. Vakawandisa kuchinja vanhu vane dzinopesana hunhu hwakadaro. Nemanomano anochinja vamwe, vamwe yekudyidzana kuchinja upenyu kwenzanga. Somuenzaniso, akachinja zvikuru pashure nokugadzirwa kwakaitwa gejo, iyo hwemvura injini, kunyora, kombiyuta. Kudivi rimwe, pamusoro zvizvarwa kurarama munyika dzakabudirira kuitika kuchinja kukuru munzanga. Zvinonzi kuchinja zvinopfuura pamutemo. Ukuwo, munyika zvikaramba nzanga iyo inoshanduka (Australian kana African chinyakare hurongwa) kuitwa zvishoma nezvishoma.

Chii chinokonzera pakukakavara zvemagariro?

Mismatch pakati societal zvinodiwa akasiyana, uyewo kuti vamiririri vavo vane akasiyana nemaonero omumwe kuchinja kuitika, nokuda dzinopikisana hunhu zvemagariro. Somuenzaniso, tinofanira kuwana kwayo upenyu anoumba mushandi kufarira vatengese basa simba ravo sezvo zvinodhura sezvinobvira. Kuziva izvi chinodiwa ichocho, entrepreneur anoedza kutenga isingadhuri basa. Saka, mamwe mapoka evanhu anogona kuona kuchinja zvakanaka musangano basa, uye vamwe hazvizorevi kukonzera kugutsikana.

mumagariro budiriro

Pakati zvakawanda kuchinja vangazivikanwa Qualitative uye kusingarapiki negwara. Dzinonzi nhasi munzanga kukura. Tinotsanangura pfungwa iyi yakawanda chaizvo. Social budiriro iri kuchinja kukuru munzanga, zvichiita kuti chidzoke idzva mafungiro, tsika uye dzemunharaunda, magariro masangano. Zvinonzi chokuita increment kuwanda, kuwedzera kunzwisisa mashandiro uye zvivako zviri magariro. Somugumisiro azvaiitwa, kuti hurongwa anova rikurumidze. Mukana kuti zvinodiwa siyana vanhu vakawedzera. Development pachake unhu evanhu chinhu chinokosha, uye mugumisiro mumagariro kukura.

Zvaraireva pfungwa iyi, zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti anotaurawo dzinongoitika, rinotungamirirwa uye kusingarapiki shanduko mumagariro pezvakaitwa uye zvakavapo. Somugumisiro, havana kune dzimwe itsva Qualitative mamiriro, i.e. nechivako ravo kana sezvamunoita dzinoshandurwa. Social kukura nzanga sezvo pfungwa akamanikana kupfuura zvemagariro. Haugoni kudana kukura munguva dzenhamo, mhirizhonga, hondo, totalitarianism, izvo kukanganisa upenyu kwenzanga.

The Social chimurenga nemagariro shanduka

Zvakajeka kuonekwa evanhu vane nzira mbiri kuti kufunga mumagariro kukura. Izvi evanhu chimurenga uye munzanga-shanduka. Zvapedzisira rinoreva kazhinji nezvishoma, kumeso uye zvishoma nezvishoma pamusoro vanhu. Mukupesana, magariro chimurenga - yakakura yezwi itsva uye kuchinja zvose zvinobatanidzwa pane Qualitative achikwakuka.

Progress uye Rungadzokera Shure

Kwete nguva dzose ita mhirizhonga kuchinja kuitika munharaunda. Vari dzinoratidzwa zvimwe zvokuita, izvo runotaurwa akadai sokuti regression kana kunoita. Pfungwa mumagariro mberi rinoshandiswa kureva yakadaro nhungamiro kukura munzanga pane ayo kuchinja apasi nyore siyana evanhu upenyu nokusingaperi yepamusoro uye zvikuru kunzwisisa, zvikuru akakwana. Zvikurukuru ndivo kuchinja kukonzera vawedzere gutsaruzhinji uye rusununguko, mukuru kuenzana, nani nderemagariro.

Hakusi nguva dzose chechetere uye kunyange aiva kare. Taiva kinks (kunzvenganzvenga) kwaanoda. Nematambudziko, hondo yenyika, kurwisana emo, pakatangwa yechiFascist hwoudzvinyiriri vakanga vaine kunaka kuchinja kukanganisa vanhu. Social mananara vari akayera pakutanga akanaka, uyezve, angaita kuti migumisiro yakaipa. Somuenzaniso, urbanization uye maindasitiri vaionekwa kwenguva refu nguva kwakafanana mberi. Zvisinei, munguva ichangopfuura paiva hurukuro pamusoro Migumisiro kuparadza uye kushatiswa kwezvakatipoteredza, kuwandisa kwemotokari mumigwagwa pamusoro freeways, maguta mikoko. Progress vanoti kana Verengai zvakanaka migumisiro ichi kana kuti zvemagariro mukuru kupfuura kuwanda kunaka. Kana pane ukama Ivan Kuchin, ndiwo mubvunzo evanhu regression.

Chakatarisana okutanga nookupedzisira rinomirira sangano kubva zvakaoma kusvika nyore, kubva kumusoro kusvikira pasi kugomba ravakafa, kubva yose kumativi uye zvichingodaro. Zvisinei, kwose, nhoroondo mutsetse okukura riri mberi, yakanaka negwara. Social budiriro nemagariro mberi vari pezvakaitwa pose. Progress inechirevo kufamba kwenzanga mberi ose munhoroondo kukura. Nepo regression chete nemakanzuru. Ivo anozivikanwa pachake uye vanhu nguva.

Reform uye Revolution

Musiyano wemarudzi aya evanhu mberi sezvo zvishoma nezvishoma uye chimbichimbi. Nezvishoma inonzi kuchinja uye chimbichimbi - echimurenga. Saizvozvowo, nezvimiro maviri evanhu mberi - ichi kuchinja nokumukira. Wokutanga rinomiririra zvishomanana kuvandudzika mumunda upenyu. Izvi kusanduka zvishoma nezvishoma, zvisingakwanisi kuchinja nheyo zviripo kurongeka munzanga. Mukupesana, pokuchinja - kuchinja zvakakwana vakawanda masimba ose zvinhu munzanga upenyu, hunobata nheyo ano hurongwa. It ane spasmodic hunhu. Zvakakodzera kusiyanisa siyana maviri evanhu mberi - kuchinja nokumukira.

Nzira dzekuziva nadzo evanhu mberi

On yavo ukoshi kutonga akadai "mberi - reactionary", "zviri nani - kuipa" kuzviitira. Social budiriro nemagariro mberi haagoni kuva mupfungwa iyi inonzwisisika kupima. Zvisinei, kana kutonga kwakadaro anoratidza evanhu nekuita uye kukurukurirana, chinangwa kukura munharaunda, havana chete kuzviitira mupfungwa iyi, asi vavariro. Social budiriro nemagariro mberi kunogona rigorously yaizoongororwa. Nokuti chinangwa ichi, akasiyana-siyana zvinodiwa.

Masayendisiti siyana evanhu mberi zvinodiwa havasi zvakafanana. Kuzivikanwa muna generalized muchimiro ndeinotevera:

- padanho ruzivo, kukura mupfungwa dzevanhu;

- uvandudze yetsika;

- kukura rwakasvika ehondo, kusanganisira murume pachake;

- mhando uye nenhanho zvinodyiwa uye kugadzirwa;

- kukura zvemichina uye sayenzi;

- ukuru kusangana uye Kusiyanisa munzanga;

- social uye enyika rusununguko uye kodzero munhu;

- ukuru rusununguko munzanga uye masimba;

- avhareji upenyu anotarisirwa.

The yepamusoro Nhamba idzi, dzakanga evanhu mberi uye kukura kwenzanga.

Man - chinangwa uye chikuru chokuratidza evanhu mberi

The chikuru chokukomborerwa progressivity kana regressivity kuti zvemagariro ndiro zita munhu mumuviri, zvinhu, nemutsika, azere uye wakasununguka kukura unhu. Ndiko, mune ano ezvinhu evanhu uye rokubatsira vanhu ruzivo kuchiitika humanistic pfungwa kuti inorondedzera magariro mberi uye kukura kwenzanga. Munhu chinangwa chake, uye mukuru chokuratidza.

HDI

Nyanzvi UN muna 1990 yakazokudziridzwa neDare HDI (Human Development Index). Inogona kukubatsira kufunga zvose zveupfumi zvinoumba unhu upenyu. The chinokosha indekisi rinowanikwa nerimwe gore muchinjikwa-nyika kuenzanisa uye kuyera padanho dzidzo, kuverenga, upenyu uye hurefu wetsvakurudzo nzvimbo. In kuenzanisa kurarama mhiri kunyika uye nzvimbo ndiyo mureza chokushandisa. HDI rinorondedzerwa so svomhu Zvichakadaro matatu anotevera parameters:

- kuverenga zvazvingava (avhareji nhamba yemakore yakawandisa dzidzo), uyewo kutarisirwa nguva yokurovedza;

- upenyu anotarisirwa;

- mararamire.

Country zvichienderana kukosha indekisi dzinoiswa maererano nenhanho kukura sezvinotevera: nyika 42 - yakakwirira chaizvo pamwero kukura, 43 - mukuru, 42 - paavhareji, 42 - pasi. The pamusoro shanu inoti iyo pane chikuru HDI, zvinosanganisira (mu vachikwira kuitira) Germany, Netherlands, USA, Australia uye Norway.

Social Progress uye Development Declaration

Gwaro iri rakagamuchirwa muna 1969 ne UN resolution. The chikuru zvebasa evanhu kukura uye mberi policies kuti hurumende dzose uye inoti vanosungirwa kuita, vanofanira nechokwadi akanaka remuneration basa pasina kusarura kupi zvako, yakasimbiswa neHurumende risingamboshandisi azvipire muripo wayo, iyo yaizova yakakwirira zvakakwana kuitira zvinogamuchirika nemararamiro, yokupedza nayo urombo uye nzara . The Declaration chinotarisa kuunza nyika kuvandudza upenyu hwevanhu, uyewo yunifomu uye kururama kugovera mari. Social Kugadzirwa Russia iri kuitwa maererano kuzivisa ichi.

Social mberi kunotungamirira chokuti vashoma, kunyange yakanaka chepakutanga zvinodiwa vanova zvakajairika munzvimbo. Izvi zvinooneka kunyange pasina kuongorora kwesayenzi, zvakakwana kuenzanisa ichi yakatarwa uye mwero ano zvinodiwa kuti chokwadi kuti yaiva emakore mashoma apfuura.

Zvipingamupinyi evanhu mberi

Panzira mumagariro mberi maviri chete zvipingamupinyi - hurumende uye chitendero. Chikara-mamiriro mwari pamisana yokunyepera. Mabviro chitendero nokuti kuti vanhu vakapa pachavo vamwari vavo zvekunyepera hypertrophied nemano, simba uye tsika.