Ko pfungwa "pasocial ezvinhu"? Musimboti zvakanaka mamiriro

Nhasi chinhu chinokosha chaizvo mubvunzo ndizvo zvinorehwa "pasocial nehurumende". Tiri kurarama munguva apo Implementation zvarinotaura hakusi chete zvinobvira asi zvakakodzerawo. Saka chii zvakanaka mamiriro? Ngatimbotaurei zvazviri.

Nyaya yokudana mumwe "munzanga hurumende" ndiwo musimboti (maitiro), izvo zvinoreva Dare uye pamutemo. Anofunga kuti mubumbiro anovimbisa zveupfumi kodzero uye rusununguko, uyewo runoenzanirana mabasa, izvo zvinoda pamusoro. Welfare wehurumende - ezvinhu ane kushumira munharaunda, kuedza nechokwadi kuti evanhu akasiyana kushoma kana zvachose chapedzwa.

Ko Russia pasocial ezvinhu?

The Russian Constitution anopa mhinduro yakanaka kuti mubvunzo uyu. Rinotaura kuti nyika yedu iri pasocial mamiriro. Uye pfungwa "munzanga hurumende" zvinoreva kuti mutemo nechinangwa paakasika ezvinhu umo vakasununguka kusimudzira kwevanhu uye inokudzwa upenyu nechimwe kwaizoratidzwa inopiwa. Somugumisiro, Russian Federation chaitwa izvi.

Enshrined mubumbiro iri ehurumende mabasa

To nani kunzwisisa pfungwa "evanhu ehurumende" uye ayo chaizvoizvo, isu zano kuti vanyatsoziva pamwe mitoro yawo vakaisa pasi ari Russian yepamutemo. Pakati pavo pane zvinotevera:

- kuchengetedza utano uye basa hwevanhu;

- kuti kumisa risingamboshandisi mubayiro uchapiwa;

- nechokwadi chokuti mhuri, pauduku, mubereki, mukuru vagari uye vakaremara nehurumende rutsigiro;

- kuumba nyika yaivapo evanhu mabasa;

- nokuti vagari kumisa makomborero, mamiriro pensions nevamwe munzanga kuchengeteka inopikira.

The hunhu uye chinangwa evanhu mhando wehurumende

Batanidza vanhu vose, namarudzi, magariro mapoka, vakabatanidzwa imwe pfungwa "veruzhinji" ndiwo pasocial mhando wehurumende. Welfare wehurumende - ezvinhu izvo rinotarisirwa kuitira kudzivirira uye zvinofarirwa nzanga yose zvayo. Zvinonzi yakavakirwa pamusoro kuziva zviri pamutemo zvido, rusununguko uye kodzero dzevanhu, izvo aionekwa chemhando ukoshi.

Welfare wehurumende - a political sangano rinomirira Institute zvainanga sangano nzanga yose, akakodzera wose kudzivirira rusununguko, kodzero uye zvinofarirwa nevanhu vose uye vagari upenyu. Zviri mudziyo kugadzirisa kusawirirana uye kukakavadzana zvose mukati munyika uye kunze kwayo. Izvi ndizvo zvinorehwa "pasocial nehurumende".

Zvinonzi zvakabatana chaizvo kupfungwa mutemo. Chete kwemitemo, ndiko, mumwe iyo kare dzakabudirira zvigadziriswe kwemitemo, unogona kuva pasocial. Sezvo makore 90s. mumamiriro ezvinhu umo, kune rumwe rutivi, richipararira sunungukei pfungwa, asi pane dzimwe - evanhu basa ehurumende uye zvinodiwa chinoitirwa nzanga pachinhu evanhu mutemo, ikawanda, pfungwa itsva akatanga kuumba pamusoro mhando tiri kufarira hurumende. Welfare wehurumende - ezvinhu kuti zvino kuonekwa sechinhu mashandiro chokubvisa kupokanidzana pakati magariro zvinangwa uye mitemo musika. Ichi chinhu chakakosha kwazvo hunhu pake.

Kuramba kwakaita paternalistic basa

Welfare mamiriro, mukusiyana kune inonzi "kugarika nehurumende", nhasi ruchigona kusiya paternalistic basa. Mwari akaronga kuti abvise vajairira. Welfare wehurumende - ezvinhu kuti kunoratidzwa chido kusika akanaka ezvinhu nokuti boka kuburikidza musika upfumi, chiri mumagariro vaifarira.

periodization pakukura

Yakatanga pakati pezana 90s. munyika yedu nguva inogona kunzi padariro akarurama zvakanaka mamiriro. Kune marudzi anotevera okupedzisira:

- Socialist (s 70s remakore rechi19 kusvika yechi30 remakore makore 20);

- pamutemo munzanga mamiriro (kubva 30s kusvikira pakuguma 40s remakore rechi20);

- mamiriro zvemagariro mabasa (kuguma 40s - 60s remakore rapfuura);

- zvakanaka mamiriro (mukupera 50s - kwemasikati 80s);

- padariro matambudziko uye kuparadzwa zvakanaka wehurumende (80s - kwemasikati 90s);

- akarurama zvakanaka mamiriro (kubva nemakore kuma1990 kusvika chipo).

Zviratidzo zvakanaka mamiriro

Kuvakwa makore anopfuura 100 isu vanofarira kuziva pfungwa dzine, nokuti zvose zvavo kusiyana pachena, kuduku iine kuramba zviratidzo. Chokutanga izvi zviri kuwanikwa nhengo dzose nzanga yose vatsigirane ose ehurumende. Wechipiri - wepamutemo hunhu wehurumende evanhu mutemo, ayo kodzero waidzora uye kuzvidzora mumagariro kwendangariro. Panguva pamutemo basa hachisi waidzora evanhu urongwa, asi vo simba evanhu kodzero vemo. Hurumende iri basa munzanga. Wechitatu kuramba kuchiitika - kuvapo bhajeti evanhu zvikomborero. Wechina - kuvapo ehurumende basa hurongwa, magariro kunotichengetedza munzanga. Chechishanu - kuzivikanwa nezvomutoro raro padanho zvakanaka vagari. Welfare wehurumende - ezvinhu umo zvose zvezviratidzo izvi varipo.

mumagariro negwaro

Social negwaro - iyi ndiyo imwe huru zvishandiso akashandiswa Implementation kwemarongerwe evanhu wehurumende. Ukama yokupedzisira naro anonyanya richiratidzwa sei zvikuru uye zvizere anoita evanhu mutemo, uyewo papi zvinoratidza nezvinodiwa vemo. Saka, zvakanaka mamiriro - ndiko kana zviga mumagariro mitemo chiito.

kutungamirira Its ndiko kuzadzisa zvabuda uye zvinangwa chekuita kuvandudza magariro uye zvinhu zvakanaka vemunyika, kunatsiridza upenyu vanhu uye kubudirira kubva ezvinhu evanhu uye zvematongerwo enyika zvigadzikane kutadzisa kwaita muhomwe izvozvo mumagariro makakatanwa.

mabasa

Saka, tine vakapindura mubvunzo: "?" "Ko pfungwa" munzanga mamiriro. zvino Funga mabasa kuti rine. Achitaura izvo, unofanira kufunga ezvinhu anotevera:

- zvakanaka mamiriro ane ose zvinhu zviri zvetsika neipi State;

- rinorambidzwa pamusoro zviri zvayo vakawanda munzanga kukosha, saka postulates, ndiye tsika, refracted kuburikidza prism zviri zvinangwa uye zvinangwa zvakanaka mamiriro;

- vangazivikanwa sechikamu pasocial nerevane dzimwe nzira dzakananga idzo basa inoitika zvakanaka mamiriro.

Kunyanya, yokupedzisira zvinosanganisira:

- health and safety vanhu;

- Mapoka anotsigira vanhu vanotambudzika munzanga;

- rutsigiro mubereki, mhuri uye uduku;

- rimire kuburikidza mari redistribution evanhu kusaruramisira;

- kutsigira rudo and said.

"Human" divi

Kwete enyika uye zveupfumi asiwo tsika muitiro chete ndiye paumbwe evanhu wehurumende. Kunoda "munhu" divi. Zviratidzo wehurumende ichi ndiwo:

- democratic sangano simba enyika;

- yakakwirira tsika vokuparidzira, uye machinda - zvikurukuru;

- a zvoupfumi mukana simba, iyo rinobvumira siyana zviyero zvainanga redistribution mari, panguva imwe chete hakuiti yekudyidzana zvisizvo nzvimbo varidzi;

- evanhu wezwi pakati mutemo wenyika, iyo kunooneka pacharo kukura siyana evanhu zvirongwa uye tanga Implementation dzavo uye vamwe.

Zvipingamupinyi amire munzira evanhu mamiriro kuRussia

1. nyika yedu haisati kuwana rutsigiro rwakakwana pamurairo, uye kuRussia pasocial ezvinhu haagoni kuvimba panheyo dzaro. We kusika hazvisi, sapamazuva West, mumwe Danho idzva, izvo zvinotora nzvimbo yaro kukura kwemitemo.

2. Russian "rukoko pakati" vazvo vachiri haana kusimbiswa. Kubva bato-mamiriro pfuma privatized nomuzvarirwo, anenge hapana akaenda dzakawanda vanhu nyika yedu.

3. MuRussia, hapana zvoupfumi vachikwanisa kunodiwa kuti pave matanho zvainanga redistribution mari, apo kwete yekudyidzana zvinopesana kuti kuzvionera uye rusununguko varidzi.

4. nyika yedu haisi zvachose chindingindingi mune zvakawanda zvinokosha siyana rokutengesa uye kugadzirwa. Izvi zvinotungamirira kuti hapana makwikwi chaiwo.

5. Pane hapana vakura, yakatanga veruzhinji.

6. Hazvizivikanwi Russian vanhu, tsika akaderedza ndiko, akapotsa arega kutungamirirwa vakaenzana uye kururamisira pakunamata. Achibatsirwa enyika "nyanzvi" uye ideologues, uye nhepfenyuro chakataurwa pachena kuziva nezvakwakaipira pfungwa kuti zvoupfumi uye zvematongerwo enyika haawirirani netsika.

7. mapato Political zviripo Russia, zvakajeka magariro zvirongwa havana.

8. Mukuita yorusununguko kubva kupindira mamiriro Russian nzanga kuderedzwa evanhu basa mamiriro inertia. Kuti, vanhu yaita Ukuwo, uye mugari ruri pamwe musika mauto chete.

9. Pane vanhu chaivo, hapana zvinangwa zvakajeka, hapana urongwa mupenyu mapatani zviri nesayenzi rukasimbiswa.

Pasinei nezvipingamupinyi izvi, nzira bedzi yokuti kukura munyika yedu yakasununguka nzanga chaiyo mamiriro mumagariro kukura. Izvi chokuita kwete chete Russia, asi uyewo dzimwe nyika dzose.

Saka, imi zvamakadzidza kuti zvinoreva "munzanga nehurumende". nyaya iyi riri kudzidza nyaya dzakadai sayenzi enyika uye jurisprudence. Pamusoro chokuendesa mashoko bvunzo kuti mumagariro zvidzidzo kunodiwa kuti pfungwa chii chaizoitika wehurumende. Pfungwa iyi inofanira Zvakanakisa kuziva ose mugari.