Kazakh maguta. pakukura guta Kazakhstan racho. Kazakh maguta - Pamazita

Kazakhstan - nyika huru, iyo vanoumba kuzvikudza chikuru pamusoro inowanzorimwa uye muArabhu. Asi kwete ndizvozvo zvose. In zvakadaro nyika anokwezva kuti vafambi - zvinoshamisa zvakasikwa-siyana nzvimbo uye kunoshamisa guta kuti vatakure West umbozha pamwe Oriental norunyararo.

akitekicha wavo hwakazara kwete chete ano, asi kare. Panguva iyoyo ndiye chaiye zvekumwe Asian tsika kuti nokungwarira anochengeta tsika kare.

nyaya

The tanga mashoko ari maguta Kazakhstan ndeyemunguva remakore rechitanhatu. Pakutanga, makuru nemisha nyika vaiva unodziya mumupata ari Ishe DARYA River uye Rivers Seven. Archaeological Kucherwa kumaodzanyemba kweKazakhstan yakawanikwa mapfupa mumaguta ekare yakavakwa wechitanhatu - repfumbamwe emakore.

Nzvimbo huru pamusoro inowanzorimwa nzvimbo yaigarwa muArabhu. With vagari ukama avo zvakaoma. For muArabhu Misha huru dzaiva nzvimbo wezvokutengeserana, asi panguva imwe chete, vanowanzoororwa mabhomba.

Munyika mune mamwe maguta kuti anozvikudza vayo kare. Izvi zvinosanganisira guta Kazakhstan sezvo Taraz, Shymkent uye Turkestan.

Muzana nemanomwe remakore nyika akazviratidza pakutanga nemisha kuRussia. It Guryev uye Yaitsky muguta. Zvishoma nezvishoma, kubva kumusoro kusvika zasi akauya Russian Colonisation. Rayakavambwa maguta mazhinji, akawanda acho anogona kuwanika pamusoro ano map munyika.

Muzana remakore rechimakumi maviri muKazakhstan ichiitwa hombe-pamwero remigodhi kuti mugodhi. Maererano nemabasa aya paiva vakawanda mumaguta ano.

administrative nendima

Senzira Kazakhstan ndiyo gumi nzvimbo. Ivo dziri maguta makumi masere nematanhatu. Izvi zvinosanganisira Mega-maguta National kukosha. Avo vaviri - Almaty uye Astana. Kudeuka Guta Kazakhstan - ndiye Shymkent, Almaty, kuKaraganda uye, chokwadi, Astana. Nyika ine zana namakumi matanhatu maruwa masere uye rimwe namakumi manomwe mana musha.

Kazakh maguta, mazita iyo chinopiwa pazasi, ndizvo nzvimbo dziri nyika:

1. Ust-Kamenogorsk (East Kazakhstan mudunhu.).
2. Taraz (Zhambyl Oblast.).
3. KuKaraganda (kuKaraganda mudunhu.).
4. Aktobe (Aktobe mudunhu.).
5. Taldykorgan (Almaty mudunhu.).
6. Kyzylorda (Kyzylorda mudunhu.).
7. Kostanay (Kostanay mudunhu.).
8. Pavlodar (Pavlodar mudunhu.).
9. Shymkent (South-Kazakhstan mudunhu.).
10. Uralsk (West-Kazakhstan mudunhu.).
11. Petropavlovsk (North-Kazakhstan mudunhu.).
12. Kokshetau (Akmola nharaunda).
13. Aktau (Mangistau mudunhu.).
14. Atyrau (Atyrau Oblast.).

City ane National kukosha, uye ndiye Cosmodrome. Pane nyika yakakurumbira eponymous cosmodrome, izvo was kubudikidza Russia kusvikira zviuru zviviri namakumi mashanu.

guta

Just pamusoro gumi Astana rava guta rakanaka uye ano. The guru wechiduku Kazakhstan kwaro mapurani hakusi muduku vazhinji nyika misoro akakurumbira. Mumwe zvivako zvakavakwa akaita pano Eurasian manyorerwo. Panguva iyoyo vari mabasa chaiwo unyanzvi chivakwa. Astana chiratidzo zveupfumi uye enyika rusununguko Kazakhstan guru. Munyika zviri zvakarurama vaiona muzinda tsika nemagariro upenyu.

Ndicho guru Kazakhstan zvayo nechekuchamhembe. It yakavakwa pedyo Noor River, pamahombekombe ari Ishim River. Kubvira kare kare nzvimbo iyi kukwezvwa vagari inowanzorimwa nzvimbo, sezvo riri panguva mharadzano kuti karavhani pakutengeserana. Inside guta ano, vanochera matongo vakawana uchapupu dzokugara, chaiko kune Bronze Age, Iron Age neMiddle Ages.

Guta pacharo rakaumbwa muna 1830 uye iye aiva Cossack revarwi vairinda. Muvambi Astana - Colonel F. K. Shubin. Kwapera nguva, nhare akatanga kukura muguta. Uye muzana remakore rechi19 Akmola aiva inokosha geopolitical muzinda muruwa rose. Sezvo 1961 guta Yakazopiwa zita rokuti Tselinograd. Kubvira muna 1992, akava Akmola. Kubvira 1998 - Astana. Pamutemo guru Kazakhstan rakava guta rechigumi muna December 1997 Pari zuva Astana inoremekedzwa vanopfuura mazana manomwe paupamhi makiromita. Zviri guta guru munyika.

Awana mamiriro imwe nzvimbo hwenyika iri guru Astana yave vakaziva akawandisa mumaguta pakukura muzvirongwa. Uye akawedzera kwevanhu. Kana guta ine vanhu 270 zviuru. People, muna 2006 nhamba iyi yakanga yakasvika zviuru mazana matanhatu muna 1996.

Maererano chisarudzo UNESCO, iyo rakagamuchirwa muna 1999, Astana akanga paakavapa musoro "guta yorugare".

Alma-Ata

The list, zvinosanganisira guta guru kupfuura ose Kazakhstan, guta guru munyika haisi panzvimbo yokutanga. Zviri mberi Aruma-Ata. Kutanga kubva 1927, yaiva munyika guru. Pasinei kuchinjwa chinzvimbo chavo Astana, guta rinoramba chete Metropolis makuru ehurumende, izvo zviri kumusha vagari vanopfuura miriyoni. Uyezve, Aruma-Ata - mari uye zveupfumi uye netsika muzinda ehurumende.

City yaiva kumaodzanyemba-rokumabvazuva munharaunda Kazakhstan, mujinga chaiwo Trans-them Alatau. Okunze munharaunda iyi zvakanaka safarira.

It raiva guru guta Kazakhstan riri nechepakati kondinendi Eurasian. Zvinonzi kuti musi iwoyo Latitude nacho vari Gagra uye Vladivostok. Buildings uye zvivako zviri Almaty vari rakamiswa panguva nekukwirira mazana matanhatu chiuru matanhatu namakumi mashanu metres pamusoro pegungwa.

Okunze munyika guta ine guru kusiyana-siyana zuva nezuva uye gore negore tembiricha. Northern dzinogarwa nzvimbo kupinda inopisa inowanzorimwa, uye kumaodzanyemba vanonzwa Nokufema mazitombo echando.

kuKaraganda

nechepakati Kazakhstan guta administrative-miganhu nokupesana vari kuKaraganda nharaunda. Zviri pakati nepakati kondinendi Eurasian. Munharaunda yacho guru ndiro guta kuKaraganda. Chinhu chikuru maindasitiri uye maindasitiri, tsika uye zvesayenzi pakati. vagari vemo muna 2006 raiva anenge 452 zviuru. Man. Sezvo nhamba vagari veguta iri wechina pakukura munyika.

KuKaraganda - huru remunharaunda muzinda, riri pamusoro munharaunda dzinenge mashanu namakumi mativi makiromita makumi mashanu. Guta rine zvakawanda emakambani ane zvokuimba engineering, zvokudya kubudiswa uye rwekushanda nesimbi, uyewo marasha mugodhi. Pano dzakabudirira senga kwezvivako uye kukurukurirana.

The zvenharaunda pasi iri maguta gumi. Second chete kuKaraganda Temirtau ndiye pakukura. Other maguta Kazakhstan, iri pakati nharaunda yacho, Balkhash uye Zhezkazgan, Satpayev Shakhtinsk, uye Priozersk Saran uye Abai. Guta mukuru mudunhu iri Karkaralinsk. Rayakavambwa somunhu uto nhare dzokurwa muna 1824

Kana mamiriro okunze, zviri kuKaraganda nharaunda ine zvikuru Continental hunhu. Winters vane hasha, uye kuchipisa nguva yezhizha. The wegore Huwandu kunayisa iri kunyora nezvavo. Summer uswa zvinoodza kupera, uye madutu chando zvachose kufukidza mugwagwa yose. Muchirimo chando inonyunguduka, akatendeuka nzizi uye hova dziri kumhanyira nzizi.

Shymkent

Ndiye pachikwata, izvo zvinosanganisira maguta akawanda makuru reRepublic of Kazakhstan. Shymken ndiyo musimboti romunharaunda of South Kazakhstan nharaunda. ichi

guta ano. It anogara naye zvishoma zvinopfuura hafu yemiriyoni vanhu. Shymkent kwete chete guta rechitatu pakukura munyika. Uyezve, chiri tsika, yezvokutengeserana uye mumaindasitiri muzinda unokosha. Pano riri makumi matanhatu nemapfumbamwe emakambani ane zvokuimba engineering, ferrous simbi, zvokudya kubudiswa, mafuta achinatsa uye nemakemikari maindasitiri.

Ust-Kamenogorsk

Ndicho guru East Kazakhstan nharaunda, iyo Miganhu China uye Russia. Guta zvokufambisa chikuru uye mumaindasitiri nomusimboti pakati misha Makomo Altai. Date nheyo - 1720, apo panguva confluence enzizi Ulba uye Irtysh kuvaka kuzvidzivirira nhare akatanga. Kare, Ust-Kamenogorsk akadana pasuwo Altai makomo, sezvo iye wakapfuura ose nzendo mumakomo.

Pari, ndicho chikamu chikuru metallurgia muzinda munyika. Pano muAtlantic kugadzirwa cadmium uye sirivha, nendarama uye gallium. Mune chiedza indasitiri, zvokudya bhizimisi uye foresitiri. It Anoshanda Ust-Kamenogorsk fekitari zvibereko sirika.

Cities kumabvazuva Kazakhstan, uye ivo kuverenga gumi, mugere Kazakhs uye Russian. Chechipiri pakukura pashure Ust-Kamenogorsk, Semipalatinsk ndiye. It rinotaurawo kuti nharaunda Kazakh-Eastern. The guta rakaumbwa muna 1718. Pakutanga, zvakanga kuzvidzivirira nenhare. Mhuri (Semipalatinsk) aiva mukuru vezvokutengeserana ukoshi. Kubudikidza Wakapfuurira boka yenzira takananga Russia kubvira Mongolia uye Central Asia kubva kuSiberia. Kubvira mukupera namapfumbamwe remakore, mhuri yava unokosha chiteshi pamusoro Irtysh River kuti kukura kutumirwa. In Semipalatinsk, akakurukura kugadzirwa mutengi nhumbi. Rakapa pano magetsi netambo, zvoga hurongwa, uyewo dzakasiyana-siyana zvokushandisa, maturusi uye zviridzwa.

Uralsk

Ndicho muzinda West Kazakhstan nharaunda. It iri picturesque mumapani. Next kuti kugarwa pane rwizi Derkud, ari kurudyi rechibharo Chagan. Uralsk (Kazakhstan) rakasiyana nemamwe wayo nzvimbo. Pane muganhu kusingaoneki Asia uye Europe.

Date nheyo guta - 1613 aiva Cossack kugarwa akaonekwa panzvimbo idzi.

Iye zvino, nzvimbo yeguta nenhumbi aro - vanopfuura mazana manomwe paupamhi makiromita. Kureba remunharaunda muzinda kubva kuchamhembe kusvika kumaodzanyemba - masere, uye kubva kumabvazuva kusvikira kumavirira - gumi makiromita. Uralsk vagari sezvo kwa2009 raiva 211 zviuru. Man. Pakati pavo vane Kazakhs uye Russian, Tatars, Ukrainians, Belarusians uye vokuGermany, uyewo mamwe marudzi.

Kana mazita paguta Kazakhstan, izvo maindasitiri, nhoroondo uye tsika nzvimbo Republic, pakati pavo achava kutaurwa uye Uralsk. Mumakore achangopfuura, zvikurukuru akasimbisa upfumi kukosha kwayo uye mugove maindasitiri goho. Izvi anotsigirwa riri zana nemakumi mashanu chete kubva muguta mafuta uye gasi condensate munda Karachaganak.

Mune indasitiri pamusoro Uralsk kwaisanganisira maindasitiri mazhinji. Izvi zvinosanganisira simba uye engineering, furawa, nechipiriso uye zvokudya. Kunotangwa nyore uye kuvaka zvinhu indasitiri pano.

Petropavlovsk

guta rino ndiyo muzinda North-Kazakhstan nharaunda. Anonzi dzakavamba musi 1752 In iyi, nzvimbo yanhasi Petropavlovsk rakaumbwa Fort St. Peter.

Nhasi iye nhengo International Panounganira yemisoro uye maguta makuru. Uyezve, guta Petropavlovsk (Kazakhstan) - muridzi Hofori zvitatu makwikwi yakanaka mumaguta Kishi.

Munguva remunharaunda centre pane pfumbamwe akasiyana zvokufambisa makambani, masangano ehurumende anoshanda namanomwe bhora netsika, anodzidzisa vadzidzi State University. M. Kozybayev.

mhangura

Muzhizha 1954 hurumende yeSoviet vakasarudza kutanga kuvakwa Sokolov-Sarbai mugodhi uye emhodzi. Saka vakatanga nhoroondo Mboroma. Guta rakanga rakaumbwa muna 1957 pamahombekombe ari Tobol River munharaunda yacho Turgai rwenze. Around iye wakatambanudza zvisingaperi inowanzorimwa.

guta rake chitarisiko chikwereti mutyairi Surganova. Paakanga muna 1949 ndiri kubhururutsa pamusoro yepanyama muganhu Sarbay, yava nezvokubudirira kujairika unhu Compass yake. Kwapera nguva pano akatuma Nyanzvi geographers. Saka Sokolovskoye munda yakawanikwa. City Rudny (Kazakhstan) yakavakwa zvakanaka nokukurumidza. Muna 1959 akanga paakavapa mamiriro guta.

maguta maduku

Kazakhstan guta rine vanhu vanhu vanosvika zviuru makumi mashanu vari pamutemo rinonzi diki. Ava, makumi mana nerimwe guta riri muzinda mudunhu hanya. Vamwe havasi. Pakati pavo, Temir uye Stepnogorsk, Gemme uye Emba, Tekeli uye Kapchagai, Charsk uye Serebryansk, Shakhtinsk uye Priozersk, Kurchatov uye Saran, Lisakovsk uye Karazhal, Arkalyk uye Aksu, Shu uye Kazalinsk.