Japanese encephalitis: zviratidzo, inotakura, kubaya

Japanese encephalitis - ane zvirwere kuti chinobata kwete chete vanhu asiwo mhuka. Utachiona kunyanya kunokanganisa uropi. Endemic panomuka kuitika kubva August September, uye hunozogara mazuva hapana anopfuura 50 pagore. The chidzoke inorema mvura pamusoro yaitwa inopisa ekunze - zviri kunobatsira zvakatipoteredza vector maberekero chirwere - umhutu.

A Nhoroondo shoma

Kunyange muna 1871, vanachiremba Japanese akarondedzera chirwere ane zvinouraya zvinozoitika 60% nyaya. Nechekare muna 1933 Haiashi akangotaura utachiona uye kuziva sei maperembudzi inoparadzirwa. On kunharaunda Russia, kwe Japanese encephalitis utachiona wokutanga akazviratidza muna 1938, chirwere sezvayakawanikwa kumaodzanyemba Primorye.

Utachiona akawana zita raro nokuda yatanga chirwere muJapan. Munguva idzi dzakaipa, dzinoti muna 1924, utachiona vanopfuura 7000 vanhu dzakatambura, 80% of varwere akafa.

In nyika yedu, chirwere anonziwo B encephalitis, umhutu kana yezhizha-matsutso encephalitis.

Etiology uye zvidukuduku Japanese encephalitis

The causative mutumwa chirwere hutachiwana genus Flavivirus, mhuri Togaviridae. Virus anourayiwa kana neshungu kuti tembiricha ya56 madhigirii ndiyo maminitsi chete 30. Kana kubika, tofa mushure 2 maminitsi. Kana utachiwana yapwa uye chando, haangakanganwirwi kurasika uye inogona kuchengetwa rakapotsa nokusingaperi. At kamuri tembiricha, utachiona angava kukwanisa kurarama inenge 45 mazuva uye romukaka svikiro asati mazuva 30.

zvinogoneka vectors

Under dzinongoitika ezvinhu, chikuru akaendesa vari waterfowl. Vamwe Utachiona rodent wo oga.

Papurazi chizvarwa Japanese encephalitis anogona kuita nguruve uye mabhiza. Nguruve kutakura chirwere pasina zviratidzo, uye incubation nguva haasi kupfuura 5 mazuva. Very kashoma varwere nguruve zvinogona kwatangwa pamuviri.

Munhu ane HIV ngozi vamwe. In womunhu utachiona anopinda mate vanayo umhutu. Muvanhu, incubation nguva anoda kubva 4 kusvika 21 mazuva. Kuunganidza chirwere rikaitika huta zvinyama dzakasiyana zvikamu uropi. Vascular maronda zvinogoneka goko uye uropi. Panguva iyoyowo, kazhinji asymptomatic zvokurwara. Vanhu vakawanda kumboshayiwa kubva encephalitis, pane antibodies muropa mugadziriro. With zera, masoja ose evanhu gadziriro chete kusimbiswa.

Where utachiwana rakajairika?

Sezvinotarisirwa, Japanese encephalitis hakusi kwese kwazvo nyika yedu. Utachiona inowanikwa kumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumabvazuva kweAsia, uye riri kuchamhembe chikamu Australia, India, Pakistan, Thailand, Japan uye Indonesia. The pamazita munyika "ngozi" zvinosanganisira anenge 24 inoti. Kazhinji, pasi nokutyisidzirwa kutanga vemo vanenge mabhiriyoni 3 vanhu panyika. In nyika wedu Umhutu anogona kukonzera zvirwere zvinowanikwa mu vakasiya misha iri kumucheto mumisha nemisha, munzvimbo kazhinji kunonaia uye yakakwirira mwando.

pathogenesis

Character nokuti Japanese encephalitis kunobva mukuru mamiriro utano. The hutano vanhu, shoma mukana chirwere. Kakawanda, utachiona akauraya atova jekiseni nzvimbo.

Kana zvose chete utachiona "akamboti mirei" mumuviri, ayo kukura hunoenderana tembiricha muviri: kana achikwira, zvino utachiona iri "mupopoti" uye riri kukura nokukurumidza. The yakawedzera muviri tembiricha chinowedzera kosi chirwere. Kamwe utachiwana kunokunda ropa-uropi mhinganidzo, rwunotumirwa uropi parenchyma. Ndiyo apo utachiona inotanga kushingaira kukura. In chakakomba zviitiko, kubereka anogona kutanga tsinga.

Japanese encephalitis: Zviratidzo

Muvanhu, chirwere kunoitika mumatanho matatu:

1. Start. Nguva anenge 3 days. Dzinoratidzwa kwatangwa tembiricha pave 40 ° C, iyo inogona kuchengeta panguva ino pamwero anenge 10 mazuva. Man kunetseka nemusoro, chills, kurwadziwa lumbar nomuzongoza, gastrointestinal nzvimbo maoko nemakumbo. Vamwe varwere vanoona kuda kurutsa, richisvika kukurutsai. Kungawedzera kumanikidzwa uye unoraramisa kurova kwemwoyo kune 140 anorova.

2. chenjera kumwedzi. On the 3rd kana 4th zuva rinouya exacerbation zvokurwara, zvingaratidza kuonekwa mamirire yomumuzongoza akaora mwoyo ezvinhu omurwere, kunyange pakoma. Varwere vakawanda vanotambura chirwere chepfungwa, aone zvinhu zvisipo, zvinovadadira.

Muscle matauriro rwuchiwanzwa, uye murwere anogona chete kuva rimwe supine nechinzvimbo parutivi kana musana. Mbabvu panguva imwe chete vari hwakakungwa chinzvimbo. Kwetsandanyama kuitika mune mitsipa uye kutsenga netsandanyama. Possible akatsvuka pakati optic etsinga, kusvikira mumatenhere. Vamwe varwere vane mabayo kana bronchitis.

3. Period convalescence. Japanese encephalitis padanho rino anogona mberi vhiki 7. tembiricha muviri kakawanda kudzikamiswa ndokudzokera dzose. Pangava residual migumisiro uropi, tsandanyama simba, kurasikirwa kufambisa, bedsores.

Kune varwere vanotambura hosha nounyoro chimiro, pasina chetsinga zviratidzo.

Zvakakomba chirwere kunogona kuurayisa.

Zvikurukuru epidemiology uye fungidziro

Activators ose Japanese encephalitis kunowanzoitwa kuwanikwa slaboobzhityh munzvimbo pedyo madziva uye marshes. Munyika dzinopisa, matenda kwemazuva anopfuura 50. Boka pangozi zvinosanganisira vanhu vanoshanda panze kana pedo nemvura. Kakawanda vanotambura Japanese encephalitis vanhu 20 kusvika 40 makore.

Pangozi tiri vashanyi vanoenda pazororo munyika pamwe inopisa, apo pane yakakwirira mwando monsoon. Uyu ndiye Philippines, Thailand, kunyanya kuchamhembe chikamu mamiriro, India, Indonesia uye dzimwe nyika. saka Vafambi vanenge varumbidzwa zvakasimba kuti nhomba asati kuenda dzinopisa.

The for kupora iri dikisa, mukana hwenyama ndiyo 80%. Kazhinji, ngozi 7 mazuva okutanga, murwere anogona kuwira asina chaanoziva, kana pfari kurwadziwa kusingaperi.

Vanhu vakanga vaenda kubudikidza zvose nzendo chirwere, kazhinji residual Migumisiro:

• psychoses;
• hyperkinesis;
• kuderera mune rezvedzidzo kugona;
• kuremara;
• asthenic ezvinhu.

chirwere matanho

Chirwere chirwere - iri yakatarwa kunotoda kurapwa uye mumarabhoritari tsvakurudzo. Kana uchisarudza nzira vanachiremba nezvatinovavarira achinyanya murwere ezvinhu. Kuongorora chirwere zvinosanganisira:

1. Laboratory nemiedzo. Muvhiki rekutanga mushure chirwere yokuziva zvokurwara ingava pedyo bvunzo ropa. Mumakore akatevera vhiki mbiri, unogona kuziva chirwere kwakavakirwa migumisiro zvidzidzo zviri cerebrospinal mvura.

2. Serology. Chirwere kunosanganisira kushandisa enzayemu immunoassay, kana Rn, RNGA-, RTGA- uye DGC nemiedzo.

kurapa kungaitwa pane kwakajairika

Kurapa varwere uyo "akasangana" Vector pamusoro Japanese encephalitis hazvigoni dzaidzidziswa chiremba mumwe chete. The kurapa yaisanganisira zvinotapuriranwa, neurology uye resuscitators. Under mira ezvinhu murwere chinotarisirwa chaiyo immunoglobulin kana serum, 3 pamusoro nguva zuva rimwe kwevhiki rimwe kurapwa. Pamwe izvi nokuva symptomatic uye pathogenetic kurapa. Zviitwa izvi chinangwa kudzivirira chepfungwa edema, detoxification, normalization zvomukati zvose uye hurongwa.

The chikuru dambudziko iri kuti mushonga hazvibviri Japanese encephalitis. Mushonga anogona chete kubvisa zviratidzo. Saka zvinokosha zvikuru kuti nhomba mune nenguva nenzira.

Kudzivirira zvirwere

Kuti adzivise matenda inokosha chaizvo zvinoshingaira majekiseni anodzivirira vemo. Vaccination pamusoro Japanese encephalitis vane zita "formolvaktsina". Pusa chimbichimbi prophylaxis kunoreva kwokubatsira 6 Rine mamiririta uye 10 Rine mamiririta immunoglobulin hyperimmune equina serum.

Mukuwedzera, kudzivirira zvirwere - ndiwo dungwerungwe nzwisisika matanho kudzivirira umhutu kurwisa. The epidemiological nzvimbo njodzi inogona kurumbidzwa kushandisa anodzivirira zvipfeko. Fanira kushandiswa nomushonga wezvipembenene, nezvizoro kune bhurandi, kushandiswa matanho zvose kudzivisa Umhutu muimba yokutandarira.

Get nhomba pamusoro Japanese encephalitis muMoscow uve matunhu neminisiparati uye private zvokurapa masangano.

Kakawanda, munhu nhomba, "akaurayiwa" mushonga, saka hapana matambudziko mushure kubaya. Panguva imwe cheteyo, Zvinokurudzirwa kuti chiremba kana paiva neutachiona. Zvichida chitarisiko akatsvuka uye kuzvimba panguva jekiseni nzvimbo. Kuonekwe nemusoro, manyoka, kurwadziwa netsandanyama. Vamwe varwere chokunyunyuta pamusoro dzungu uye kuda kurutsa, chills, uye mapundu.

Majekiseni anodzivirira haina kuitwa pamberi zvinoverengeka zvinotapuriranwa munguva gestation uye lactation, kana inozivikanwa kuti murwere hypersensitivity kune heterologous mapuroteni, yakanyanya neutachiona.

Nhasi, pane 4 marudzi inokosha yokudzivirira pamusoro Japanese encephalitis:

• inactivated;
• kwakavakirwa masero mbeva uropi;
• inactivated kwakavakirwa Vero masero;
• recombinant mhenyu uye kurarama attenuated yokudzivirira.

The inonyanya kufarirwa mushonga SA14-14-2 akapfuura WHO kudzidzisazve uye dzikabereka mu China.

For vashanyi, kubaya rinoitwa, zvichienderana iyo nyika vari kuenda kuenda, uko ivo achararama, kumucheto kweguta kana muguta, nokuti yakareba sei, 1 vhiki, mwedzi kana gore.

Vaccination anogona kuitwa kuburikidza nezvirongwa maviri:

Vagari vane chikamu-nguva purazi, vanofanira nechokwadi kubaya mhuka, apo vari kukura. Nguruve vari anowanzodanwa kushandiswa "mhenyu" mushonga. Munzvimbo semhosva nzvimbo njodzi, zvinokurudzirwa kuti tiite nguva dzose kurapwa pamwe zvipembenene.