Islam: tsika, mapurani, mabhuku, tsika

The chitendero gotwe munyika - Islam. Culture vanhu vanozviti izvozvo, hunogara nezvokutenda muna Mwari mumwe, Allah, uye kuremekedza kuyeuka zvekare zvakapfuura. Musimboti Islam - iri kuchengetedza zvakanakisisa tsika nhaka yemadzitateguru avo uye kugara muganhu pamusoro Zvinorairwa Mohammed muna Koran.

Islam kunobatsira kuchengetedza tsika yenyika uye tsika nemagariro

The tsika Islam nyika pamwe kuratidza National zvechadenga emadzinza vanoti kutenda muna Allah. Izvi zvinonyatsooneka mune mabasa mabhuku uye uri vamiririri vanhu, kugamuchira Islam. Vose nebudiriro Islamic tsika nenzira imwe kana mumwe kwakabatana chitendero. Hakuna mumwe kunoshamisa mabasa mapurani kana mabhuku, vasingadi rikudzwe Allah uye muprofita wake Mohammed.

Modern Islamic budiriro asingadi kusiya nhoroondo yaro uye asingauyi kuedza nyorazve nayo, aendesa zvekare ari chiedza nani.. Fani iyi chitendero kupiwa. Islamic tsika pamusoro nguva handishanduki. Izvi zvingaitwa sei? Munyika yedu nematambudziko, kukanganisa uye nokuparadza dzakasiyana-siyana mumagariro uye zvoupfumi chinokosha munzvimbo dzinoitika anenge ose gore, uye zvizvarwa vanhu vachinje pamakore matatu, kana kwete kakawanda. Kutaura nemidzi vakarasika, kukanganwa tsika uye kufa. Kuti tinzwisise sei varambe munhu akazvimiririra marudzi avo Islam, zvakafanira tinyatsoziva nhaka yavo netsika, izvo zvinosanganisira mabhuku, mapurani uye omunyika tsika.

Kwakatangira Islamic tsika

Islam mumakore zana-shamisa muduku kupfuura chiKristu. Mugore 610, mumwe murume ainzi Mohammed wakaonekwa kupupura chishamiso. Aiva ngirozi huru Gabriel (Gabriel) uye akavhura mupumburu yokutanga Sura. Chiitiko ichi ndicho chikamu chikuru Islamic mazororo uye anonzi Laylat al-Qadr. ngirozi High akashanyira muporofita pamusoro chinotevera makumi maviri namaviri. Kusaziva kuverenga nokunyora Muhammad nenzira inoshamisa aiverenga magwaro yaMwari nemusoro uye akataura akanzwa shamwari dzako uye avo akanyorwa. Angel Mohammed akadzokorora zvose mashoko aMwari kuti rine Bhaibheri, kureva, Adam Testament mipumburu waAbhurahama, Torah, Mapisarema uye Evhangeri, uye akaudza New Message. Akati kuti ichi ndicho Revelation Divine - Mwari haangazodzingi tuma vanhu vaprofita dzavo. Zvino vose vachafa sezvinoita kukotsira, uye ipapo kumuka zvakare somunhu Muka, ipapo pakarepo anowana pamusoro dare waMwari, achaiswa akasarudza apo pakupedzisira - denga kusingaperi kana gehena husingaperi.

Kuti kutendeutsa kuna Islam, zvakakwana kuzivisa sezvaakaita muna Mwari mumwe, uyewo kuti Muhammad ndiye muporofita wokupedzisira. Pamberi pake waiva Musa (Moses), Isa (Jesu), uye vamwe vane mazita zvinochengeterwa muMagwaro. Kuramba huMwari Mohammed - zvose zvakafanana kuti kuramba kubva Kristu uye navaprofita Old Testament.

Sezvineiwo, vashumiri vekereke echiKristu kuramba kumirira kuuya kwechipiri kwaJesu uye vanoramba huMwari Mohammed. Panyaya iyi, isu vanoyeuka zvichiratidza F. M. Dostoevskogo, apo anonyora pamusoro anosuruvarisa kutapwa Kristu, kana iye vachadzoka zvakare kuvanhu. Islam inotora muprofita wechokwadi Isa uye anotenda kuti dzidziso dzake dzakanga zvikuru akavhiringika uye kushandiswa nenhengo Church yaKristu haasi kubatsira vanhu uye kuita mabasa akawanda kudaro vasingadi Mwari. Ichi ndicho chokwadi - Gospel yechiKristu zvakakopwa nguva zhinji, akashandurirwa mumitauro, uye ivo, akavapindurawo, dzose kushandurwa. Somugumisiro, yazvino rugwaro zvakaoma kutarisira kutanga rakavimbika. Kana uchida kuziva zvakawanda pamusoro nzira chokwadi chaKristu yakazara ndiyo yakanakisisa chinhu - ndiko kudzidza Arabic uye kuverenga Koran.

In kururamisira zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti Islam, uye kwete zvose zvakakwana pachaenzaniswa. The Islamic nyika, zvinosuruvarisa hakusi vakakwana. Dissociation pakati vechiMuslim kufanana dissociation pakati vamiririri chero chitendero munyika. Most dzenzvimbo zvikuru Islam - a Sunni, Shiites uye Kharijites. Kusawirirana pakati pavo akaratidza mambakwedza yomumwe Islam uye zvakaguma zvinotevera: chokutanga, Sunnis, mirawo akabvuma mashoko Zvakazarurwa, rakanyorwa imwe Mohammed Zaid ibn Sabit (chinyorwa ichi anonzi akafuridzirwa); Chechipiri, kuti Shiites vakasimbirira kuti Halif Osman yakabva akafuridzirwa shanduro acho; Chechitatu, Kharijites, vaidavira kuti Sura 12 inofanira kubviswa, sezvo rondedzero wo zvoufuza kuti mukadzi waPotifari muEgipita makurukota nekutsausa Joseph.

Ledger vaMuslim

Vakawanda uchida ongororo yakasimbisa chokwadi Korani mubhuku rino sezvo zvakazarurwa naMwari, kana sezvo panodamwa vaMuslim, Allah.

Sezvineiwo, mamwe mashoko pamusoro murume ano uye vanhu, dzakapiwa Korani, kwenguva refu akanga asina zvakajeka kuverenga. Zvazvinoreva zvakajeka chete pamusoro nguva. Mune Korani, zvakanzi taitarisira dzimwe zvinowanikwa nesayenzi kuti vakaita kare zana apfuura. Vaongorori vanoti mashoko huri mubhuku rino, nguva zhinji kupfuura padanho ruzivo, raiva nemakore kunyora ake.

The yose Islamic mabhuku akasungirirwa Korani uye azere nezvemakwikwi magwaro matsvene. Isu vokuEurope tiri vaKristu, vakaona munhu bigot kana munyengeri munhu anotaurwa pakukurukurirana vhangeri, uye nyaya emunyori, nowenyika mufananidzo Gospel, funga plagiarism. Kwete mukana, Jesu akati kuti kudzidzisa kwake ari akavhiringika uye vanhu kuunza nokusabatana uye kuvengana, zita rake richava kuita zvakaipa, uye chechi yechiKristu inotangwa muapostora uyo panguva upenyu hweMuponesi katatu aizomupandukira. Islam -. Chitendero, kubatanidza vanhu, uye Koran ndiwo mutemo inokosha yakadaro vapfumi uye yakabudirira nyika yakaita Saudi Arabia, mune Emirates ose Persian Gulf, uyewo Libya, Pakistan, Iran, Iraq, Sudan nevamwe Moral dzemunharaunda zvakanyorwa imomo uye vatsvene Allah, mune nokururama zvose, uchenjeri uye simba rokuchinja vanhu akasimba zvikuru kupfuura dzemunharaunda rokunyika emitemo. Iri ndiro mhedziso magweta pamwe mukana kuenzanisa kubudirira mumutemo wenyika kwechiIslam States chete mamiriro ezvinhu kuitika dzimwe nyika.

Usiku Power. Eid al-Fitr

mazororo All Islamic zvine chokuita nechitendero. Usiku Power ndiwo chinokosha munhoroondo vaMuslim, kana ngirozi huru Gabriel akaratidza Muhammad mupumburu wokutanga. It vakapemberera chiitiko ichi muna yechi27 usiku Ramadan. Muvhiki mazuva gumi, vaMuslim kunyengetera zvikuru nomwoyo wose, ndichikumbira Mwari kuti kukanganwirwa. Post, akadana Ramadan, anosvika kuguma zororo guru - Eid al-Adha, apo vatendi vanokukwazisai mumwe uye norupo vachipa panze zvipo uye mari kune vanoshaya. Ramadan anotora nzvimbo mumwedzi yezhizha.

Chibayiro. Eid al-Adha

Wechipiri unokosha kuti vaMuslim zororo chokuita chibayiro Ibrahim. It rinopembererwa pashure pemazuva 70 mushure Eid al-Adha. On nhasi, vaMuslim vanofara kuti Allah Ibrahim akaratidza simba kutenda kwavo uye kwakakwana kuzviisa pasi pokuda kwake. Allah akagamuchira kuzvininipisa kwake uye aparadza chibayiro kwevanhu uye akakomborerwa kuberekwa mwanakomana wake. Nyaya iyi iri, muTestamende Yakare, iro rinosimbisa kubatana pakati zviito pamusoro munharaunda Russia maviri zvitendero zvenyika, iro ndizvo chiKristu uye Islam. Culture of zvitendero vaviri fananei, kunyanya kuoneka kana toreva Vatakuri nokutenda tsika uye tsika dzokutevedzera, uyewo pezvakaitwa socio-enyika kuitika mukati munyika uye kunze.

mutauro Arabic - music akanyorwa manyorero

Kusiyana Bible Christian, Koran rinomiririra Peji, izvo rugwaro haina kushanduka kubva norunyoro rwokutanga. Mutauro Arabic kunobvira uye kunyange zvichidiwa kudzidza magwaro. Izvi zvinoitwa rose. Ndizvo Islam - chitendero netsika hazvigoni kuparadzaniswa mumwe. Fine, stringy, huro uye mutauro mimhanzi chaizvo sokunge chisikigo pachacho akasikwa kuverenga minyengetero. Haasi akavhiringika Americanisms kana zvimwe Newspeak. Slim uye chakanaka ligature tsamba Arabic, zvikuru kufanana kwounyanzvi - a kushongedzwa wakanaka menyika. Image tsamba pamusoro tsamba - zvino kurarama uri calligraphy, izvo kudada Islam. The tsika nyika dzokuEurope ose gore anova vachiwedzera nokudenga, kwete kutaura chinyakare - muzvikoro yechipiri kare chabvisa wachi iri yokuvira manyorero, pavanoteka uye kupenda vakarambawo sechisingabatsiri. Uye ichi panguva apo Arab nyika, sectors zvose vemo vanodzidziswa mutauro womunyika Koran. Kudzidza chizvarwa arufabheti, akachengetwa uye mitemo yenyika yavo, izvo nevanhu vose. Kusiyaniswa kusvika rinongoshandisirwa mari yaidikanwa mipiro - murombo kwazvo vasingachafaniri kwavari, ukuwo akapfuma mari kuwedzera mari. Tinokumbira ichi mberi mitero uye hope rimwe zuva rakadaro hurongwa zvinoshanda, uye munyika yedu.

The arufabheti Arabic mabhii 28 uye ina dzakasiyana yokunyora nerimwe, mukuwedzera, munhu wacho mabhii vanozivikanwa nzvanyira. Yakanaka zvikuru Kutarira ligatures kureva munhu mashoko kana mubatanidzwa tsamba. Ivo anoshandiswa sezvo kushongedzwa zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana.

Zvinonzi vechiIslam nebudiriro tichikufunga ndokudzinga muKristu. Zvakaoma nharo chinhu.

misiyano Anowanikwa Islamic tsika

Zvimwe zvaiitwa Islamic tsika sezvinoshamisa uye kwete zvachose zvakaringana, asi tinofanira kurangarira kuti zvakaoma kunzwisisa - hakurevi zvakaipa. It chokuita ukama pakati pavanhu uye netsika kuroorana, nzira manzwiro, uye zvichingodaro. D. The Korani rinoti kuti vanhu vose vakaenzana sezvinoita mazino, uye hapana musiyano pakati ane Arab neasiri Arab, chena kana dema. All - varume navakadzi, vanhu uye marudzi - vanofanira kuedza kunzwisisa mumwe uye edza kuita zvakanaka mumwe nomumwe.

Islamic tsika kudada zvikuru Monuments of mapurani. It mosques, mausoleums, mizinda, nhare, dzokugezera, etc. yavo nevamwe chinhu -. Ornate uye akatunhidzwa mifananidzo calligraphic akanyorwa, mashizha uye maruva. All zvivako zvinochengetwa spotlessly yakachena. mutauro wavo, tsika, dzinza, chisingaoneki makomborero, uye pfuma vaMuslim kuonesesa sezvo kukosha, iri chakasvitswa nevanhu Allah kuti achengeteke. Izvi zvinonzi Amanat. Uye kuti sei zvakadaro zvinorumbidza zvinhu nyaradzo uye kuchena Islam. The tsika chitendero ichi inobhadhara mutero kunaka akasika nemaoko evanhu kuti kubwinya Allah uye nemakomborero ake.

Mosque - huru chivakwa kutenda Muslim. Pano vatendi vanamate Allah. The mosques ndiwo munamato zvakafanana, verenga mharidzo, vakatendeka vanoungana pano kugadzirisa nyaya inokosha. Mosques pane nguva dzose chikoro apo vanoshuva kudzidza Arabic.

The kunozivikanwa Rudo nyaya

Achitaura pamusoro Islamic tsika, hatikwanise yakakurumbira Taj Mahal uye akabatanidza nhoroondo. mausoleum ichi, kana yamambo-guva, Sultan yakavakwa Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan pakuyeuka wake Mumtaz Mahal, waaida rudo naMwari nokusingaperi. Zvizvarwa Tamerlane, yakavakwa uye nezvimwe zvivako, zvinoshamisa fungidziro muumbozha zvakashandiswa uye kunzwisisa magadzirirwo, siya munyori ruzivo uye wenhoroondo rechi17 Inayatullah Canby. Aiva yakakura kupfuura zvachose Mughal youmambo, "Behar-e Danesh." About Shah Jahan mubhuku "Tarikh-e delgusha" ave mutongi, akaisa umambo huru vatarisana zvemari akawisa. Chikonzero chiri kwete kutambisa hwomutambarakede hombe, asiwo vazhinji vakatadza rutsigiro rwemauto umo Shah akaenda, kuwana nyaradzo wakakwana. Pamwe naye nguva dzose vakaenda madzimai ake akawanda uye nevarongo. Vakadzi vose navana vadzoka kubva mushandirapamwe mupenyu. Mumtaz Mahal akafawo pakusununguka, kana pamwe neuto murume. Yakanga mwana wake yechi14 avo vasina kufa pakarepo pashure pokuberekwa. Akanga ane mimba uye akabereka vana nguva dzose anenge ose gore. Constant pamuviri kuti kwakaitika isati zvakaitika nguva yokuti kumwedzi - chiratidzo kuti mukadzi ari akachena sezuva rinopenya chena machena iro mausoleum yakaitwa. Uye rufu pakusununguka anoonekwa kuti zvakanaka navakadzi uye chiratidzo utsvene. In Islam, vakadzi vanogona rakakamurwa kuchena. Mumtaz Mahal yose muchato wake Shah akanga akachena uye akanga afa pakusununguka, panguva yaakanga yafambira.

Taj Mahal

The Taj Mahal rakavakwa makore makumi maviri. The yamambo iri kwazvo. White zuva, pane zuva uye sunset, zvinova Pink, uye usiku moonlit anoita dzakaumbwa sirivha. Cold ngachipenye nesimbi kunooneka mvura yedziva namatsime. Pasina wemagetsi chiedza Chinokonzera kunzwa wokuzvidzora tsime Kupenya kuti vakaberekwa kumeso masvingo rechivako. Ndivo ehupfumi ari zvisingawanzoitiki mhando machena, akauya kubva Rajasthan, riri makiromita mazana matatu kubva panzvimbo.

The mausoleum zvinosanganisira wandei okunze - neKijuni pamwe namarinda Khan wake, vaviri mosques uye paki ine machena dziva.

Taj Mahal musanganiswa Indian, Persian uye Arabic mapurani zvekunyanyisa. Zvinonzi yaakaita Mhedziso symmetry. Unyanzvi ezvivako akazvironga kuti kana ukatarira akasiyana pamakona Palace ndine anonakidza Manyiminya migumisiro.

Islam rinorambidza inoratidza mhuka uye vanhu. Dzakaonda uye akatunhidzwa mapatani rokufukidza Slabs machena, muri vanodhirowa maruva uye mashizha, uyewo atakatora kubva Koran.

Nokuti mukati uye kunze kwemasvingo uye decoration zvinhu zvinoshandiswa Semi-anokosha uye anokosha - mune ibwe rerubhi, malachite, tekoizi, nejedhi, neagati uye nevamwe. Maererano nokumwe kufungidzira, 28 chete marudzi.

Mutariri weimba vakashandisa vemifananidzo vanopfuura zviuru makumi maviri kubva kumativi ose Mughal Empire. Vanotaura vanoti murongedzeri pakupera basa ramaoko kudimburwa kure, zvokuti haana kusika zvimwe akakwana. Kana ichi ichokwadi kana kuti kwete Zvakaoma kutaura. Kana uchifunga nezvazvo, kuvakwa Taj Mahal pamwe yakadaro yakakwirira zvinhu mari, uye ichi pamusoro colour nenzara, riri anenge ose gore dzemotokari mamiriyoni maIndia, ipapo kutaura chii angadai akaita chiito chisimba Khan kana kwete, hazvina musoro. Kuti pane chimwe chete nyaya kuti akauraya vose hama, vakanga vamire panzira yake mukuru simba. Zvisinei, munguva yokukwegura, uye iye pachake akanga akabviswa pachigaro choumambo. Mumwe wevanakomana vake kuenda nenzira yababa vake nokuuraya vana vababa vake vose uye remanded vasungwe Khan Jahan.

Taj Mahal zvakafanana zvikuru neguva Khan Jahan sekuru - the Sultan Humayun, izvo 1570 akavaka Sultan kuti chirikadzi.

Pari Taj Mahal ndeimwe zvinoshamisa munyika uye runochengetedzwa UNESCO, asi nguva uye kukanganiswa kuchinja kwemamiriro okunze vakaisa mumuzinda zvakaoma pasi kutyisidzira kuparadzwa. Marble anorasikirwa yakachenesesa nheyo sags - makatsemuka.

The kusangana pamusoro Islamic tsika munyika isiri Muslim

Pari, vechiIslam nyika chapararira vose makondinendi Pasi. Izvi rinosimbisa ukoshi Magwaro, panoti Mohammed akauya panyika kuti aponese vanhu vose pasina kuparadzana norudzi uye chitendero, apo Mosesi - chete kuvaJudha, asi Kristu - vahedheni. To musi, vaMuslim funga pachavo kota vepasi, uye nhamba yavo iri kuwedzera. MuEurope, zvichiitika nokuda yokutama kwevanhu vanobva munyika South Asian. With inoenzanirana chete, kana kwete nokukurumidza, Islamic tsika anokunda US, asi kwete tichiregeredza kwemahofisi - vakawanda veko vanouya chechi uye kumbira chikomborero Muftis, achida kuzvipira kuti vabatane akanaka uye anonzwisisa nokutenda. Modern Islam - chitendero norugare uye mutsa. Zvinosuruvarisa kuti vamwe vamiririri vayo hedu kana nokusaziva vakakanda mumvuri pamusoro chitendero uye vanhu vanoita izvozvo. Hazvina zvakanaka. Nokuti mamwe mamiriro ezvinhu umo kwaisanganisira boka duku revanhu, haufaniri kupindura vose vaMuslim. Izvi zvakafanana kuti vaKristu mhosva ropa muHondo uye Raibvunzurudza, iyo kwakaitika yeMiddle Ages, apo Islam, panzira, rakanga kuchangotanga.