Information resource - chii ichocho? Kushandisa nhepfenyuro yemashoko

Ruzivo runogona kubva kune chero kupi zvako-mharidzo, blogs, ruzivo rwomunhu oga, mabhuku, magazini uye mapepa emapepanhau, mazano enyanzvi, encyclopedias uye kunyange nzvimbo dzinokuvaraidza. Chimwe nechimwe chezvinhu izvi chinogona kutsanangurwa sehunyanzvi remashoko.

Chii chinonzi ruzivo? Iyi ihudziro yatinoedza kuwana semhinduro kumibvunzo yedu. Mhinduro yemhinduro yacho ichasiyana zvichienderana nemubvunzo watakabvunza. Kushandiswa kwezvizivo zvehupfumi ikozvino kuwedzerwa kuendeswa kuInternet, iyo yakasikwa. Ndezvipi zvinyorwa zvemashoko zvinoshandiswa kakawanda?

Nyaya

Iyo magazini inounganidza nyaya uye mifananidzo pamisoro yakasiyana-siyana yakakurumbira, pamwe nekuratidzwa kwezviitiko zvezvino. Sezvo mutemo, nyaya idzi dzakanyorwa nevanyori venhau kana masayendisiti uye inotarisirwa nehuwandu hwevanhu vakuru. Ndeapi magwaro angashandiswa?

• Kuti uwane ruzivo kana maonero pamusoro pechitendero chakakurumbira;
• Kuti uwane zvinyorwa zvitsva zve-up-to-date nezvezvinoitika zvino;
• Verenga nyaya dzakawanda dzevanhu vasingati vadzidzisi panyaya iyi.

Magazini anogona kuvhara zvinhu zvakakomba zvikuru uye ane unyanzvi hwakanyanya. Pasinei nokuti chokwadi chekuwana ruzivo rwemhando iyi yakasununguka kune munhu wose, ivo vanowanzowanzofarira kune rimwe boka revanhu. Magazini yakadaro ingano yezvinyorwa zvakanyorwa, sekutonga, nevasayendisiti mune zvidzidzo kana masayendisiti. Dare rehurukuro rinodzokorora nhaurwa kuti dzisarudze kana dzinofanirwa kugamuchirwa. Zvinyorwa mumagazini zvinogona kuvhara nyaya dzakanyanyisa kana nzvimbo dzisinganyatso kutsvakurudza. Ruzivo rwemashoko akadaro (iyo iri shoma shoma yebasa, haifaniri kutsanangurwa) inogona kushandiswa:

• Pakuita tsvakurudzo yesayenzi;
• Kuti uwane izvo zvakadzidzwa pane imwe nyaya;
• Kuti uwane zvitubu zvinoratidza kune zvimwe zvidzidzo zvakakosha panyaya iyi.

Database

Dhavhidha ine zvinyorwa zvinyorwa kubva mumagazini mumagazini nemapepanhau. Zvinogonawo kuva nehukama kune podcasts, blogs, mavhidhiyo uye mamwe marudzi ehupfumi. Zvimwe zvinyorwa zvine zvinyorwa kana zvinyorwa zvishomanana zvezvinyorwa, asi mamwe ane magwaro akazara. Parizvino vanotaridzika semashandisirwe emagetsi ehurumende uye anogona kushandiswa kutsvaga ruzivo rwemashoko makuru uye anokosha zvikuru.

Newspapers

Pepanhau iyi iunganidza zvinyorwa pamusoro pezvinoitika, zvinowanzobudiswa zuva rega rega. Sezvo dzichibudiswa imwe chete muguta rimwe nerimwe, iyi ndiyo inonyanya kukoshesa ruzivo rwemunharaunda. Chii chinyorwa ichi sechikonzero chemashoko? Saka, inobatsira:

• Kuti uwane zveruzivo-kusvika-zuva pamusoro pezviitiko zvepasi rose, zvenyika uye zvepanyika;
• Tsvaga zvinyorwa zvehurukuro, zvinyorwa, nyanzvi kana maonero anozivikanwa.

Catalogs

Makorikisti akarongeka zvirongwa zvemashoko nemichina, umo chimwe nechimwe chine zita uye chinogona kuwanikwa nemazita akanyorwa mazita. Bhuku racho richaratidza nzvimbo yeimwe nzvimbo kana kuti boka rezvinyorwa zvehurukuro yako. Vanogona kubatsira:

• Tsvaga kuti mabhii kana kuti webhupu yako ndeyepi pamusoro wako (nhasi mabhuku emagetsi anowanika, naizvozvo, mabhuku matsamba mazuva ano ndeyezviwanikwa zveInternet);
• Tsvaga kuti chii chimwe chinhu chiri muraibhurari.

Mabhuku

Mabhuku anovhara chero chinangwa chero chipi zvacho uye anogona kunge ari masayenzi uye unyanzvi. Nokuda kwezvinangwa zvekutsvakurudza, iwe uchada mabhuku anogadzira zvese zvese pane imwe nyaya (kutsigira rondedzero chaiyo kana kududzirwa). Mukuwedzera, mabhuku ndiyo yakawanda inodzidziswa zvidzidzo zvezvinhu zvose zviri paIndaneti uye pasina. Izvo zvinodiwa:

• Paunotsvaka ruzivo rwakanyanya rwehurukuro imwe;
• Kuenzanisa nheyo chaiyo mumamiriro ekutenderera nezvimwe nyaya dzinokosha;
• Tsvaga ruzivo rwezvakaitika kare;
• Tsvaga mhedziso dzakasiyana-siyana nemigumisiro yekutsvaga.

Encyclopedia

Encyclopedias inounganidza zvinyorwa zvishomanana zvechokwadi, zvinowanzo kunyorwa nevatori vechikamu vakasiyana-siyana vanoziva zvakanyanya mune imwe nyaya.

Kune mhando mbiri dze encyclopedias: general and thematic. General reference mabhuku anopa mhedziso shomanana pane zvakasiyana-siyana nyaya. Nyaya encyclopedias ine zvinyorwa-zvakadzika zvekutarisa mune imwe nzvimbo yekutsvakurudza. Zvinoshandiswa:

• Paunotsvaga ruzivo rwemashoko pamusoro pehurukuro;
• Paunoedza kutsvaga pfungwa huru, mazuva anokosha kana pfungwa.

Websites

Nenzira iyi inokubvumira kuti uwane mavara akawanda emashoko paInternet kuburikidza ne browser. Chimwe chezvinhu zvikuru zvehutano ndiko kukwanisa kukurumidza kusangana kune imwe nzvimbo inowanikwa ruzivo rwakakosha. Iyo yehutachi yehurongwa ine ruzivo mune mamwe maitiro, kuwedzera pamashoko akajeka, kusanganisira mifananidzo, mifananidzo nemavhidhiyo. Nokudaro, nzvimbo, sezvinodiwa nemichina yeInternet, inogona kuva nemhando dzakasiyana uye dzinodiwa ku:

• Tsvaga ruzivo rwechokwadi;
• Wana ruzivo pamusoro pechinhu chakasiyana;
• Kudzidza nyanzvi uye maonero anozivikanwa pamisoro dzakasiyana;
• Kuita zvinokuvaraidza uye kuwana zvido zvako.

Saka, unogona kuona kuti ruzivo uye ruzivo rwekushandisa zvinoshandiswa kakawanda paInternet mazuva ano. Chikonzero cheizvi kukurudzirwa kweWorld Wide Web, asi zvave zvakadaro kare?

Nhoroondo yekuvandudzwa kweIndaneti zvigadzirwa

Izwi remashoko ekutsvaga pamusangano rakashandurwa munguva yehupenyu hweWebhu kutsvaga, kutanga nemashoko ekutanga ezvinyorwa zvinyorwa zvinyorwa kana mafaira. Parizvino, pfungwa iyi inosanganisira imwe nzvimbo inogona kuonekwa, ine zita nekero paInternet kana mune chero network network.

Ruzivo rwenzira - chinangwa ichi chinorevei pakutanga kwekuvandudzwa kweNetaneti?

Pakutanga kwekusimbiswa kwenzvimbo yacho (1990-1994), tsanangudzo yakadaro yakanga isati yavapo. Nzvimbo dzakakonzerwa paWebhu sezvinhu zvakanyanya kana zvisingatauriki zvisingataurikiki, zvikurukuru nenzira yefaira uye zvinyorwa zvinoshandiswa nekushandiswa kweyunifomu nzvimbo nzvimbo (URLs). A web resource inotsanangurwa zvachose sechinhu chinogona kuonekwa. Chiziviso chakaitwa nenzira mbiri: nekupa mazita uye aderesi, iyo yekupedzisira inongobva chete pamutemo. Panguva iyoyo, kuonekwa kwechinhu chiri muRI, URL neRN yakanga isati yamboonekwa semashoko ekudzidzira mune fomu remazuva ano.

Nekuvandudzwa kwemichina yeInternet pakupera kwa1990, ruzivo rwekushandisa mumutambo rwakanzi zvose zvinenge zvichinyatsozivikanwa. Iyi pfungwa yaisanganisira rugwaro rwemagetsi, chifananidzo, basa (somuenzaniso, iri paIndaneti yekufananidzira), uyewo imwe nzira yezvimwe zvinhu. Nokudaro, ruzivo runogona kuramba ruchiripo kunyange kana zvarinoreva zvichishandurwa pane nguva, kunze kwekuti mapikicha ekufungidzira haashanduri mukugadzirisa.

RDF mafomu

Kutanga yakabudiswa muna 1999, RDF yakagadzirirwa kurondedzera zvidzidzo, mune mamwe mazwi, nzira yekubatanidza masadata emhando nenzira yakasarudzika. Tsanangudzo yeRFF inoshandiswa nechetatu (nyaya, chirevo, chinangwa) apo nyaya yacho inomiririra mhando inofanira kurondedzerwa, kureva kuti chirevo chimiro cheimba inobatanidza icho icho chinyorwa uye chinhu chiri boka re data kana musoro wezvidzidzo .

Nhepfenyuro yacho pachayo inofungidzirwa senyanzvi uye inozivikanwa neRI. Nokudaro, zvinhu zvakadai se "musoro" uye "munyori" zvinomiririrwa muR RDF semari inogona kushandiswa zvakare (semusoro wevamwe vatatu). Kubva pane iyi nheyo, dzakadaro DHS dictionaries se RDFS, OWL ne SKOS dzichaunganidza tsanangudzo dzezvinyorwa zvinyorwa - makirasi avo, dzimba, pfungwa, nezvimwe, izvo zvakatsanangurwa muRI.

RDF inotaura zvakare kududziro yemamwe mazita asina kuzivikanwa kana kuti node dzisina chinhu dzisina kukonzerwa neRI.

Kushandisa HTTP URI

Ma URL, kunyanya HTTP URIs, anowanzoshandiswa kuzivisa zvinyorwa zvinyorwa zvemhando. Sezvo URIs yakadaro inosanganiswa ne prototi yeHTTP, mubvunzo wakamuka pamusoro pemhando ipi yekuvhenekera inofanira kuwanikwa nekuda kwezvinhu zvakadai kuburikidza neyi protocol kushandisa web browser uye kana saratani ye URI pachayo inogona kubatsira kusiyanisa pakati pe "abstract" uye "ruzivo" ruzivo? Izwi reRI haritauri chero mhinduro kumubvunzo uyu. Izvo zvakarongedzwa kuti HTTP URI inotarisirwa kuzivisa zvinyorwa mumutauro wepakutanga - somuenzaniso, faira, zvinyorwa, kana chero rudzi rwezvakadanwa ruzivo rwemashoko rinofanira kunge rine izwi guru muzita rayo.

Mashoko anokonzerwa sei kune zvinyorwa?

Dzidzo yehuwandu hwehuchenjeri (uye nevamwe vakawandawo) inoshanda pane ruzivo rwekunze kana mukati.

Nzivo yekunze ndeye data yakagamuchirwa kunze kwechimwe chinhu uye inowanikwa kune yose, pasi rose. Ruzivo rwakadaro runogona kunge rusina kukwana uye runopesana. Somuenzaniso, unogona kupa ruzivo pamusoro pemamiriro emisika, pamakwikwi munzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana dzebhizimisi, pamhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzekutengesa nezvimwe zvakadaro.

Ruzivo rwekunze runogona kuwanikwa kubva mumamiriro ezvinhu akadai se:

• Mass media - magazini pane dzimwe nyaya, mawebsite, mapepanhau nezvimwe zvakadaro.
• Mashoko akasiyana-siyana pamusoro pehurukuro chaiyo - somuenzaniso, ruzivo rwezvehupfumi pamusoro pekushandurwa kwemari uye nyika yemakethe yemari yekunze kune imwe nzvimbo paIndaneti.
• Ruzivo rwakananga - nhasi nokuda kwekugamuchira kwayo kushandisa maIndaneti kutsvaga injini kana mabhuku akasiyana-siyana.
• Mashoko kubva kumasangano ehurumende - mutemo nezvimwe zvakadaro.

Ruzivo rwemukati ndiro data yakagadzirwa mukati me sangano kana chinhu. Izvi zvinogona kusanganisira, semuenzaniso, ruzivo pamusoro pekuwanikwa kwemari nemari mune sangano. Mumwe muenzaniso we data yakadai inogona kushanda sechirudzi chakafanana chekati mukati uye kuverenga.