Icho chirevo chekugadzirisa kwaGalileo senheyo yechinyorwa chekuwirirana kweEinstein

Nheyo yekusiyanana , yakaratidzwa kudare rezvesayenzi pakutanga kwezana remakore rapfuura , yakabudisa manzwiro chaiwo. Munyori waro, A. Einstein, akatsanangura mazano makuru ekutsvakurudza kwemakore kwemakore anouya. Zvisinei, usakanganwa kuti musayendisiti weGermany mumabasa ake akashandisa zvakawanda zvakaitwa nevatungamiri vake, kusanganisira yakakurumbira chirevo chekuwirirana kweGalileo - nyanzvi yekuzivikanwa yeItaly.

Chimwe chikamu chikuru chehupenyu hwake muSayanisi wezvenzvipira akazvipira pakudzidza kwe mechanics, kuva mumwe wevadzidzisi vechikamu ichochi chefizikiki sechinematics. Zvakaitwa naGalileo zvakamubvumira kuti asvike pakuona kuti hapana misiyano yakakura mumatunhu ezororo uye kufanana kwekufananidzwa - zvose zvinoreva kuti ndeapi nheyo yekutaridzirwa ichagamuchirwa. Nyanzvi inozivikanwa inyanzvi yakaratidza kuti mitemo yemagetsi haigoni kwete kune imwe yakasarudzwa kurongeka, asi kune zvese zvese. Iyi nheyo yakaburitswa munhoroondo seyiyo yekugadzirisa kwaGalileo, uye maitiro akatanga kutumidzwa kuti inertial.

Zvidzidzo zvake zvedzidzo musayendisiti anofara akasimbisa mienzaniso yakawanda kubva muupenyu. Kunyanya kufarirwa kwaiva muenzaniso pamwe nebhuku riri muareka: munyaya iyi, maererano nechombo chairo, ichizorora, uye chakaenzana nemucherecheri pamahombekombe, inofamba. Izwi reGalirea rinosimbisa chinzvimbo chake kuti hapana musiyano pakati pe rugare nekufamba.

Izwi reGalileo rezvinyorwa zvakaitwa nenzira iyi rakabudisa furore chaiyo pakati pevanhu venguva yake. Chinhu chacho ndechokuti kusati kwatanga kushandiswa kwemasayendisiti weItaly, munhu wose aive nechokwadi chokuti dzidziso dzechiGiriki wekare wechiGiriki Ptolemy, uyo akatsigira kuti pasi ndiyo muviri usina kusimba, pamusoro pekufamba kwezvimwe zvinhu zviri kuitika. Galileo akaparadza pfungwa iyi, achizarura zvitsva pamberi pesainzi.

Panguva imwecheteyo, hazvibviri kuronga nenzira ipi zvayo kana chirevo chekuwirirana kweGalileo, kana mutemo weinertia. Shure kwezvose, zvichibva pakugadzirisa uku, tinogona kugumisa kuti zvose izvi zvigaro zvinoshanda kwezvinhu zvose zvinomhanya nekukura pakati pemiti, asi izvi hazvisi izvo. Nhanho yekutanga kubva pane dzidziso dzeGalileo-Newton kuenda kunheyo yekuwirirana ndeyekusimbiswa kweGauss, Gerber na Weber nheyo dzezvinyorwa zvechiitiko, iyo yainzi "kunonoka kwekugona."

Uyewo Galileo kana Newton, kuburikidza nehutano hwakadaro huri ruzivo, ungatofunga kuti kana kukurumidza kwomuviri kunosvika kumhanya kwechiedza, mitemo ye inertia inongogumira kushanda. Uye, kazhinji, gwaro reGalileo rekuwirirana rakanaka chete nokuda kwezvinhu izvi zvinoumba miviri miviri, kureva, kukanganisa kwezvimwe zvinhu uye zviitiko pavari hazvina basa zvokuti vanogona kuregererwa. Kufambisa mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro (muenzaniso ndiyo kuenderera kwePasi kwakapoteredza Sun) yakazonzi yakakwana, dzimwe dzose kufamba kunonzi hama.