Hwepurotoni uremu

Kamwe Zvaidavirwa kuti zviduku chairema sechivako chero pfuma - morekuru. Zvadaro, nokugadzirwa zvikuru simba nemaikorosikopu, vanhu vakashamiswa kuona pfungwa atomu - samolecular ematongerwo inoramba. Zvaizoratidza sokuti ndoda? Zvichakadai, kunyange pashure wakaratidza kuti atomu uyewo une madiki zvinhu.

Pakutanga yefizikisi remakore rechi20 British Rutherford Ernest akazarura pamberi mabhomba nuclei - musimboti zvivako, kuti nguva kwakaratidza kutanga mutsara kusingaperi matongo pamusoro STRUCTURAL che duku chairema nyaya.

To zuva, tinotevedzera muenzaniso renyukireya pamusoro mabhomba mamiriro , uye nokuda zveBhaibheri zvakawanda, zvinozivikanwa kuti atomu rine neerekitironi, icho takapoteredzwa Erekitironi gore. The Zvinoumba "gore" akadaro - maerekitironi kana zvokutanga nezvimedu ane kunaka mutariri. The Kuronga chinoumba nekusiyana, unotora nezvimedu ane electrically zvakanaka kupomera kugamuchirwa protons zita. Nechekare ambotaurwa pamusoro apa, yefizikisi yeBritain akakwanisa kuchengeta uye zvadaro kurondedzera chiitiko ichi. Muna 1919, iye aiitisa kumwe kuedza, rwaiumbwa pakuti Arifa nezvimedu akagogodza rehydrogen nuclei pakati nuclei vamwe zvinhu. Saka, zvinokwanisika here kuziva uye kuratidza kuti protons - kwete kungova musimboti wenyika hydrogen atomu pasina rimwe Erekitironi. Mazuva Physics protons zvinoratidzwa chiratidzo S. kana S. + (zvinoreva zvakanaka mutariri).

Purotoni nechiGiriki rinoreva "wokutanga guru" - ane zvokutanga PARTICIPLE, ane chokuita mukirasi baryons, kureva vashoma rinorema zvokutanga inoramba. Chinomirira hwega chimiro, ayo hwose kunopfuura 2,9 x 10 (29) Makore.

Kutaura zvazviri, kunze Purotoni, maatomu musimboti rinewo neutrons, izvo, inobva zita, neutrally mhosva. Vaviri zvinhu izvi zvinonzi nucleons.

The vakawanda Purotoni, nemhaka ezvinhu pachena, nguva refu kugona kuyerwa. Zvino tinoziva kuti

MP = 1,67262 ∙ 10-27 makirogiramu.

Saka anotsvaka uye zororo guru Purotoni.

We funga zvino zvatichakurukura kuti manzwisisiro zvakasiyana Purotoni vakawanda wefizikisi.

The vakawanda nezvimedu mukati wefizikisi yenyukireya zvinowanzoda zvakasiyana maonero, ndiko chairema chiyero amu

Amu - mabhomba guru chikwata. One amu akaenzana 1/12 mukanyiwa ane kabhoni atomu, izvo zvakaenzana kune vakawanda nhamba 12. Saka, 1 mabhomba guru chikwata akaenzana 1,66057 · 10-27 makirogiramu.

hwepurotoni guru, saka, sezvinotevera:

MP = 1,007276 pamwe. e. m.

Pane imwe nzira yokuratidza mukanyiwa of chokwadi mhosva inoramba ichishandisa zviumbu siyana akaenzana. Kuti aite izvi, kutanga unofanira kusakoshesa yokuenzana kwezvinhu zvakawanda uye simba E = mc2. Apo munenge - kumhanya chiedza, uye pamwe M - body mass.

hwepurotoni gobvu muchiitiko ichi chichange kuyerwa mu megaelectronvolts kana BSN. chikwata ichi nechiyero unoshandiswa chete muna wefizikisi renyukireya uye renyukireya uye anoshanda kuyera simba kuti kunodikanwa kuti kuchinjwa ari PARTICIPLE pakati mbiri dzinokosha dziri electrostatic mumunda. With ezvinhu kuti zvinogona musiyano pakati pfungwa idzi akaenzana 1 Volt.

Nokudaro, vakapiwa kuti 1 amu = 931,494829533852 BSN hwepurotoni gobvu ndiro anenge

MP = 938 BSN.

mhedziso iyi rave vakawana pahwaro vakawanda-spectroscopic kuyerwa uye kuti kurema muchimiro umo zviri pamusoro apa, uye anonziwo E nergiey hwepurotoni zororo.

Nokudaro, kufunga zvinodiwa kuedza, uremu duku PARTICIPLE inogona varehwa siyana tsika matatu, akasiyana muzvikamu zvitatu.

Mukuwedzera, Purotoni mukanyiwa kungaratidzwa hama kuti mukanyiwa pamusoro Erekitironi, iyo inozivikanwa kuti zvikuru zvacho "zvokuvapfuura" vari chokwadi mhosva. Wakaenzana uremu ane ine kukarukureta uye kukanganisa chinokosha iyi yaizova 1836.152 672 hama kuti Erekitironi vakawanda.