How kushandura kumiririrwa sero uye zvinoumba ino mamiriro muchitokisi dzidziso

Sezvo kuwanikwa sero pamberi kuitika chinzvimbo muchitokisi pfungwa, zvakatora makore anenge 400 kwave akagadzira. Kokutanga masero vakanga munyaya 1665 kubva kuEngland zvakasikwa Robert guk. Pavakaona nhete bande koko cellular yakarongeka, akavapa zita muchitokisi.

In ake chinyakare maikorosikopu Hooke achiri kuona zvose zviri, asi pamwe kuvandudzika ose Manyiminya mano, kuti chidzoke nzira staining nevasori, masayendisiti vari kuramba achinyatsotaurira munyika usingaoneki cytological hurongwa.

sero pfungwa akaita sei

A raikosha kuwanikwa, kupesvedzera mberi kosi kutsvakurudza panguva mamiriro muchitokisi pfungwa, kwakaitwa 30s pakati XIX remakore. Scot R. Brown, kudzidza zvinomera jira kushandisa chiedza maikorosikopu, yakawanikwa chirimwa masero akafanana chisimbiso woita vakazochinja kunzi nuclei.

Kubvira ipapo inokosha chiratidzo nokuda tichienzanisa mumwe STRUCTURAL vamapoka zvipenyu zvakasiyana kuti akava hwaro zvakawanwa kubatana kwakabva zvipenyu. Hazvishamisi kunyange varipo mamiriro sero dzidziso ine kubatana kuti mhedziso iyi.

Mabviro masero yakaitwa muna 1838 maererano nyanzvi yokuGermany Matthias Schleiden. Misa kuongorora chirimwa zvinhu, akaona kuti pane zvose zvipenyu chirimwa rinenge cores kuvapo ari fanira.

compatriot wemhuka ake Theodor Schwann akaita zvakafanana ndezvipi pamusoro mhuka munyama. Pashure pokudzidza basa Schleiden uye ichienzaniswa vazhinji chirimwa uye mhuka masero, zvinonzi vakagumisa kuti pasinei siyana, vose vane chepfungwa - the wakashongedzwa core.

Cellular Dzidziso Schwann uye Schleiden

By kuunganidzwa zvinenge muchitokisi T. Schwann uye M. Schleiden mberi chikuru uchapupu muchitokisi dzidziso. It kwaisanganisira kuti zvinenge zvose (nemhuka) dzine masero kuti akafanana ari mamiriro.

Muna 1858 yakaitwa rimwezve Kuwedzera muchitokisi dzidziso. Rudolf Virhov akaratidza kuti muviri kunowedzera nokuda kuwedzera muchitokisi pakuwanda kupatsanura mubereki chepakutanga. Izvi zvinoita pachena, asi kuti nguva yake kuwanikwa akanga akwegura kwazvo uye akaoma.

Panguva iyoyo, magetsi nzvimbo Schwann muchitokisi dzidziso iri mabhuku zvaitwa nemutoo sezvinotevera:

1. munyama All zvipenyu vane cellular yakarongeka.
2. masero Animal uye chirimwa inoumbwa chete nzira (masero kupesana) uye kuva akafanana yakarongeka.
3. The muviri ine mapoka masero, mumwe anokwanisa kuzvimirira upenyu.

Kuva mumwe anokosha zvakawanwa pakati XIX remakore, sero dzidziso nheyo pfungwa kubatana mavambo uye zvakafanana shanduka kukura zvipenyu.

Pakuzadzisa cytological ruzivo

Improvement kutsvakurudza nzira uye midziyo akabvumira masayendisiti kuti yekudyidzana kudzamisa zivo nemamiriro uye muchitokisi basa:

• nekusimba Link marongerwo uye kushanda munhu organelles uye masero rose (cytostructure specialization);
• Sero rimwe nerimwe chinoratidza ose ehupfumi kuri kuti zvipenyu (kukura, kubereka, exchanges kwenyaya uye simba kubva kwezvakatipoteredza, ndiyo chinjwa kuti kusiyanisa pamwero zvinoenderana zvachinjwa and him.);
• organelles haagoni somunhu kuratidza ehupfumi zvakafanana;
• mhuka, notumwe tupukanana zvinomera zvinowanikwa pamusoro chete marongerwo uye mashandiro anoita organelles;
• masero ose mumuviri uri dyidzana uye kushanda noruyanano, achiita mabasa akaoma.

With Zvakawanikwa itsva, mugadziriro Schwann uye Schleiden pfungwa yakanga vakanatswa uye vaisanganisa. nyika nesayenzi yemazuva anoshandisa yemhando postulates chinokosha dzidziso iri zvipenyu.

5 nzvimbo ano muchitokisi dzidziso

In mabhuku pane zvakasiyana uwandu zvinodavirwa muchitendero ano muchitokisi yokuti, kupfuura kwakakwana shanduro rine shanu zvinhu:

1. Sero duku (zvepakutanga) hurongwa mupenyu, sechivako nheyo, kubereka, budiriro uye basa zvipenyu. Non-cellular hurongwa haagoni kunzi mupenyu.
2. Masero kuonekwa bedzi kuburikidza kupatsanura munazvo.
3. Makemikari anoumba uye nemamiriro STRUCTURAL vamapoka zvose zvipenyu zvakafanana.
4. Zvipuka zvine masero akawanda hwapedyo uye inokura kubudikidza fission rimwe / anoverengeka masero yepakutanga.
5. A cellular mamiriro yakafana zvipenyu ugere Pasi, rinoratidza nevakawanda tsime mavambo.

Initial uye kuitika chinzvimbo sero dzidziso zvikuru zvakafanana. Kudzamisa uye anokudza postulates kuratidza mamiriro ruzivo pamusoro chivako, upenyu uye kudyidzana nemasero.