Heterogeneous equilibria

Heterogeneous ezvinhu, mukusiyana kune homogeneous, muviri-makemikari ezvinhu, umo mune zvakasiyana mumuviri ehupfumi danho. Kureva, rine nhengo dziri yakasiyana in aggregation uye Zvinoumba zvinhu. Rimwe danho akadai hurongwa anosiiwa mumwe muganhu, kuburikidza icho ndima kunokonzera Qualitative achikwakuka ari kuchinja physico-namakemikari ehupfumi wegadziriro (mumiririri). Izvi unochinja parameters kungava chimiro uye nemamiriro sekristaro yekamuri, kuti arambe achirema ari fuma, ayo akafanana, uye dzimwe remagetsi munda.

Saka, nenzira heterogeneous ino, pane vanenge zvokuimba kupatsanurwa maitikiro. Mienzaniso yakadaro gadziriro imvura uye chiutsi umo akasiyana in aggregation, mafuta uye mvura, izvo zviri mudziyo chete, vane nziyo dzakasiyana uye nevamwe. Kazhinji hazvibviri kusiyanisa homogeneous uye heterogeneous enyika, nekuti zvakaoma miganhu chaiwo yezwi pakati maitikiro. Somuenzaniso, mune zvokuimba suspensions muganhu kutora colloids, uye ivo zviduku zvacho zviri solute. Kudivi rimwe - iri rine homogeneous gadziriro, nokuti PARTICIPLE saizi iduku zvokuti vanogona kuregeredzwa. Ukuwo, kunyange zvazvo panguva mabhomba sandara, asi fuma mavari zvose zvakafanana aripo iyi, unogona kunzi akadai heterogeneous hurongwa.

Chinonyanya kukosha parameter kunozivisa musimboti heterogeneity, ndivo heterogeneous zvakanyatsoenzana. Ngatikurukurei zvinorehwa Fani iyi muenzaniso aqueous mhinduro. In izvi heterogeneous zvakanyatsoenzana vane ehupfumi vari kuchinjwa nezvimedu kuburikidza Pasika muganhu muganhu, dzinenge mbiri pedyo maitikiro. We kubata mberi tsananguro iyi, chete diki yakaurungana izvi mananara dziri chinokosha panyaya yacho kushanda. Maererano ayo heterogeneous zvakanyatsoenzana ehupfumi vano- siyana, uye saka rwakavapo makemikari urongwa, uye vari kufarira kubva pfungwa nemaonero yokungotaura kuongorora panyama kemisitiri.

In dzinobatsira kufarira zviri, kupfuura zvose, zvakadai hurongwa, sezvo yakasimba - mvura kutotanga (precipitate - munhu nomuti mhinduro). maitiro Izvi zvinokosha nokuti tsika dzakawanda namakemikari michina kwakavakirwa kuparadzana mumwe fuma nomumwe. Mukuwedzera, zvinokosha uye neizvi pezvakaitwa apo heterogeneous zvakanyatsoenzana kuridza guru basa. Izvi zvinosanganisira zvakaitwa shanduro havaratidzi soluble yeimwe ari mhinduro.

Chimwe hurongwa - hwakasimba kutotanga - mvura inotoda inobva Chiitiko kuti Ion exchange. Izvi makemikari Fani zvakajairika yokunatsa mabikirwo aqueous mhinduro dzakasiyana-siyana nouipi, uye kushandiswa kana zvakakodzera raiparadzanisa zvinhu kubva mumwe. Muchiitiko chino, pane heterogeneous equilibria ari electrolyte zvinogadzirisa, vanokosha nekuti kwakajairika nzira kupatsanura makemikari hadzibatsiri. Practical Implementation kuti kuchinja kwakadaro inopiwa Ion Exchange, iyo ndepana pemvura Ion exchangers mu nedanho electrolytic kuita.

Chechitatu zvinowanzovapo hurongwa pasi kukurukurwa - imvura ezvinhu - imvura danho, ndiwo mubvunzo kuti zvokufembedzwa nedzimwe nziyo nyaya. Izvi rinoshandisirwa apo vaviri immiscible dambudziko zviri mumwe zvimwe zvinhu pamwe siyana mwero solubility, i.e., pane yoga heterogeneous zvakanyatsoenzana. Kushandiswa hunobatsira Fani iyi rakashevedzwa dzokubudisa. In maindasitiri kugadzirwa uye kwemakemikari pezvakaitwa dzokubudisa inomira sezvo nzira inonyatsobudirira kuti kupatsanura zvinhu.