Muzvigadzirwa budiriro: tsananguro, nhoroondo, budiriro, matambudziko uye tarisiro

Modern rwokugadzira budiriro ane wandei anokosha zvinhu. Chief pakati pavo ndechokuti muvanhu yakadaro pakutanga nguva dzose yesayenzi mberi uye munhu rusununguko.

The chidzoke rokuti

Shoko rokuti "zvokugadzira zvinhu budiriro", kana "technocratism", akaonekwa 1921. Kokutanga yaishandiswa nokuda nyanzvi Thorstein Veblen. Mubhuku rake rinonzi "The mainjiniya uye mutengo gadziriro, kuti" muongorori akasimbisa kukosha pamwe nesimba mainjiniya munyika upenyu kuvandudza pasi.

Pfungwa iyi rwakakurumidza zvakakurumbira masayendisiti. Vateveri Veblen akaramba ubanguranyika pamusoro nowakautangira. Pane maonero akawanda kuti chii muzvigadzirwa budiriro. Pakutanga zvakanga aipikisa chinyakare muvanhu. ibudirire kwakadaro kunoratidzwa yokuti nhengo dzayo dziri kuedza kuchengetedza aimbova mararamiro. Vanotungamirirwa tsika uye inorwadza kutambura kuchinja. Zviri nzanga ine anononoka munzanga kukura. Muzvigadzirwa budiriro rinoumbwa anoshorana misimboti - nomumwe rusununguko, kufambira mberi, utsanzi munyaya zvose zvoupenyu, kuda kuchinja nokukurumidza kuchinja.

Kunyatsogona maindasitiri yebudiriro

Technocratism - iri nebudiriro (kureva nzira kambani), asi dzidziso kwete chete. Vanotsigira Its vanodavira kuti hapana kukosha kukura nesayenzi. Panguva iyoyowo kukura zvigadzirwa kunotungamirira kuchinja mumagakava upenyu. Technical kukura - haisi kunonakidza masayendisiti. Zviri uyewo nzira yokugadzirisa matambudziko akawanda munzanga (somuenzaniso, kubvisa musiyano pakati pevapfumi nevarombo).

Modern budiriro (murume-akaita) Kuchinja kwete chete nzira vanhu pamba, asi zvematongerwo enyika. dzematongerwe Izvi zvinoreva kuti hurumende inofanira kutonga kwete munhu anokwezva mutungamiriri, chevanorwara zvakajeka simba. The zvigadziriswe Dare nyika ari technocratic muvanhu basa pasina chokuita zvariri negwaro. Kutaura zvazviri, unhu inova mutongi kurutivi rwenzira. Pakutanga ndizvo chaizvo nehurumende muchina, izvo, kuburikidza dzayo zvemagariro mufambo anosimudza musoro chete yepamusoro mamaneja, kwete populist, achivimbisa sarudzo vavhoti makomo goridhe. Muzvigadzirwa budiriro chinotarisirwa nenyanzvi - vanhu vanoshanda refu kutsvaka zvikuru unyanzvi mumunda mavo.

MARARAMIRO chitarisiko

Nhasi zvakaoma kuramba kuti sayenzi Nde injini mberi. Zvisinei, mafungiro kuti kukura zvemichina harina yagara hwakanaka. Kunyange kana vanhu rabva seri nguva zvoutsinye, sainzi vagara vazhinji misfits. First nyika budiriro rakamuka kare, Chokwadi, anoreva boka zvetsika munzanga. In vose rinokosha nzvimbo yaigara tsika.

The chinodiwa yokutanga kwaita maindasitiri yebudiriro zvinogona munyaya rekare rechiGiriki polis. Ndivo akazvimiririra maguta, basa rinokosha muupenyu ani vairidza nevafungi uye masayendisiti. Mitemo kwaidzorwa neboka yegutsaruzhinji chakatsiva dzekare peutongi hweudzvanyiriri yomudzvinyiriri. Mumaguta izvi, boka inokosha yevanhu zvigadzirwa.

Kurwa chinyakare vanhu

Musiyano zvetsika muvanhu uye kwesayenzi budiriro hwakakura kwazvo. Saka, vanhu vakanga emakore kuratidza kodzero dzavo mberi. Chinokosha Kugadzirwa muzvigadzirwa kwebudiriro kwakatanga XV-XVI emakore., Kana Western Europe akaziva nezvokuvapo yeNyika Itsva. The Kuzarurwa nyika Mahombekombe kure zvakakurudzira kuziva vagere Catholic nyika. Kupfuura enterprising uye zvokuita vava navigators uye vatsvakurudzi. Ivo vanoziva nyika yakavapoteredza kuvandudza ruzivo vomunyika. Izvi vasingagoni kukanganisa zvinonyatsorehwa pfungwa. Pakupedzisira, uwandu zivo yepamusoro.

Mumwe mukuru zvipingamupinyi kukudziri- mangwanani vanhu nomunhu akanga chitendero. Church mu Ages Europe aiva sangano inokosha - yezvokunamata uye enyika. Vashori varo akanzi vanyengeri akapisirwa padanda. Pakutanga mashoko XVI remakore muGermany akazvarwa Reformation kufamba. neshasha Its Martin Luther waitsigira kuchinja yechechi. In muparidzi, boka vatsigiri, kusanganisira machinda Dynasties German. Nokukurumidza vakatanga zvombo hondo pakati nevaPurotesitendi nevechechi yeRoma. Zvakaguma Hondo Yemakore Makumi Matatu (1618-1648), pashure idzo nheyo rusununguko rwokunamata hwakagadzwa munyika dzakawanda dzeEurope.

Matambudziko mberi upfumi

The vanhu itsva rabva kupfuura kupfuma kuti dzidzo. Mwana Africa, vanhu vanodzidza uye vanoziva nyika yakatipoteredza. Kukura zvigadzirwa kwakaita kuti upfumi kukura. Kwakadaro dzokufungidzira zvinokosha akafanana pachirukiso kana Somuenzaniso, imwe hwemvura bhaira, zvakaita dzimwe nyika kuwedzera pachavo kugadzirwa kwavo uye kuvandudza zvakanaka vagari.

The kwemaindasitiri pamusoro XIX remakore akaita England ine simba guru munyika dzaitongwa mumativi ose enyika. Zvechokwadi, akanga ari muzvigadzirwa budiriro. Zvinetso zvayo kukura kwakakonzerwa kuti vanhu vave vatenzi yose, kwete chete kudzidza kushandisa mari yacho.

Kukosha dzokunamata takasununguka

Panguva Renaissance uye Kujekerwa paiva kwetunhu pfungwa dzakawanda munyika yekare uye budiriro Christian. The dzematongerwe itsva akagashira kubva izvi zvigadziko zviviri chete yakanakisisa. Zvikurukuru kwaiva rudo murume. pfungwa Kujekerwa vaiva kuti hapana chinhu kukosha munhu chete munyika.

Misimboti izvi zvino zvinoumba hwaro emitemo enyika dzakawanda munyika. Chelovekotsentrichnost yakatanga akaziviswa kiyi pfungwa pashure kuzivisa American rusununguko. Bumbiro idzva iri nyika yose makuru ano dzokunamata takasununguka vakanga yakasimbiswa. A yakafanana nzira mumakore mashoma akaenda France, paiva chimurenga akaparadza yekare iri pachiso kuchinja kwakakwana umambo. Mune ramangwana, nokuti mumwe maviri emakore, zvakasiyana nzanga dzavo vakatsvaka dzokunamata takasununguka, pasina iro hazvibviri kufungidzira kwesayenzi budiriro.

Kuchakunda maindasitiri yebudiriro

In XX remakore, vanhu uye kwesayenzi budiriro vakatamira itsva Danho kwaro kukura. Panguva ino, zvinoshamisa wakakurumidza kumhanya zvemagariro. Nhasi, upenyu chizvarwa chimwe tinofanira itsva sezvo pakanga kwemazana emakore anoverengeka zvisati zvikuru. Muzvigadzirwa budiriro chiri dzimwe nguva vachinzi "kumadokero", achisimbisa nzvimbo yaro mavambo. Nhasi, chikuru wemamongi zvakafanana mirairo unokosha - Europe uye United States.

Chinhu chinokosha ndechokuti nhasi matambudziko maindasitiri yebudiriro hazvigoni kuitika, nekuti zvinotisimbisa kwayo pakukura hauzoti mutsva mapazi nemagariro sepakutanga (colonialism, uye zvichingodaro. D.), Uye kugadzirisa aripo kurongeka. The chikuru Kubudirira kuchinja kubva chetsika muvanhu kuti technocracy kunogona kunzi kuchinja tsika. Nhasi chinhu chinonyanya kukosha kuti chero nzanga utsanzi, chinhu chitsva, sezvo kutanga.

Traditional uye kwesayenzi budiriro haagoni pamwe. Naizvozvo, vanhu ano dzinoratidzwa simba rwakapararira pamakona ose panyika. Traditional nzanga pachavo achiva zvisingachashandi neVadzidzi ichangoburwa ruzivo. Isu vateveri tsika uye mberi vanovenga pane nzira imwe chete kurarama munyika yanhasi - kuisa boka rako munzira zindoga. Saka anogara pakati North Korea chisingazivi kuziva yawanikwa West uye kunyange inotsigira pamwe mamiriro ezveupfumi.

Man uye Nature

Mumwe varipo anokosha ari maindasitiri mubudiriro yagara chido murume rokumukunda zvisikwa. Murume haana pakarepo vakadzidza kuti vatarisire nyika yakavapoteredza. kwekuratidzira ake chokuita ndichibvunza kushandiswa zviwanikwa kunotungamirira njodzi nevanhu, ndiye anokanganisa zvakatipoteredza. In dzakatevedzana mienzaniso yakafanana anogona adudza paChernobyl njodzi. Izvi ndozvazvakaita apo vanhu vari zvakare kukurumidza akaburuka pakushandisa itsva zvigadzirwa, havasati vadzidza kurishandisa. Vanhu ane musha mumwe chete. Safunga Maonero hunhu - mumwe chikuru matambudziko technocracy.

Nokuti kwaye yakadaro ndiyo vangasimudzira zvakakodzera kuita transformative mabasa. Ndizvo chete mutemo uyu kurondedzera zvinokosheswa zvokugadzira zvinhu budiriro, akavonga zvakatarirwa dzichichinja yayo chikonzero.

Uise munhu ari muvanhu itsva

VeMubatanidzwa maindasitiri yebudiriro rakachinja nzvimbo munhu munzanga. In chetsika vanhu, vanhu vari zvikuru novimba mukuru simba, tsika uye vanhu vakaderera gadziriro.

Munyika yanhasi, munhu zvionera. Mumwe munhu anogona kuchinja zvinhu zvavo, neshamwari, basa mazwi pakuda. Hazvina yakasungirirwa ndizvo hunhu. Modern murume akasununguka. Independence anodiwa kukura unhu uye nokuzvidzora Kuziva. Zvokugadzira zvinhu budiriro, iyo yakavakirwa utsanzi uye kubudirana pachena, rinokurudzira uye anotsigira munhu akazvimiririra oga oga.