Health uye mvura. The kwemvura yokunwa

mvura utsanana, kuramba ayo unhu kusvikira mureza - mumwe zvikuru vanhu vari kutarisana. On sei tichava kutsungirira nayo, kunoenderana upenyu uye utano vagere Earth.

Water - zvikuru kwakapararira panyika dzinongoitika akakura. Its kupisa vanokwanisa anochinja nonlinearly: wasvika yepasisa tsika pa 37 ° C. Mvura iri murombo kondakita dzemagetsi. In pamberi mairi kubva ichiputswa munyu kunowedzera conductivity kwayo.

Peculiarities kwemakemikari sezvamunoita

Remubatanidzwa mamorekuru H ₂ O zvakakwana kugadzikana kuti, akabatana inokosha magetsi ehupfumi, ndokuita zvakasikwa solvent. Ndokusaka mvura nguva dzose dzakasiyana-siyana makemikari. Unorema zvinhu dzaitaurwa tafura D. I. Mendeleeva, aripo dzinongoitika mvura. Kuwedzera kushingaira maindasitiri mabasa vanhu kunotungamirira chimiro mairi vanoverengeka inorganic uye Organic yeimwe, ndokusaka unofanira kugara akuteerere nhamba yavo. Somugumisiro, mvura utsanana kunonyanya kukosha. The nemamiriro Morekuru (kubva trihydric ndiro duku) rinotsanangura zvakawanda zvinokosha zviri yeimwe akadai H ₂ O.

Uwandu mvura zvinenge

The mukuru womunhu bhuku mvura anenge 65-70% yayo yose vakawanda. kugutsikana Its chaizvo mune zvokudya. In hove Somuenzaniso, wasvika 85% mune nyama - 79% michero uye miriwo nemafuta rinosvika 78-97%. Achitaura pamusoro yaipedzerwa mvura mumuviri, zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti pamusana chete hafu sezvo zvakawanda bhuku yayo ichienzaniswa kuti zvine zvose nzizi paNyika. Man anokwanisa kurarama pasina zvokudya kwemazuva 65-70, asi pasina mvura inogona kuchengeta mazuva mashomanana. Kana zvikaitika kurasikirwa zvakaenzana 6-8% zvachose muviri uremu, kutanga ane simba kupera mvura mumuviri. Kana kurasikirwa ayo wakabura 10-20% zvachose muviri uremu, pane ngozi kuupenyu.

tinyatsonzwisisa mvura yepamusoro zviratidzi

Water utsanana hunoyerwa maererano zvimwe zviratidzo. Maererano akagamuchira dzemunharaunda payo, inofanira kuva neushamwari kwavo makemikari anoumba uye chokuita nechirwere. Water utsanana dzinoongororwa anotevera parameters: kuvapo utachiona imomo parasitic zvirwere uye utachiona; wevasungwa mumvura mishonga, kusanganisira radioactive; kuchinja zvivako anonzi organoleptic (ruvara Kuwanikwa, kuravira, kwakanaka, pakuonekwa turbidity, firimu kana furo).

Water yepamusoro uye kuitika

Kana kwemvura kudhakwa murombo mamiriro eutano vaya vanoshandisa nayo, hazvina zviipe. Maererano neWHO, pagore kusimukira, mazana anoverengeka zviuru vanhu vanofa pamusana wayo zvisingagamuchirwi zvivako. Kupararira intestinal zvirwere (chakanyorwa mamiriyoni 500 nyaya pagore, iyo kusimukira chakaita kuti vanenge 80% of chirwere) rine chokuita murombo unhu kunwa mvura kana kuti rokushaya.

Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti kwete chete kushandisa murombo-yepamusoro mvura mukati zvinogona zvirwere zvakasiyana-siyana, asi nekuda kushandiswa zvokudya asina kushambwa nemiriwo dzave akura muminda, diridza pachena. Masayendisiti akawana kuti nhamba yevanhu vasina kuwana mvura yakachena ari mabhiriyoni 1,1. Hapana tsaona WHO akaisa mberi chirongwa-gore 10 zvainanga kuvandudza mvura yaivakwanira, sezvo munyika yose munzanga uye utano dambudziko vose inoti.

mvura matura

Zvakakosha chaizvo kuti akashandiswa mvura, pakurapa. zvinangwa, zvinotivaraidza uye mitambo, kushambira, uyewo madziva iri mukati miganhu nemisha, mvura unhu kusangana utsanana mitemo. Kana zvepanyama Kuronga mvura haisi dzinogutsa kana kana kunobva kunoratidzwa zvaikosha anthropogenic kusvibiswa, kunyange ano yokuchenesa nzira havagoni pave inogutsa yepamusoro.

Sources dzemvura kuyerwa panguva dzakasiyana-siyana Utsanana maitiro, ramakagadzwa anokosha ndedzinotevera: mvura quality, kugara wayo nevanhu (evanhu), uye kwezvakatipoteredza zvinhu, uyewo utsanana bhuku kuvimbwa, i.e. kurwisa wayo dzinongoitika uye dzinokonzerwa nevanhu zvinhu. Kana isu kutaura pamusoro centralized kunwa mvura, utsanana rakavimbika kwarwakabva kunotemwa nemano ayo kuramba mvura unhu pane yakakwirira yakati sandara, uyewo zvakakwana chokubuda prices zvinodiwa kushandisa uye vakaronga mvura hurongwa.

Sources mvura - akafanana pachivande uye mvura ratinoona, uye mvura yakazaruka. Aine sarudzo sarudzo inowanzopiwa akapiwa pachivande, zvakanakisisa kushandisa vainazvo. Waterproof ivhu akaturikidzana kuvadzivirira kubva panyika pakusvibiswa yakavimbika. Kana date nekusagona kushandisa mvura kana pasina dzayo kwakavakirwa kumwewo mvura. Panyaya iyi yokutanga inotevera (kubva pasi kusvikira kumusoro):

• mumhepo mvura;
• nzizi, madhamu une (a yaidzorwa aibuda);
• Lake;
• rwizi pasina madhamu (pamwe unregulated chokubuda);
• pasi aquifers dzinongobuda horizons;
• namatsime makiyi (yakanakisisa nezvechisarudzo).

Kunyatsoongorora kwemvura yokunwa

Pakati huru zvinyorwa maererano iyo akaita kuongorora mvura, zvinofanira kucherechedzwa zvinotevera:

• GOST 2761-84.
• SanPiN 2.1.4.1074-01.
• SanPiN 2.1.4.1175-02.
• SanPiN 2.1.4.1110-02.

Muchidimbu tsanangura nomumwe wavo.

GOST 2761-84

Gwaro rokutanga yedu list, GOST 2761-84, rinotaura mazano kuteverwa pakusarudza matsime emvura (pamusoro kana pasi pevhu) nokuti centralized mvura. Gwaro rino Akaratidzawo zviga iwe bacteriological, zvemakemikari, organoleptic uye chitarisiko mvura. Uyezve, inopa nzira nokuda kwayo kubudiswa maererano unhu imwe kunobva. Water kuongorora vanofanira kuratidza kusavapo zvivako izvi uye sezvamunoita, izvo zvinogona haanamati huripo kubudiswa nzira zvinogamuchirika.

The mishonga zviri mumvura, haufaniri kupa kure-kuravidza uye kwakanaka, kuvapo furo kunyengedza, kuchinja ruvara mvura. Nemamwe mashoko, havafaniri achiipa ayo nevatengi unhu uye organoleptic zvivako. Ndicho basa yepamusoro vimbiso paanoramba GOST. Water zvakabudiswa yaifanira nokungwarira kusaita kusarurama unongotaura. Zvinoenderana GOST, mvura inofanira kuva inokanganisa pamusoro utsanana muoti (kuzviremekedza yokunatswa pezvakaitwa) reservoirs uye muviri womunhu.

Normalization pamusoro radioactive uye makemikoro zviri zvakatipoteredza, kusanganisira mvura, chikumbaridzo kunobva pfungwa. Izvi zvinoreva kuti mukati bvumidzwa kuwanda (mishonga) kuvapo zvimwe zvinhu hakukuvadzi (njodzi) kune muviri. Kunodiwa kana izvi zvakakodzera kuti kufungawo zvinobvira migumisiro yenguva refu.

SanPiN 2.1.4.1074-01

Nhasi chikuru, chikuru nezvemirau kuti atange munyika iyi mitemo utsanana dzemvura, ndiye wechipiri pamusoro zvinyorwa, SanPin 2.1.4.1074-01. Inotaurwa mairi wokuyera Zvinoumba mvura yokunwa, zvinofanira kucherechedzwa, kufungawo zvinhu izvo zviri chisingadiwi uye kunogona zvaitombova chete mukati zvimwe. Zvokubikisa kuti vanofanira kuva varipo mumvura, havasi vaiona ino. Zvinofanira akati kuti Utsanana mitemo, ririmo, avo yose havasi mureza kwemvura inoshandiswa kunwa, uye batana Database. Ari naro kana pane kudikanwa mvura unhu zvichiongororwa chirongwa chaicho (kongiri) Mapaipi. Pakazosvika Kuronga murau pakati iyi, nheyo munhu remunharaunda nzira.

SanPiN 2.1.4.1175-02

Chimwe gwaro rinokosha, maererano nako vachiongorora mvura utsanana uye kugoverwa iri SanPin 2.1.4.1175-02. Maererano naye, ehupfumi ayo uye sezvamunoita, inofanira kusvitsa zvimwe zvinodiwa, izvo akanyorwa patafura gwaro iri. Zvizhinji pfungwa rwakabhadharwa kuna SanPiN Zvivako mvura, izvo zviri kutsinga dzinouya. Gwaro anotevera makemikari zviratidzi vanozivikanwa: yakaoma vakasara, ph, permanganate oxidation, nitrates, chlorides uye sulphates. Uyezve, pane rairatidza kunogamuchirika zviri zvimwe makemikoro pane akafanorongerwa sandara isingadariki ari Mac (kunonyanyisa zvinobvumidzwa Kuwanda Utsanana mitemo). Maererano zviratidzo izvi akayera mvura mharidzo. Nerimwe bhuku, ndandanda dzinodzorwa zvinhu inofanira kuiswa yoga. Zvinofanira kuvakirwa ezvinhu omunzvimbo, uyewo zvabuda vakawana nokuda utsanana kuongorora.

SanPiN 2.1.4.1116-02

SanPiN 2.1.4.1116-02 akasika waidzora kwemvura yokunwa mumapepa mumidziyo. The kumiririrwa utsanana dzemunharaunda uye mitemo hadzingoshandi dzokudyira, zvokurapa-tafura uye kuporeswa chicherwa mvura. Chinangwa chikuru zvinodiwa izvi ndiko kuva nechokwadi kuti vanhu munyika prepacked dzakakwirira mvura kugutsikana muviri ndiko Zvakanyanya Kunaka Panguva Yepamuviri. Zvakakosha kuziva kuti munguva yayo kugadzirwa kushandiswa kuiisa chlorine gadziriro hariite. Ozonation uye siyana mumuviri kubudiswa nzira (semuenzaniso, kurapwa pamwe UV nemwaranzi) ndivo kupfuura zvinogamuchirika nzira disinfection. Kudzidza mvura akaronga kutengeswa anofanira vanosungirwa kuita mumwe mugadziri.

Kuchava nemvura yakakwana vanhu

Standards nokuti mvura inoshandiswa yokunwa, nguva dzose kuitwa rakadzokororwa nokuda kukanganisika kwezvakapoteredza, akacherechedza somugumisiro webasa hwevanhu, uyewo maererano kukura zivo yesayenzi. Kusangana kuchinja izvi, nani midziyo uye michina inoshandiswa mvura yokunatsa. Romunhu basa, mumwe nomumwe wedu, ndiko kuti kurishandisa vabatsirwe, kunyange asina kuparadza hwemvura mararamiro.

Zvinofanira kurangarirwa kuti remubatanidzwa pamwe nzira H2O ndechimwe chikuru pfuma yedu. Zvakaoma kufungidzira zvaizoitika kwaari kana mvura yakachena yaenda kana Musakukurwa kunze kwayo utsanana. Kunwa mvura kunokosha murume. Inofanira kunwa zuva mari anenge 1,7 litres. Pakubika, kugeza uye zvimwe zvinodiwa zuva nezuva nomumwe wedu chinodiwa ka20 chayo. Kutyisidzirwa kutsakatika mvura inokosha yatinonwa iri parizvino zvabatwa. Zvinhu zvose zvipenyu vanotambura kusvibisa mvura. It anova hakuvaki zvinenge. Zvakakosha kudzivisa unopfuurira kusvibiswa kwemvura, nokuderedza inzwi rayo panyika.