Guta guru Poland. Aimbova guta guru Poland

Warsaw - guru Poland. Ndicho chikuru munzvimbo uye Vagari muguta nemuruwa. Pashure moto iri Wawel Castle Korol Sigizmund Third akarayira kutama yaaigara ari Warsaw. Izvi zvakaitika muna 1596. Poland kwakasvika chokwadi hwakatamisirwa yamunenge guta. Kunyange zvakadaro, iye akawana pamutemo chete pashure kuitwa reMitemo muna 1791.

etymological date

Nyanzvi dzakawanda uye kare zvine chokwadi chokuti guta chikwereti kwayakatangira possessive adjectives «Warszowa» (kana «Warszewa»), aumba kubva kare zvakafanana zita Warcislaw.

The zita yakashandurwa kubva Warszewa muna warszawa gumi nenhanhatu remakore. Fani iyi chokuita peculiarities ose mazovian (zvakanzi rinoparadzirwa pamusoro mundima ano guta guru Poland). Saka, zviri nzvanyira "munhu" wakapfuurira "e" iri nzvimbo mushure zvinyoronyoro consonants (ibatanidzo "sz" zvawanga panguva). Muzana remakore rechigumi nemashanu, mubatanidzwa munhu "e" yechipiri vaiva pakati rwechiHebheru, saka vanhu vane mabhuku emashoko, dzichiritsiva navo marudzi "munhu". Panyaya iyi, guta guru kwePoland ndiye Warsaw akazozivikanwa pamusana yokutsiva ari etymological fomu iri Hypercorrection.

Pane nevakawanda kuti warszawa shanduro akazviratidza somuuyo accession pamusoro wehove Hondo zita uye njuzu Sawa. Mufananidzo vanoda, sezvo ndibatsireiwo shanduro, uye akava tsime paumbwe zita guru guta.

The inonyanya ngano pamusoro penheyo Warsaw rinotaura pamusoro muchinda (Ishe) anonzi Casimir. Vopedzisira varasika apo kuvhima, iye nepaiva murombo wehove kuti kari kumahombekombe ari Vistula. Ikoko akaona mumwe musikana akanga achangobva kusununguka maviri vakomana - Varsha uye Sava. Casimir akabvuma kuva GODFATHER kuti mapatya uye zvakanaka akatenda wehondo nomutsa wavo. Vakapa mari kwavari akanga zvakakwana kuvaka imba pedyo mumwe. Other varedzi akatanga kuvaka dzimba dzavo panzvimbo ino. Saka kutanga renyika.

Official zviratidzo

Guta guru Poland ine yayo chiratidzo. Izvi rataurwa njuzu Sawa. mufananidzo wake unogona kuonekwa kunyange maoko guta. Monument chokuremekedza ngano chisikwa iri yakaiswa pamusoro Market Square.

The nguvo dzokurwa iri Maumbirwe French purangazve. ruvara Its - red. At yokumusoro muganhu ndiyo rwonzi pamwe Mashoko mururimi - Silver Cross of Order of Military makodzero.

Capital mureza ndiwo remadziro rine mbiri wakaenzana upamhi micheka yakatsemurwa tsvuku uye tsvuku.

nhoroondo mashoko

Maererano vanochera matongo vakawana magwaro ekare, muzana remakore rechigumi iri mundima guta ano riri imwe nzvimbo shoma, chinonyanya kukosha pakati pavo vakanga Kamion, Brodno uye Jazdow. Zvisinei, zvivako yokutanga yematanda akazviratidza pano chete regumi namaviri remakore uye ibwe - In rechigumi nemana.

nguva itsva

Chii guru kwePoland aiva pakati Mazowiecki Duchy? Warsaw. Zvadaro, iye yainzi yaaigara wamadzimambo Polish namachinda Lithuanian. Kubva 1791 kusvika 1795 guta raiva guru pakati Commonwealth, kubva 1807 kusvika 1813 - Duchy pamusoro Warsaw, kubva 1815 kusvika 1915 - umambo wePolish.

Munguva basa kwemakore 1939-1944 rakachengetedzwa anosakadza munyika kwePoland. Capital - Warsaw - rakaparadzwa Ndege German. City akasunungura 17/01/1945, panguva kubudirira Vistula-Oder oparesheni.

Panoperera iri 2nd World guru Poland kwave nokushingaira muchapora. Zvisinei, chete Royal Route, Yekare uye Towns New vave reconstructed kwaro munhoroondo chimiro.

maguta Major European ava kunopera rechigumi nemapfumbamwe - kwezana remakore rechimakumi maviri akanga dzinoratidzwa nezvivakwa batana. Hazvina kuponesa kuitira kuvandudza utsanana pokugara maererano Pfungwa chirongwa muoti prokommunistov uye pfungwa modernism.

Vazhinji guta wakashandurwa zvikuru. Warsaw hwachinja kwete chete munzvimbo dzomumaguta asiwo mapurani nemashoko.

mamiriro okunze

Warsaw ndiye mwero Continental okunze pamwe kudziya nyorovera yechirimo uye nepakati muchando. Frosts pazasi gumi madhigirii uye kupisa pamusoro matatu - husiri nyore kuwana. Autumn Kazhinji ushamwari uye kuverengera, chitubu kazhinji unouya zvishoma nezvishoma. The kunonaya zviri 530 millimeters paavhareji.

administrative kupesana

Kubva 2002, guta guru kwePoland - a County kuti une imwe Tauriranai. The yokupedzisira, akavapindurawo, rakakamurwa mumatunhu gumi (Dzielnica).

A vachitova mukuru wemapurisa

Kusvikira 1833 ari Warsaw mapurisa aiva mumwe dzemapazi matunhu neminisiparati guru zvakanaka, ari kumhanyira dzapurezidhendi munyika. Ramakumi maviri June (wechipiri July maererano nekarenda yekare) kwegore wakabudiswa the Regulation wePolish Council oumambo. Maererano gwaro iri, iro Executive Police chakaparadzaniswa administrative ndokupfuura kusvikira chepasi of Mutevedzeri weMutungamiriri weNyika guru, iro akazova pamutemo inonzi Warsaw Mukuru Police.

uwandu hwevanhu

Pazuva shanduka uye kuwedzera nhamba varshavtsev refu aifurirwa ndechokuti guta raiva rimwe inoshandiswa pakutsigira mbiru pamusoro pamharadzano yenzira dzaishandiswa pakutengeserana uye Trans-European yokutama. Izvi zvinonyatsooneka nezvainoita nhamba uye kwemarudzi Kuronga vemo. Vasati vava pakati Warsaw sezvo basa bhizimisi uye vanhu vainyanya chaiva vatengesi. Maererano 1897 vaverengwe 34% yevanhu vaiva vaJudha (219,000 kubva 638,000). Vaiitawo vemarudzi, pfungwa uye kufamba zvakatungamirira kuti paiva zita kurongwa guru. Poland akava yaizivikanwa "Paris Second" - Warsaw.

City akitekicha

Modern Warsaw mubatanidzwa wezvinhu zvizhinji mapurani akasiyana zvekunyanyisa. Izvi imhaka munhoroondo zvose nyika uye guta zvakaoma. kugadzirisa dzavo akaita kupora kwacho mushure Second World War. Enhoroondo nechepakati guru - Royal Palace - rakadzorerwa saka kure. Zvinokosha kuziva kuti nzvimbo iri dziri ari UNESCO World Heritage Site. Zvinonzi kuzivikanwa sezvo vane kumbonyatsoongorora rokuvakazve pakupfuura aparadza kwenhau Monument.

Mune nguva vanhu Polish Republic muguta kune zvivako zvakawanda manyorero Stalin kuti umambo. Zvimwe zvivako zvinokosha yadzorerwa pashure pokuwa kwePoland. Mazuva ano, guta racho mapurani riri kuramba vaisanganisa ne ano dzemabhizimisi uye nhurikidzwa dzakawanda.

chikepe hurongwa

Metropolitan mabhazi Network kwasvika refu azvipire kukura. Kunotangwa vakawanda bhazi pakutengeserana. Transport zvakasimba inoomerera papurogiramu. Aimbotaura mabhazi ane pasi pauriri kuti zvivanakire vakaremara vakokwa.

The guta unoshanda rimwe bazi pevhu, mijenya pamusoro chitima mitsetse. Tickets yokufamba inogona kutengwa kiosks dzimwe kwamira kana kubva mutyairi, uye vose ichiita mabasa akawanda, akatsemura nokuda mhando motokari haina akaita. In guru, bhasikoro Rental zvakarukwa kunokudziridzwa.

Aimbova guta guru Poland

Kare, guta guru munyika kwainzi Krakow. Uye kunyange zvayo yepamutemo zita rizere - Capital guta Krakow roumambo - chinotiyeuchidza ichi. Kusvikira nemisere remakore, pakanga korona zvose vatongi vokuPoland.

maitikiro azvakaita

Krakow iri iri pedyo mundima iyoyo, apo p. MuWisła anova navigable. Nokuda kwayo nenzvimbo yepamusoro guta iri kukurumidza kuwedzera nzvimbo yaro uye akakura akapfuma. Boleslav Hrabry akatanga episcopal cheya muna 1000. Tichiverenga nokutsigirwa machinda Silesian uye akanzwa kukosha kwayo, muna 1311 Krakow vokuGermany akaronga kumukira pamusoro Vladislava Lokotka. Kumukira nokukurumidza nokuita chete vapanduki akarasikirwa neropafadzo zvose uye zvakanakira.

Meaning of Krakow akatanga kukura muzana remakore rechigumi nemana. Muna 1319 mutongi ano - Vladislav kugokora First - vakatamira yaaigara (yakapfuura yakanga Gniezno). Paitonga Kazimira Velikogo muguta dzakavakwa Zvivako zvitsva, vakava dzakadaro se wezvokutengeserana uye ounyanzvi. In February 1386 mune yaimbova guru Poland Jagiello akabhabhatidzwa. Pane Aidavirawo muchato wake Jadwiga.

Apo zviremera Jagiellonians, pakupedzisira Krakow akasimbisa nzvimbo huru guta roumambo. Kuwanda Vagari yawedzera chimwe namazana.

Chii guta guru kwePoland waiva nenhanhatu remakore? Muna 1596 iri honorary musoro akabva Krakow kuna Warsaw. Zvinakire kamwe vakapfuma muguta iri zvishoma nezvishoma asi zvirokwazvo kuparara nokurwiswa nevavengi. Muna 1787 vakawanda Krakow yaiva vanhu zvishoma pane zviuru gumi.

remakore rechimakumi maviri

Up kusvikira 1918, Krakow aiva pasi chepasi of hweAustria-Hungary. , 1939-1945. Zvinosiririsa nguva munhau yekare guru. Nazi occupiers dzakarongwa muna Krakow cram, apo vakasungwa vaJudha vakawanda vaigara kunyanya Kazimierz muruwa. Vamiriri norudzi urwu tsitsi vachiparadzwa mumisasa yevasungwa ose kuAuschwitz Plaszow.

Pakazosvika nevarwi First Ukrainian Front, muna January 1945 guta rakanga vakasunungurwa kubva nechisimba. Wegumi yaAugust iroro yakanyikwa Kraków pogrom. Munguva political dambudziko 1968 izvozvo kwapfuura Anti-oukuru rutsigiro. Vakapiwa zviitiko izvi, vazhinji vevaJudha, vanopukunyuka nevaNazi akasiya Poland.

nemagariro centre

Chii guta guru Poland zvino? Guta guru munyika - Warsaw. Zvisinei, mumwe emakore mashoma apfuura, kuti honorary musoro raiva Krakow. Ndokusaka guta iri achiri kunzi mwoyo wePolish tsika. centre Its wekare kuparadzwa panguva shure mauto eGermany 1945. Zvisinei, somugumisiro zvikuru kunzwisisa muchiuto kushanda kuitwa nemauto eSoviet Army uye vokuPoland mapoka nemishonga, guta vakapona.

The huru mbiri zvinokwezva Krakow dziri pamusoro Wawel Hill. Wokutanga wavo - the Cathedral of Wawel Cathedral. Ichi chimwe chezvinhu vairemekedza temberi yacho. Pakuvamba yakatakura kunze kugadzwa uye kuvigwa vatongi Polish. dzinonakidza chivakwa yechipiri pachikomo - the Royal Castle. Iye kamwe aiva yakagara Jagiellonian, Piast Vasa. Pakutanga chivako chaiva nani mwero chivako shoma iri Romanesque manyorerwo. Gare gare, akanga kakawanda vakavakazve, kuwedzerwa. Ndokusaka ane hunhu zviri mapurani dzinoitwa zhinji zvenhoroondo nguva.

In Krakow, zvikuru machechi akawanda. The dangwe - St. waMariya (Mariana). Vakawanda inozivikanwa risingaenzaniswi Gothic Stained rinoonekera. Pakutanga, chivako chacho zvakaitwa namatanda. Muzana remakore rechigumi nematatu panzvimbo yayo yakavakwa chitsva - iri Romanesque manyorerwo, asi yakaparadzwa zvachose munguva imwe vachirwisa vari Tatars. Kereke yakavakwazve remakore gumi nemana, uye kare muna Gothic manyorerwo.

Chimwe Kukwezva ndiyo nyika yakakurumbira nemigodhi munyu vanonzi "Magnum Sal". Ivo dziri anenge gumi chete kubva Krakow - muguta Velichko. Munhu anogona kushanyira rakasiyana Salt Museum.

Yakakurumbira Krakow nesangano dzidzo yepamusorosoro - Jagiellonian University. A chitupa wapiwa pahwaro hwayo Casimir II muna May 1364. Pavanopinda rakanyorwa zvinotevera Mashoko: "Pfungwa akahwina simba". chikoro ichi aiva okuverengwa pamusoro zvinovheneka akawanda nyika nesayenzi. Pakati pavo, kazhinji kutaura Nikolaya Kopernika - nyanzvi uye nyanzvi yemasvomhu of Renaissance nguva, munyori ari heliocentric ino kwenyika; Stanisław lem - yakakurumbira munyori naka nyaya; John Paul II somusande Blessed.

Pakutanga zvakanga kuumbwa mano gumi, izvo sere jurisprudential, vaviri zvokurapa uye mumwe worupo Arts. The dhipatimendi zvechitendero akanonoka, kana akawana mvumo Papa. University rinotungamirirwa ari chanzera wePolish umambo. mabasa ake raisanganisira kufudza mabasa uye kukura tsika.

mhedziso

Above tava akatarisa sei uye kana kushandura zita guru. Poland anozivikanwa maguta akawanda ekare, asi yakanga iri Krakow uye Warsaw vari pfungwa huru nhoroondo zvisakamboonekwa uye vamwe vavo vari kunyange vanobatanidzwa UNESCO World Heritage List.