Gulf of California (Gungwa Cortez) aripiko rondedzero

The Gulf of California chikamu nePacific Ocean. It riri nechokuchamhembe Mexico uye zvishoma mahombekombe Peninsula pakati Baja California uye Sonora uye Sinaloa. Its kureba 1126 km nohupamhi zvichisiyana 48 kusvika 241? Km. Bay Area - vanenge 177 000 sq. ? km. In mvura yaro pane zvitsuwa anenge 900, kusanganisira Isla Ángel the Watch uye Tiburon, chikuru kuMexico. Kubva kuchamhembe kusvika Gulf of California muwisira Colorado River uye wandei chiteshi maguta avhareji ukoshi riri pamahombekombe.

nyaya

Gulf of California akatanga kuumba anenge mamiriyoni 130 apfuura mune iri Mesozoic nguva, apo somugumisiro tectonic mhosva siyana Sushi, razova pamusoro nguva Peninsula pamusoro Baja California, akatanga kuparadzana kubva yakaoma. Anenge mamiriyoni 4,5 akapfuura, nzvimbo iyi mvura kuumbwa zvachose, asi nokufamba kwenguva Peninsula chakaita mberi 650? Km. Zvinofungirwa kuti, kutamira ari kumhanya of 4 kusvika 6 masendimita pagore miriyoni mashoma apfuura, izvozvo detaches zvachose kubva kondinendi uye Gulf achava yakamanika.

Muna 1533, Peninsula uye mhenderekedzo vakanga netsaona vawana mukundi Mexico, Hernán Cortés, pashure izvo 1539 ari California mvura vacho zita rayo rechipiri - Gungwa Cortez. Conquistadors vaidavira kuti kuchamhembe ndiye ngano Strait Aniane unobva Pacific pamwe kuAtlantic.

Explorer Melchior Diaz Akaongorora kuchamhembe kwemhenderekedzo muna 1540 uye akashamisa muromo Colorado, asi kuvhiringidzika pamusoro Strait akaramba nenzvimbo zvinyorwa kuna XVII remakore. Cortez yakarwirwa kunzendo dzake mumwe nhamba maparera, kugadzirwa yaiva rwaiitwa gare gare muindasitiri scale, sezvo asi asingazivikanwi chirwere mumakore 1936-1940 asingadi kukanganisa dzemugungwa-parera mussels.

PaGulf Coast vari mujinga Chirungu, French uye Dutch Pirates vakanga akanyangarika pashure yokupedzisira kukunda Baja California nokuda vokuSpain muna 1697 Kugadzirwa nharaunda zvoupfumi vakatanga pashure pakuvambwa muna 1768 ari Franciscan mishoni pamusoro Pacific egungwa. Muna 1821, Bay yakava chikamu kuzvimirira wehurumende, Mexico (panyika mepu yatova kubvira panguva iyoyo akatanga kuratidza), uye pakupera 1846-1848, US-Mexican Hondo US nehurumende, akabvuma kusiya nyika nokuda Peninsula uye rakamanikana zviuno wenyika kurutivi rwokumusoro pamahombekombe Bay, saka gungwa Cortez chose Mexican. Zvino mamiriyoni 8 vanhu vaigara Mahombekombe ayo.

Climate

Okunze ndiko subtropical Gulf, pamwe zvaikosha pamwaka nokufamba. Muzhizha tembiricha rinosvika 30 ° C, muchando kuchamhembe akatura kuna paavhareji 9 ° C, asi pane vari chando. Average mvura tembiricha 24 ° C (30 ° C muzhizha uye 16 ° C muna chando). Kuchamhembe chikamu mhenderekedzo kubva October kuna May mvura vane diki, uye zasi muzhizha madutu kuitika.

udzamu

The avhareji kudzika kupfuura kiromita, asi pasi Bay unotemwa huru zvimwiro, kunosvika 3400 mamita. Kuchamhembe chikamu nharaunda, kunyanya kumativi muromo Colorado, pane mapfumbamwe mutinhimira Maze, pakati soro munyika.

fauna of

Gulf of California ane rakasiyana-siyana fauna of, ndokusaka nzvimbo iri dzinongoitika rabhoritari ekudzidza zvomugungwa, nokugamuchirwa Jacques-Iva Kusto inonzi "akwariyamu kwenyika." Pano takawana vanenge 40% yezvinhu zvipenyu zvose zviri zvomumvura mhuka uye chetatu vamiririri kwenyika cetaceans dzemhuri. Ndiyewo chete nzvimbo munyika umo mune pasi pemvura jecha mapopoma.

Total muGulf mune 36 mhando zvomumvura mhuka, 31 - cetaceans, mashanu kwemarudzi manomwe gungwa nenjiva, vanopfuura 800 hove, izvo 90 vari endemic, 210 - mhuri shiri, uye vanopfuura 6,000 invertebrates.

Flora zvinosanganisira 695 yemiti, izvo 28 vari endemic. yechando ose Gulf inopfuura yokutama vachena hove huru. Kunze izvi, kuti dzinotama mhando zvinosanganisira humpback hove huru, uye dzisingaoneki hove huru. Uye dzimwe nguva kushambira mumvura apo panopinda hofori rwebhuruu hove huru. Kupfuura nomukurumbira uye vachiri havaratidzi vakadzidza ndiyo endemic kuna California porpoise, kana Vakit, pakati ruduku mhuri, ane urefu hakuiti pfuura rimwe nehafu mamita. Miti iyi, zvakawanikwa muna 1958, ari mungozi kutsakatika.

zvichireva Gulf

California Bay ane dzokutengesa ukoshi. Zviri guru chaizvo, sezvo 77% kuti Inotaurwa hove hove chikawira pamusoro Pacific Ocean uye 80% wavo - muGungwa Cortez. Munguva ichangopfuura, ivo Fisheries kukanganisa kuchinja rwakashata uchitikurudzira zvakatipoteredza, akadai rutapudzo kuyerera of Colorado River, apo mvura dzakatsaukira yokudiridzira. Chimwe chinetso nokunyanyisa kusimba hove, complicating kuzoita vanhu, uye pasi trawling.

zvitsuwa

Asati kutaura zviwi, unofanira kurangarira kuti chii penyanza ndohwaJehovha Gulf of California. Chokwadi, kune Pacific. Zviwi, zvakawanda zvacho pamawere nesting site vakawanda shiri uye chinokosha mukoridho nokuda dzinotama mhando, ane nhamba rinosvika 50%. Pakati endemic shiri havasi vamiririri.

Okunze ndiko dzisinganayi muzvitsuwa, akafanana Sonoran Desert. Pakati chitsuwa kasvisto pedyo mvura dzakadai Gulf of California (pamepu zviri nyore kuwana), hunodzorwa cacti nezvimwe Succulents. On zvimwe zvitsuwa vari marshes, uye pamwe kumabvazuva kwemhenderekedzo Tiburon ruoko yakaderera Mangroves. The Fauna of izvi munyika nzvimbo dzinowanzotsigi- inomiririrwa zvinokambaira, izvo pane 115 marudzi, kana vanenge 10% yeMexico Herpetological kusiyana. Kudeuka Nyika mhuka dziri Coyotes uye zviduku nondo-tailed dema.

July 15, 2005 chikamu Bay nezvitsuwa (5% yendima) waibatanidzwa UNESCO World Heritage list, sezvo zvipenyu zvakasiyana-siyana munzvimbo akafanana ari Galapagos Islands uye Great Chipingamupinyi Dzedu Dziri. In yose, mune pfumbamwe dzine kudzivirirwa, izvo 25% vari muzvitsuwa uye 75% ndohwaJehovha zvomumvura mvura. Tora mutaviridziro ndima yakakura haibvumiri enyika mamiriro ezvinhu munyika uye kushorwa rokutengesa danidziro.

ushanyi

Gulf of California chinhu chakakurumbira dzakawanda vashanyire nzvimbo ine raibudirira indasitiri. It pagore chinokwezva vanhu vanenge mamiriyoni maviri, izvo inopa mahombekombe, mitambo yomumvura pamvura mukurumbira nokuda pachena kwavo. Available hove, Windsurfing, Kayaking, matongo, cu, musango uye mabhiza Tours, shato huru vakatarisa, vachishanyira dzakawanda unspoilt makona. Kune dzimwe mhando zvipenyu nezvakazvipoteredza ushanyi.

Mexico panyika mepu iri inooneka tsime, nyore kuwana uye bay. Kuti vasvike kunzvimbo ino, unogona kugadzira nzira refu kana kuti pfupi, asi chete kuziva kuti manzwiro mushure kushanya achagara isingakanganwiki.