Gangut gungwa kurwa (1714): tsananguro, zvinokonzera, nhoroondo uye migumisiro

Imwe kunoshamisa zvikuru Zvikamu of Northern War, somugumisiro iyo Russia kucheka yake yakakurumbira "hwindo kuEurope", aiva hondo wengarava Gangut. Yaiva kukunda wokutanga pamusoro Undefeated Russian rengarava Swedish. The ndangariro kwayo akatanga zororo - Day kubwinya uto Russia, iro rinopembererwa gore musi August 9, tichayeuka hondo.

Pavanotaurirana pakati maviri masimba fleets

Patsime 1714 Russia vakatora vose kumaodzanyemba Finland, uye rinokosha nechepakati nzvimbo yaro. Asi vamwe munyika kukunda havana kukwana. Kuti ribude kusvika kuGungwa reBaltic zvaidikanwa akunde Swedish rengarava, pachena kudzora mvura yaro. Zviri dambudziko iri uye akazvara naPetro I pamberi murayiro Russian dzechikwata.

Muna June, pakava nokudiwa kusimbisa ravarwi mauto anochengetedza rakundwa mauto Russian Abu chengarava, zvinokosha zvine urongwa chinhu. Nokuti chinangwa ichi, kuti nemahombekombe Gangut akanga atumira rengarava makumi mapfumbamwe nemapfumbamwe kukwasva ngarava pasi murayiro F. M. Apraksina. It rinoumbwa matanhatu navanomwe ngarava matatu namaviri scampaways (midziyo diki nokuti chokufambisa revarwi). The yeSweden vakanga vachitarisira chitarisiko nzvimbo nezvikepe Russian, uye vakatamira kunomisa nezvikepe zvavo yose, inotungamirirwa Mutevedzeri-Admiral Gustav Vatrangom - ruzivo wengarava mutungamiri, uyo akadzidza subtleties emauto zvenyika.

hondo Gangut - a duel nemhaka yokukwasva uye pangarava

Kusiyana Russian kukwasva rengarava pamusoro Swedish maoko vakanga zvikurukuru nechikepe midziyo, izvo akasika zvinokosha makomborero, asi panguva imwe chete kuva ndezvokungotevedzera mamiriro okunze. Pakati zvikepe muvengi vaiva frigates matatu, gumi battleships, maviri bhomba-Galiota uye ngarava huru mapfumbamwe. Saka, uri kurutivi yeSweden yaiva preponderance pachena vehondo kuti akaita F. M. Apraksina shure muna Tverminnskuyu Bay kuiita pasi kavha zvitsuwa kwerinenge mwedzi.

Pashure pokugamuchira nhau nechiteyeso, iyo yakarova Russian rengarava, Peter I Vakamhanyira kwavo rubatsiro. Anotungamirira dzechikwata vakabva vanotozvifarira uye 20 July akasvika Hanko. Achida kuramba incognito, mambo kuvigwa zita rake chairo pasi rekunyepedzera Petra Mihaylova. Pano, zviri pamberi muvengi, akaratidza kuva akakurumbira wengarava wehondo. hondo wengarava Gangut aiva yakunda Russian rengarava rwakafanira kunyorwa navo unotyisa ungatsunga uye yepakutanga urongwa.

Tactical kufamba Petro I

Kushandisa nenzvimbo zviri Peninsula, Peter ndakakwanisa tactically outplay Swedish mutevedzeri Admiral. Akatanga kuvaka narrowest chikamu chiri pakatarisana chiteshi, rakanga rakakiyiwa flotilla Apraksin, anonzi Perevoloki. Raiva danda flooring makiromita maviri pakureba, kuratidza kubva kumahombekombe mumwe uye rinobvumira zvuva pamusoro yaivhara midziyo kumhiri Peninsula Bay-Rilaks Fjord. The Implementation hurongwa hwakadaro aizobvumira kusunungurwa blockade rengarava.

Pamusoro kutambira mashoko aya ari vashori Gustav Vatrang pakarepo akakamura mauto ake muzvikamu zviviri uye akatuma mumvura Rilaks Fjord Flotilla, akarayira Rear Admiral N. Erensheld. basa rayo hwakaparadzwa nomoto yavo atirari Russian zvikepe panguva yake chitsotsi mhiri nekamukwavarara. Boka zvikepe akarayira Mutevedzeri-Admiral Lille wechipiri, wakanga, maererano nechirongwa chake kurwisa huru mauto Russian. Chisarudzo ichi chaiva nomusoro, asi zvisinei yaiva chikanganiso, rwakazokura dzinouraya nokuda Swedish romugungwa.

Budiriro Russian dzechikwata

Boka iri mauto evavengi uye yaingoda Russian pamambo. Kunze zuva - 6 August - akanga windless uye akadzikama, sezvamunoziva, inoita kuti pangarava zvavo chikuru zvakanakira - maneuverability. Nokuda chipo ichi wematambudziko dzechikwata ngarava Russian pasi murayiro MH Zmaevich akatanga kumedura uye kukwasva vakagumisa ngarava Swedish vakamira asina dangling kubva maseiri. YeSweden aigona chete kutarira mbeveve hasha muvengi saonekwa zvikuru kure pakati pavo uye zvikepe Russian havabvumirwi kushandisa pfuti.

Mushure wokutanga dzinokaroparuka uye yokuzviparadzanisa rechipiri, rine ngarava 15. Zvaakanga aita rinoshamisa ichi, kuti chikwata Zmaevicha vakagumisa Peninsula uye kushamisika kwakaita yeSweden rakakwana, vakakomba motokari dzavo, vakamirira nyika kuyambuka Russian flotilla. Next Vatrang zvakajeka Akatya. Ndiye chaizvo mapundu waienda yokuzviparadzanisa rakavhara flotilla Apraksin, achiri Tverminnskoy bay. Nokudaro akazarura romumhenderekedzo yegungwa gang uye akapa kumatare mukana nemutemo unobatanidza pamwe huru ehondo kukwasva rengarava akaidza kupasanura kuna Vanguard yacho rengarava.

Sezvo hondo zvichiitika Gangut

Nhoroondo wengarava yehondo achachengeta nokusingaperi emabasa ake uchapupu hunoshamisa tactical unyanzvi uye pachake ushingi vengarava Russian. Kubva magwaro makore iwayo tinoziva kuti zuva ngarava dzakanga chikamu kukupfura Erenshelda uye dzikarongwa pedyo kuchamhembe kwemhenderekedzo Peninsula, vakarwiswa Vanguard yeRussian rengarava.

Swedish Vice Admiral akavaka concave mutsetse yavo, kumicheto izvo zvasvika zviwi. Izvi akavapa abatsirike pakushandisa atirari uye vakabatsira tirwise kurwisa maviri okutanga. Asi wechitatu waiva dzinouraya kwavari. Chakaiswa pamusoro pachiuno uye nokudaro haana kubvumira anokumhan'arira kuti zvakazara kutora mukana kwavo atirari.

Last yevanogara kurwisa, akava kukunda

A kuziva chokwadi: Gangut hondo pasi Peter 1 aiva wekupedzisira, mugumisiro iyo akaziviswa chebhodhin'i yetsiva. Zvinozivikanwa kuti pazuva Russian pamambo pachake Vakamhanyira kuti vakwire chikepe, uye achikwidza vakakwira tambo mungarava mungarava muvengi, aiva muenzaniso ushingi uye heroism. Nokukurumidza Zvikepe zvose muvengi vakabatwa, uye nhengo ivavo zvikwata zvavo, vakanga rombo zvokukwanisa kugara mupenyu, vakatorwa musungwa.

Gangut gungwa kurwa (1714) kwakaguma kupambwa ari flagship ari Swedish chikepe "Elephant". Kunze kwake, vokuRussia vava zvakawanda mikombe ngarava gumi vaiva pasi murayiro Vice Admiral Erenshelda. Vamwe zvikepe zvavo vachiri vakakwanisa kusununguka uye kutizira Aland Islands. Musungwa chakabatwa uye iye Erensheld. Kunyange zvazvo nhasi rombo shure kwayo pamusoro yekare gungwa imbwa, haisi yakazoona yanyura mumadhaka kunyara uye apfurwa kanomwe, akapa vafambisi Russian, chete kukanganiswa zvisingadzivisiki.

Zvinhu aiva Russian kukunda

Vatsvakurudzi vemazuva ano inonzi chikuru zvinhu, iyo paiva anokunda nhoroondo Gangutskaya pakurwa. Muchidimbu vanogona kunzi sezvo unyanzvi vakaratidzawo varairwa Russian rengarava, kwakajeka tactical mafungiro, achibvumira kushandiswa zvakanakira lightweight kukwasva zvikepe pamberi chaienda - zvakawanda simba, asi zvishoma pafoni, uye munhu flotovodcheskie kunoshamisa unhu Emperor Petra Velikogo.

Kusvikira ikozvino, vatsvakurudzi hakuna nekubvirana pasi nhamba kurwiswa kuchaitwa vezvikepe Russian pamusoro Swedish rengarava. Shanduro akauya pamusoro anobva neuchapupu dzekare underdog, uye anomutsa zvimwe kusava nechokwadi. Pane chikonzero chokudavira kuti kurwisa chokwadi chete, uye vamwe vaviri vari chakatangwa nyika yeSweden, uyo aida zvimwe kutsigira shaky ipapo mukurumbira wayo zvikepe uye kuratidza kuti kukunda akaenda Russian rinorema mutengo.

Zvichireva kuhwina Gangut

Saka, kuti zuva achiri zvichiitika chete Russian Navy akanga akunda hondo yake yokutanga wengarava. Gangut Russia akaratidza kuti hwava simba mugungwa simba idzva. Izvi huvandudzike zvikuru nomukurumbira waro pakati dzimwe nyika dzokuEurope uye kuitisa kwakadzama iri akamira yakaenzana ndimo makapiwa venyika vaikudzwa nyika zvenyika. Mukuwedzera, vachidikanwa 1714 hondo wengarava Gangut chinokosha kukanganisa zvinonyatsorehwa weboka Northern War.

With kukunda iyi, Russian pasi mauto vakakwanisa ushande mhenderekedzo Gulf vomuFinland uye Gulf of Bothnia. Uye kunyange zvazvo zvachose kukundwa wokuSweden aiva mamwe makore manomwe, asi pashure Hondo Poltava Gangut gungwa hondo - wokutanga guru kukunda yegungwa - kuratidza nyika yacho irreversibility acho kuva akafanana Russia ine tsika yakati itevedzerwe munyika zvematongerwo enyika.

Kuchakunda vakundi

Muna September 1714 ari vakundi vakadzokera St. Petersburg. Pano vakanga vakasangana nemapoka vemo nechido vakafora pasi Maberere zvikurukuru Akamisa Arc de Triomphe. Akanga korona mufananidzo gondo wokuRussia agere astride nzou. Elephant - saka anoshandurwa zita flagship Swedish "Elephant." Rinopedzisa zvinofananidzira chibhende chinyorwa: "Gondo Russian kusingasviki nenhunzi."

For Gangut kurwa wengarava Peter ndakanga paakavapa musoro dzezvakaipa-Admiral, izvo tsime vaikodzera, vakapiwa kutungamirirwa muchinangwa nokurayira rengarava uye kukwanisa kuita nomazvo zvisarudzo kunzwisisa tactical mamiriro ezvinhu. The mibayiro vakapiwa uye vamwe vadzidzi vazhinji muhondo iyi.

Achangobva paakadzokera guru zvokuchenesa yakanga yakagadzirwa zviuru vezvikepe Medals "Nokuti mukukunda Gangut", asi, maererano vakararama, havana kuva kukudza vose kusiyaniswa pachavo pakurwa, uye maviri akatevera, nhamba iyi yakanga katatu. Special mibayiro yakapiwa navatariri. Russia yava vanokudzwa magamba, nemhaka iyo hondo akunda Gangut. Sea simba simba pasina chikonzero hwagara zvakurukurwa chakakosha chezvinonhuwira ayo kudzivirira nezvaanogona.

Kusungwa ngarava

Kusungwa ngarava yeSweden vakaendeswa St. Petersburg. Vakanga vakaiswa yebasa kuona pamwe Kronverkskaya ducts kuchamhembe wakapatsanura Petro Paul Fortress pamusoro chikamu kumahombekombe, apo atirari Museum nhasi. Pakati pavo paiva akakurumbira flagship "Elephant".

Peter ndaisava kudada naye sezvo kuyeuka mbiri kukunda, uye akarayira kwete kushandisa mune ramangwana pakuvhiya zvechiuto, uye kwakagadzirwa kuenda kumhenderekedzo uite nazvo okurangaridza imwe mhando. Takadaro. Kamwe muedzo yehondo akamira pamahombekombe kusvikira 1737, asi chose dzakaora, haana namambo mumwe chete dzakaparara huni.

Kereke - chive chirangaridzo vafambisi Vakakurumbira

hondo wengarava Gangut kwakauraya vanhu vakawanda Russian, asi akatonyanya Swedish vezvikepe. Pakati pavo, 361 vanhu rwakaiswa akafa uye 350 vakakuvara. Pakati vafambisi Russian Akashinga kufa vanhu 124 vakaurayiwa uye 342 vakakuvadzwa. Vachikudza kukunda vakakunda pazuva kana Chechi yeOrthodox wokupemberera kuyeuka St. Panteleimon, chechi yakavakirwa muSt Petersburg. On kwayo France akasimbisa kuyeukwa machena Dombo, inoti nyika uye gungwa kubatana, uyo aimbotaurawo pakurwa.

Church munguva 1735-1739 gg. Akavakazve achitungamirirwa inozivikanwa Russian mapurani I. K. Korobova uye akatipa yakasvika muna yoku- muchimiro. Vakawanda vanoziva chivakwa ichi, chiri pakati peguta iri pakona pomugwagwa Pestel uye Salt Lane. Saka yakanga immortalized achishandisa shongwe ine mapurani Gangut pakurwa - the Russian wengarava kukunda kwokutanga.

Sea hondo nokuti Grengam uye kudzivirira Hankey

Kereke chete ndiro shongwe imwe kukunda yeRussian rengarava inobwinya, vakakunda muna 1720 muhondo chete Swedish nezvikepe kuti chitsuwa Grengam. Gangut akaona heroism pamusoro vokuRussia uye panguva Great Patriotic War. Pakazosvika nguva akasvika pakunzi Hanko kweItari. Nokusingaperi akapinda nhoroondo achizvidzivirira, iro rakatanga mazuva okutanga mushure kurwisa German pamusoro nyika yedu uye rwakatora mazuva 164. About kwavari fananei kuva nebheji riri pamberi kereke St. Panteleimon, pakatarisana dzomumusha Pestel.