Gallium - simbi, izvo inonyunguduka mumaoko

Gallium - simbi, izvo inonyunguduka muruoko. The fuma ane Inzvimbo pfungwa iri ^kuda 29,76 C. Kana akaisa noushamwari ruoko, zvishoma nezvishoma anotanga kuchinja kubva chakasimba kusvikira mvura chimiro.

Nhoroondo Pfupi

Ko iwe kudana simbi kuti inonyunguduka muruoko rwako? Sezvataurwa pamusoro apa, kwakadaro zvinhu zvinozivikanwa pasi tsanangudzo gallium. Ake yokungotaura Kuvapo vakafanotaura shure musayendisiti 1870 Russian, munyori petafura zvine maatomu akafanana - Dmitri Mendeleev. Hwaro nokuti chidzoke yakadaro kubvuma kwaiva kudzidza ehupfumi dzavo simbi zhinji. Panguva iyoyo, chero theorist haana kumbofungidzira kuti simbi kuti inonyunguduka mumaoko enyu, pane zviri kuitika.

Tinogona synthesizing zvikuru fusible zvinhu, ane chitarisiko akafanotaurwa Mendeleev akaratidza musayendisiti French Emil Lekok of Boisbaudran. Muna 1875, akabudirira mune nevamwe gallium kubva zingi mhangura. Panguva kuedza pamwe zvinhu musayendisiti aiva simbi kuti inonyunguduka mumaoko enyu.

Zvinozivikanwa kuti Emil Boisbaudran nematambudziko zvikuru pakabudiswa itsva vanzwe zingi esimbi. Mumwedzi yokutanga kuedza akakwanisa kubereka 0.1 chete magiramu ose gallium. Zvisinei, kunyange izvozvo zvakanga zvakakwana kuzosimbisa zvinoshamisa zvinhu zvokunyama.

Apo richiwanika zvakasikwa gallium

Gallium anotaura zvinhu kuti haawaniki muchimiro esimbi deposits. The acho ari chaizvo diffused mune goko. Zvakasikwa richiwanika sesangano apo neapo zvicherwa akadai gallium uye zengeit. Murabhoritari kuedza, shoma gallium zvinogona akapora kubva ores pamusoro zingi, aruminiyamu, germanium, simbi. Dzimwe nguva rinowanikwa bauxite, marasha deposits, dzimwe chicherwa deposits.

How kuwana gallium

Pari, masayendisiti kazhinji synthesized simbi kuti inonyunguduka mumaoko enyu, aruminiyamu zvingaitwa kuti anobudiswa panguva pakuchenesa alumina. Kusukwa unorema aruminiyamu uye muitiro akadzokorora simbi wevasungwa, ari alkali mhinduro kane duku inorwara gallium. zvinhu kwakadaro kure mumushonga kubudikidza electrolysis.

Minda chikumbiro

nhasi gallium haana kuwana chikumbiro ari indasitiri. Kupomera kushandiswa kwakapararira aruminiyamu, ine zvivako zvakafanana sezvo yakasimba. Pasinei neizvi, gallium anotarira vaizotibata zvinhu, sezvo ane kwazvo semiconductor ehupfumi. simbi kwakadaro kunogona vanokwanisa kushandiswa pave zvezvidzidzo transistors, mukuru simba rectifiers, kwezuva aenzana. Gallium kwakafanana akakwana mhinduro kuti pagadzirwe Manyiminya coatings ose nezvionioni, izvo achava soro reflectivity.

The huru chipingamupinyi pakushandisa gallium ari maindasitiri chikero kwemitengo yezvinhu kwetunhu wayo kubva ores uye zvicherwa. The mutengo chete tani nesimbi ichi munyika pamusika anopfuura $ mamiriyoni 1,2.

Pari, kushandiswa gallium akawana inoshanda chete zvokurapa. The simbi iri mvura inoshandiswa kuderedza mapfupa kurasikirwa vanhu kuti vanotambura nezvirwere kenza. Rinoshandiswa kuti nokukurumidza kudzora ropa pamberi Maronda zvikuru pamusoro muviri sei. Mukupera nyaya, vascular occlusion gallium haiiti kuti paumbwe ropa.

Interesting kuedza vane gallium

Sezvataurwa pamusoro apa, gallium - resimbi kuti inonyunguduka mumaoko enyu. Sezvo tembiricha kuti zvinodiwa kuchinja zvinhu iri mvura mamiriro, ndizvo zvishoma kupfuura 29 ^{° C,} zvakakwana kutsigirwa ake. Kwapera nguva, pakutanga zvinhu chakasimba anotanga itye tichizviona.

Zvikuru zvinonakidza kuedza kunogona kuitwa pamwe gallium Rakasimbisa. Vakapa simbi ruchigona chokuwedzera panguva solidification. Kuti aite inonakidza chiitiko zvakakwana kuisa mushonga gallium mugirazi chinu. Next, unofanira kutanga kutonhora chinzvimbo. Kwapera nguva, unogona kuonekwa sei muna sefuro chichagadzirirwa nesimbi crystals. Vachava kuva rinokwanisa kucheneruka ruvara, mukusiyana kuti sirivha ruvara kunoratidzwa imvura zvinhu. Kana musingadi kurega kutonhora, crystallizing gallium pakupedzisira kuputsa girazi chinu.

In mhedziso

Saka isu afunga iyo simbi unonyauka muruoko rwake. Nhasi, gallium anogona kuwanikwa pakutengeswa kuitisa kuedza kwavo. Zvisinei, kubatana mashoko anofanira kungwarira zvikuru. gallium Solid munhu asiri muchetura fuma. Zvisinei, kwenguva yakareba nevanhu mashoko iri mvura anogona saka kutungamirira zvisingafanoonekwi migumisiro utano kusvikira kufema kusungwa, kuoma kwemaoko nemakumbo uye kupinda kwevanhu rive pakoma.