Furawa uswa uye uswa. Feed mhuka purazi

Mishonga yemishonga ndeimwe yezvakanakisisa zvekudya kwezvipfuwo zvepurazi nehuku. Mukutaura kwezvokudya zvinovaka muviri, inodarika uswa uye silage kazhinji, zvinyorwa zveproteine nemavhitamini mairi zvakakwirira kudarika muzviyo zvakasanganiswa fodders.

Kushandiswa kwezvokudya zvemishonga mumombe nehoku

Mune minda inobatsira uye pamapurazi nenzira yekare, uswa, hurairi, zviyo zvakasanganiswa fodya, uswa uye gorosi, pamwe nemidziyo midzi, inowanikwa munguva yechando. Teksikomiki yemazuva ano inokubvumira kukohwa mishonga yemishonga ine zvibereko zvakawanda.

Mukuberekwa kwezvipfuwo, nguruve, mutsvuku uye kunyange hukuku, basa guru rinotambidzwa nezvokudya zvemishonga. Mamiriro ekunze enyika yedu haatitenderi kushandisa uswa hutsva uye kusunungura rusununguko gore rese. Kumugumo uyu, zvakasiyana-siyana zvirongwa zvekuchengetedza uswa hwekudya kwezvipfuwo munguva yechando zvakagara zvashandiswa.

Chinhu chakareruka ndechokuti, hongu, kusima kusvina. Pose pane nguva yaive nenguva yekutengesa. Skewed uye hwakasvava uswa mumasango hwaikohwa uye yakasvibiswa. Muchando, mombe dzaidyarwa nehutano. Hay inonyatsochengetedzwa, asi kana yakaoma muzuva, kusvika 50% yezvibereko zvayo yakarashika. Zvose zvese furu inorasikirwa necarotene, mapuroteni nemavhithamini, mazuva ezuva anoparadza zvikuru.

Kukohwa kudyidzana nenzira yehusira kunowedzera zvakakosha kukosha kwavo, asi hazvibviri kudyisa chete ne silage. Mitsara uye zviyo muhutu hwakapwanyika - chikafu chakanakisisa, asi zviri muzvinhu zvezvinhu zvinobatsira zvakashata kune uswa hutsva. Mukuwedzera, midzi yezvirimwa inodawo kugadziriswa, uye inokurumidza kuipa, inogona kukonzera kushungurudzwa kwemukati mumhuka.

Zvokudya zvemishonga yemafuta

Hupfu hwemishonga maererano nehuwandu hwehutano hwahwo huri pedyo nehuzha hwakasvibirira. Kunyangwe nekuchengetedza kwenguva refu (mwedzi 8-10), inoramba iine 95 kubva muzana yezvinhu zvinobatsira. Zviri mubhuku reprotein, carotene, shuga, mavhithamini nezvimwe zvinhu zvinoenderana nemiriwo yakabva kwairi.

Iyo yakanakisisa mishonga yekudya yekudya ndeyeupfu kubva pauswa hwakakushwa munguva yekusvitsa, musati watunga maruva. Munguva iyi, mishonga ndiyo inowedzera mavitamini, carotene uye zvinhu zvose zvinobatsira. Kana iwe wakanonoka nekuchera, zvinyorwa zveproteinini nezvimwe zvinhu zvinobatsira zvakanyanya kuderedzwa, chete fiber inowedzera.

Kuchengetedzwa kwecarotene muupfu kunoenderana nemamiriro ekuchengetedzwa kwayo. Kana yakachengetwa muhutachiona husina kukwana, ipapo kusvika kusvika ku50 muzana yezvinhu zvakarashika, uye kana upfu hwakakanyiridzwa kuva pellets, kurasikirwa kwecarotene hakuzove kunopfuura 10 muzana kwemwedzi gumi yekuchengetedza.

Mhando yemiriwo yemafuta

Uswa hunogona kuva hwemhando dzakasiyana-siyana: kubva kune alfalfa, clover, vetch-oat musanganiswa uye inosanganiswa herbs. Maererano nezvakanyorwa zveti carotene, mapuroteni uye zvimwe zvinhu zvinobatsira, upfu hwemishonga hunogoverwa muzvikamu zvitatu. Zviduku zvidzidzo, zvishoma muupfu hwezvibereko. Saka, hupfu hwakakosha - 1-st grade.

Muzvinyorwa zvevhithamini, macro- uye microelements, carotene uye mapuroteni, pamwe nemaamino acids, upfu hwemishonga hwakaitwa kubva ku alfalfa iri kutungamirira. Mukuwedzera, gorosi mushure mekuchera kunokurumidza kudzorerwa, saka munguva yemwaka inogona kuderedzwa mukugadzirwa kweupfu katatu. Izvi zvinoita kuti zvive zvakadhura. Nokuti imwe nzvimbo yenharaunda inoshandiswa, uye mbeu inowanikwa kubva mairi katatu.

Powdered and granulated herbal flour

Miti yemiriwo kumutengi inouya mumhando mbiri. Inogona kutengwa muhombe uye nenzira yegranules.

Muzhinji, upfu hurumidze kurasikirwa nemuviri, hunoita hunyoro huzhinji kubva mumhepo uye hunogona kubhakwa kana kubata. Mukuwedzera, muchimiro ichi zvinotora nzvimbo yakawanda, nokuti yakajeka chaizvo. Nokudaro, kuichengeta uye kutitakura nenzira yakadai hakusi nyore uye kunodhura.

Hura hwemishonga mumhando yegranules inoda chaizvo. Zvokudya zvakasara zvishoma zvinorasika michero panguva yekuchengetedza. Iko granules yakaoma, yakaoma uye inopenya. Kana iyo teknolojia haina kuputsika, saka inokwanisa kuchengetwa kwenguva yakareba isina kugumburwa, kazhinji nguva shoma inobata nzvimbo panzvimbo yekuchengetedza uye kutakura. Granules inonyanya kuisa pfungwa. Nezvipfuwo, upfu hwegranular hunopiwa mune zvikamu kakawanda zvishoma kudarika upfu hweupfu. Saka, kana chigadzirwa chakakoshwa chinoshandiswa pamhuka dzakakora, saka hazvifaniri kutengwa zvakakura. Izvi zvinobatsirawo uye zviri nyore.

Kuita mishonga yemafuta uye granules kubva pairi

Gorosi yewaini yevhithamini inowira kusvikira ichizadza, asi yakangotora buds. Kana ukasarasikirwa nenguva ino, uswa hucharasikirwa necarotene uye mapuroteni zuva rimwe nerimwe. Utsi hwakakanyiwa hwakasvibiswa hutakurwa nokuda kwekugadzira maitiro. Uswa hwakakonzerwa pamusana wekutengesa hunoiswa mukumisa doro. Kubva ipapo, iyo yakaoma inopinda mucheki. Mushure mokuputika kubva kune uswa hwakasvibirira, hupfu hunogadzirwa, huchidyiswa kumupupuriro, huchengeterwa uye huchengetwa muSilo inoshandiswa kwekuchengetedza kwenguva pfupi. Kubva pano, kana zvichidikanwa, hupfu hwemiriwo hunopinda mukamuri rinoshandiswa kuti riite granules uye kuderedza ivhu. Kutambudzika kwemazimbe kunomanikidzwa kunze kwemakomba ematrix uye kuparadzwa nebanga. Iyo granules iri 2-3 cm muirasi uye inenge 5 cm murefu. Mune nzira iyi, pellets inopisa, uye kuitira kuti usapinda kurasikirwa kukuru kwecarotene, dzinoiswa mukamuri rinotonhorera. Ikoko vanorasikirwa nemuviri wakanyanyisa, vanosimba uye vanogara kwenguva refu. Zvadaro vanoiswa muhombodo yekuchengetedza kwenguva pfupi, kubva kwavanouya kuzotakurwa, vakazara uye vanochengetwa.

Kuti kuderedze mari yekuomeswa kwekugadzirwa kweuswa, ikozvino shandisa nzira dzakasiyana-siyana dzekutenga - kuoma. Nenzira iyi, uswa hwakasara husiyiwa mumipumburu kwemaawa akawanda, uye ipapo nzira inokosha inounganidza mipumburu, inokuya uswa hwakasara. Inotakurwa uye inounzwa kuti iwedzere kuomeswa kwekugadzira. Kubuda kwehutu hwezvinhu zvakadaro zvakapera kunoderedza kaviri, izvo zvinomhanya uye zvinogadzirisa hurongwa hwose. Nenzira iyi, shoma shoma re carotene rakarashika muzuva mumipumburu, naizvozvo haibvumirwi kuoma uswa kwemaawa mana.

Pellets uye upfu zvakachengetwa munzvimbo inotonhora, yakaoma, yerima. Muchitoro, zvimwe zvikamu zve microclimate (kutonhora nemhepo) zvinofanira kuonekwa.

Kuti uchengetedze zvakaringana carotene muupfu, 0.5 muzana ye sodium pyrosulfite yakawedzerwa kwariri . Nokuda kwekuchengetedzwa kwemakemikari muupfu hwekugara kwenguva refu, gamma-ray irradiation inoshandiswa. Kuchengetedzwa kwezvibereko kunotaridzirwa nekushisa kwakadzika, rima uye kuiswa kwezvinokonzera mukati meupfu (munguva yegranulation).

Uhu hwakanaka hwepelitete uye upfu hwakanaka huri ruvara ruvara uye kunhuwa kwehutano. Iko granules yakasimba, ine mativi akajeka, kunyange, asina zviratidzo zvehutu.

Ichinyanya kusviba nehupfu hwemishonga

Zvokudya zvezvipfuwo zvepurazi zvinofanira kunge zvakakwana uye zvakanyatsogadzirisa, uye zvinofanira kunge zvine mari shoma. Iko mari shoma yekudya ichaita kuti mitengo yakaderera yezvibereko zvezvipfuwo: inyama, mukaka, mazai nezvimwe zvakadaro.

Chero imwe mbeu yefodders yakavhenganiswa inoda kubudisa chigadzirwa chakanaka nemutengo wakaderera, unokwikwidzana. Kuita fodya yakadaro yakavhenganiswa, upfu hwemishonga ndiyo yakanakisisa yekugadzira. Maererano nemamwe mapeji, anogona kuwanikwa mune zvokudya zve 15, 25 uye 35 muzana. Zvasara zvikamu zviyo, hupfu, bran, keke uye mineral additives. Paunowedzera mishonga yemafuta yakavhenganiswa fodya, chibereko chacho chinowedzera mavitamini, carotene, amino acid, mafuta uye mapuroteni. Somugumisiro, kuumbwa kwemafuta akavhenganiswa kwakakwana zvakakwana, kuenzanisa uye kusina mari.

Miti yemafuta yakasanganiswa inogona kushandisa sora pfu panzvimbo yehupfu hwemiti yekuomeswa. Asi hupfu hwehusi hwakanyanya huri pasi pemiriwo maererano nemiti. Kuumbwa kwezvokudya zvakasanganiswa pamwe chete nayo hakuzowedzereki ne carotene uye mavhithamini, izvo zvinopera apo uswa hwepanyika hwakaoma. Iko mari inodhura yefodya yakakanganiswa yakadaro ingave yakaderera, asi kuti zvive zvakakosha zvinenge zvisingabatsiri pakuita zvekurima.

Kunakidzwa kwekudya pamwe chete

Kusanganiswa kwekudya kunonyanya kushandiswa kushandisa. Izvi zvinonyanya kuitika pamapurazi makuru. Somuenzaniso, paunenge uchikura marara, zvakakwana kuti uzvipe zvokudya nemafuta akavhenganiswa nemaruva uye kupa mvura. Huru-yakasanganiswa fodya inoshandiswa zvachose inotora nzvimbo yakawanda midzi yezvirimwa, iyo yakasvibirira yakawanda yakawanda uye hay. Nekudya kwakadaro , marara anokurumidza kukura, usarwara uye wande zvakanaka.

Kutora nguruve kutanga kune dzose kunopa kuvadyiwa nefodders yakavhenganiswa. Mikoko yakasanganiswa nemafuta yakawanda inopa zvidikanwi zvose zvemuviri wehave. Hazvisi chakavanzika chokuti mumapurazi mashoma, masango matsva uye miriwo inopiwa muhove zhinji dzevuruve. Zvose izvi pamwe nemapuroreji zvinopa huwandu hwakazara hwevenguruve. Asi pazvinenge zviri nyore kushandisa fodya yakavhenganiswa nemafuta emishonga nemvura inonwa.

Kudya mhou dzakasanganiswa fodya nemafuta emichero kunowedzera mazai emukaka nemafuta emukaka. Mhou dzinotora hutano kunyange panguva yeakisi. Kuvandudza ropa remhuka, kunowedzera huwandu hweHemoglobin muropa. Somugumisiro, vana vane simba zvakakwana vakaberekwa. Ichokwadi, kupa mombe kunofanira kusanganisira furu uye silage pamwe nekudya zvakasanganiswa, uyewo fodder roots (beetroot). Asi izvi ndezvenguva yechando nguva. Muzhizha, mhou dzinofudza mafuro, asi kunyange ipapo dzinofanira kuwana fodhi yakavhenganiswa.

Zvinoshamisa kuti, mumutengo mukuru, fodhi yakakanganiswa neupfu hwemiriwo inoshandiswa mukukusha kwekuku. Izvi zvinonyanya kuitika pakubereka mbeu, madaki uye turkeys. Zvokudya zvakasvibirira zviri kudiwa zvikuru pamapurasi emhou.

Mhando yepamusoro-soro, yepamusoro-grade yezvipfuwo zvepurazi ndiyo nheyo yekubudirira kwekushanda kwepurazi ipi zvayo. Chero zvisikwa zvipenyu zvinoda kudya zvakakwana, uko mapuroteni, mafuta, makhahydrates, kutsvaga zvinhu uye mavitamini zvakanyatsokwana. Asi chinhu chikuru mufodders yakavhenganiswa ndiko kushandiswa kwekudya mhuka, utsanana muimba. Izvo zviri nyore kutakura nekuchengetedza, iyo yakanaka makedheni kuisa pfungwa.

Kubudiswa kwekudya kwemhuka ibhizimusi rinobatsira zvikuru. Mazuva ano teknolojia inokubvumira kuti uite zvinhu zvose. Kana gorosi yekudyisa ine zvayo yekudyara uye nzvimbo dzekugadzira, zvino iyi ibhizimusi rinobatsira. Zvechokwadi, tinoda nzira yekushanda mumunda uye mbeu. Zvakakosha kutenga zvishandiso, kutanga kushandiswa uye kuronga kushambadzira uye kugadzirwa. Sezvo mutemo, zvakakosha kudyara bhari, chibage nemimwe zviyo nemashizha ekugadzira fodhi yakavhenganiswa. Uye kune uswa hwemiriwo zviri nani kukura alfa.

Izvo zvinobatsira zvikuru kubereka fodya yakavhenganiswa pane kuita mhuka. Zviduku zvishoma nezvimwe zvisingawanzoitika. Mhuka dziri kurwara. Vanoda kurapwa uye kutsigirwa kwemhuka. Ndeapi inguruve dzakaparadzwa nekuda kwedenda, uye shiri nekuda kweshiri chirwere! Minda yemiriwo inotambura kurasikirwa nemhaka yemaramiro emakumbo nemakumbo uye chirwere chemuromo. Chirwere che coccidiosis uye myxomatosis chinowanikwa pamapurazi anorera kubereka.

Tinofanira kuronga kushandiswa kwezvigadzirwa uye kutengesa. Nyama, mazai nemichero yemisi ndeyezvinhu zvinoparara. Uye kukwikwidza kwakakwirira. Zvinetso zvakawanda, zvakaoma kuva purazi inobatsira, kuita zvipfuwo.

Kuita kwekudya kwezvipfuwo ndiyo imwe nguva-yakagadzirwa nzira yekugadzira mari. Feedstock ine upenyu hurefu hwemafufu. Anogara achitsvaga. Kudya zvinokanganisa zviri kudiwa nemapurazi makuru uye vatengesi vega. Kudiwa kwehuwandu hwehuta hwakakanganiswa, upfu hwemiriwo uye granules zvinokura chete. Asi zvirevo zvekutengeswa kwemafuro emiti yemafuta hazvina kukwana. Saka niche iyi ichiri kushamwaridzana uye ine tarisiro yakaisvonaka yekufambira mberi.

Iko mari yakawanda inogona kudyiwa nehusi

Chigadzirwa chacho chinonyanya kutengeswa mu-granular fomu, nokuti inodhura uye inonyanya kuitakura kuitakura. Mari yakadini inodhura zvakadini? Mutengo unobva pane imwe iyo mutengi achitenga. Izvo zvishoma kutenga - 1 bhegi (25 kg) - neVAT ichasvika mavhareji emareji 700. Wholesale granules inowanikwa mumakabhegi, mabhegi makuru uye mbankings. Saka, mutengo unogona kuenzana (10 000-15 000 rubles ne tonani). Inosvika 10-15 rubles kilogram yevatengi vatengi. Kutengesa kutenga kune mutengesi wega wega kuchasvika kaviri zvakare.

Mishonga yemishonga inoratidzika inodhura zvikuru kudarika zvikafu zvekudya. Asi zvakakosha kufunga nezvekuenzanisira kuti unzwisise kuti zvinobatsira sei kufudza mhuka. Paunenge uchidyisa mishonga yegorosi kana uchienzanisa nemigero yakawanda, hupfumi hwemombe nemapata huchava 20% zvakare. Nguruve dzinowana kuyerwa ne15% zvakare, uye shiri - 10%. Zvose izvi zvinopesana nemamiriro ezvinhu ekuti zvokudya zvinotarisirwa 10% pasi pemazuva ose. Uye nekugadzirisa zvakare zvinoreva kuti kudya mhuka dzine granules kunobatsira.

Kubudiswa kwegranules kubva ku vithamini yemafuta yakawanda ndeye pfungwa yakanaka yebhizimusi. Ndicho chikonzero ichi niche ichazozadzikiswa, uye nekuda kwekukwikwidzana mutengo wechibereko unotanga kupera. Zvadaro kudya pellets kuchava kwakakosha zvikuru.

Nzira Yokudyisa Animal Pellets

Geza mishonga yemafuta kana fodya yakavhenganiswa nehupfu hwemishonga inogona kufudza mhuka muumarara wakaoma, kunyanya marara nemabhiza. Munzvimbo dzekurima mapurisa, 1.5 kg yegranules yakanyorowa ne 6 malita emvura, uye izvi zvinoshandiswa kumhou. Nguruve dzinofanirawo kuita mash, saka chigadzirwa chacho chiri nani. Shiri granules zvakare zviri nani kuti dzike.

Munharaunda yega yega farmstead granules kubva kuupfu hwakasvibira wemhou nemakwai zvinodyiswa chete munguva yechando. Muzhizha, sekutonga, vanodya uye vanodya uswa hwakachena.

Mukuwedzera, kuchengetwa kwezvokudya zvakakosha kunoda nzvimbo shoma shoma, kusiyana nemafuta kana silage. Varidzi vemapurazi ega ega vanofadzwa nechokwadi chokuti granules yakareba uye yakachengetedzwa zvakanaka, inonzi mishonga yemakwenzi emakwenzi. Izvi zvinonyanya kukosha kupfuura kuchengetedza fodhi kana shuga beet uye mbatata. Sezvo miriwo inogona kuvhara, kupamba, uye granules, pane zvinopesana, pane kutonhora zvakanyanya zviri nani kuchengeta unhu hunobatsira.

A bit of history

Kupisa kwemishonga munyika yedu yakatanga kubudiswa mumakore makumi manomwe ekupedzisira zana. Yakanga inonyanya kushandiswa mukukusha kwekuku. Yakaonekwa kuti kana inoshandiswa, shiri yacho inokura nokukurumidza, iyo ine hutachiona hwakanaka, mazai ehosi inowedzera ne10%, uye kunyanzvi kwekubereka kunowanikwa.

Kubudiswa kwemafuta emishonga muUSSR yakakurumidza kukurumidza. Semuenzaniso: muna 1965, 82 mamiriyoni matani eupfu hwakasvibirira akabudiswa, muna 1970 - 820 zviuru zvitanhatu, uye muna 1975 - mamirioni mana emamirioni.

Pakupera kwezana remakore rapfuura, maererano nekuvandudzirwa kwemishonga mitsva, huwandu hwevhitamini hwakawedzera huripo, uye mishonga yemiti yakatanga kubudiswa zvishoma. Asi pasina nguva mhuka yezvipfuwo yakazodzokera kune zvakasikwa zvezvakagadzirwa nemhuka - uswa hwemishonga. Ichokwadi ndechekuti ine zvizhinji zveproteine, mafuta, uye kwete mavitamini chete. Kuti zvive nyore kushandisa chigadzirwa chakadai chakadai, upfu hwakanga huchigadzirwa mune imwe granular fomu, uye yakatanga kuwana mukurumbira nokukurumidza.

Pakati pese, upfu hwemishonga mumhando yegranules chinhu chakanakisisa mumuchero wakachena uye sechikamu chekudya kwezviyo. Pasi pefodya iyi ndezveramangwana. Zvokudya zviri pasi rose, zvinogona kufudza marudzi ese emhuka uye huku. Mhuka dzinodya uswa hwemhashu uye granules kubva mairi, kuwana zvokudya zvakakwana. Izvi zvinopa kukura zvakakurumidza, zvakanaka kudzivirira muviri nekubudirira. Mhou dzinobudisa mukaka wakawanda nemafuta akawanda, uye huku hutakura mazai akawanda. Kudya ne granules uye uswa hunoita kuti zvive nyore kutarisira mhuka.