Etiology - iri ... nemavhairasi. The etiology chirwere

Forums mushonga kuongorora nyaya siyana. Mumwe Somuenzaniso, anoongorora chiremba mufananidzo, icho chinoratidza chirwere. Other zvikamu Medicine akaongorora zvinokonzerwa kana maitiro avo kana zvimwe zvinokonzerwa. Of Kunyanya kukosha mune chirwere uye tasarudza kurapwa mune ramangwana afunge zvokurwara zvinhu. Etiology - zviri kuti akarurama uye wakaipa zvikonzero. Gare gare munyaya tikanyatsoongorora ichi izwi.

tsananguro

Etiology - Chinokonzera chirwere iro panowanikwa zvinoda tichibatanidza huru simba chinhu uye uwandu hwezvinhu zvose zvabatanidzwa. akakodzera kuratidzwa kwayo ukoshi ezvinhu zvemukati uye kwokunze ezvinhu. Sezvo precipitating zviitiko anogona chepfu, utachiona, dzokupisa, kukuvara, uye mamwe makemikari akawanda, zvoutachiona uye mumuviri nemigumisiro. The chirwere chinogona kuitika mumamiriro ezvinhu ose hypothermia, kurukutika, zvirwere zvokudya, kufanira munzanga uye nenzvimbo ezvinhu. It inoita basa rinokosha uye zvechadenga muviri. Izvi zvinosanganisira, kunyanya zvinosanganisira bonde, zera, genotype, uye vamwe.

zvinhu

Pfungwa yacho etiology haringorevi zvikonzero chaizvo. Zvikurukuru nokuti chirwere, kuwedzera afunge mananara kunoda zvimwe zvinhu zvakanaka kwaari. Somuenzaniso, Streptococcus, chipo mune nemumuromo mhango sechinhu saprophyte nokuda mazhinji Migumisiro yakaderera tembiricha vanokonzera angina. Izvi nokuda kwakaderera dzomuviri zvigadziriswe. Netsvimbo fivha uye diphtheria pasina anokonzera zvinhu (kuneta, nzara) anogona hakuiti unooneka. Kazhinji pane mamiriro ezvinhu apo mumwe chete zvinogona kuita kuita zvimwe zviitiko, etiologic, uye vamwe - zvinokonzera. Muenzaniso hypothermia. Zvinonzi, kune rumwe rutivi, chinokonzera frostbite, uye pane dzimwe - inopa Zvakanyanya Kunaka Panguva Yepamuviri ezvinhu kuti chidzoke vakawanda zvinotapukira catarrhal hunhu.

kupatsanura pakati pathologies

Mune zvimwe zviitiko, etiology chirwere anogona kungoitirwa chimwe. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, kuferefeta kungaratidza vanoverengeka precipitating zvinokonzera. Muchiitiko chokutanga, hosha inonzi monkey, apo rechipiri - polyetiology. Wokutanga mhando zvinosanganisira Somuenzaniso, yokuSpain, kwazvo huro. Asi chirwere mwoyo achiumbwa somugumisiro njovhera, rheumatism uye zvimwewo zvakawanda. The etiology chirwere yokusarudza ayo specificity uye pathogenetic kurapa. Somuenzaniso, nokuti ukuru kwokuomerwa uye Kufembera staphylococcal uye nechigwadara nekabhunakeri kunokosha kusiyana. Uyewo, vamwe chaizvo vaine mhando BP, izvo zvinogona kukonzerwa zvose neurogenic uye renal zvinhu. The chinokonzera intestinal mhingaidzo chinhu kwokunze compression pamusoro bowel kana blockage kwayo menyika.

AKAIPA

Kusiyanisa pakati rimwe nguva (kunotevera, kutsva) uye refu (nenzara, hweHIV) migumisiro unotokonya chinonakidza. Izvi zviitiko zvinosanganisira etiology. Izvi zvingaguma chikonzero kukura chakasimba kana chisingaperi Danho zvirwere. Somugumisiro zvinhu - refu kana pfupi izwi - ari munhu muviri rapera akasiyana enyika. Izvi ndizvo chaizvo chii chinokonzera chirwere, riri kazhinji migumisiro kutyorwa izvi.

Mushonga uye Kudzivirira

Etiology - ichi ndechimwe chikuru determinants imwe nzira kurapwa. Ziva zvinokonzera uye mamiriro ezvinhu kukura ane zvokurwara, unogona kusarudza nzira kuti achabvisa ude. Chete iyi, chaizvoizvo kuzadzisa zvakanaka mugumisiro. It anobatsira basa rinokosha, uye ekudzivirira. The chirwere chinogona kudziviswa panyaya nenguva kubviswa pathogenic zvikonzero uye zvinoita kuti avatambudze. Somuenzaniso, mutakuri bacilli vasabatwa rinoitwa, Kuraswa Umhutu mumunda zvinogona marariya, ekudzivirira kukuvara. Zvisinei, kwete nguva dzose zvinoita kuti kuziva zvinokonzera uye mamiriro ezvinhu kukura zvokurwara. Muchiitiko ichi tinotaura zvisingazivikanwi etiology. Mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro, sezvo mutemo, murwere anoenda pasi pokudzora chiremba. Pamwe chete ichi differential chirwere, richiona kwayo ezvinhu. Kazhinji vanachiremba pakurapa Pakadaro, kugadza "tinongoita".

The etiology kwechirwere cheshuga mellitus

To musi, pane chikonzero chinogombedzera hwokuti huru chinokonzera chirwere cheshuga ari majini chikonzero. The chirwere ndohwavo polygenic pfungwa. nheyo dzayo dzakaiswa kupfuura maviri mutant Gene mune chirwere cheshuga b-chromosome, vane chokuita Hla-hurongwa. The yokupedzisira, uyewo, anosarudza chaiyo kwaiita Muviri zvazvinoita dzayo muchitokisi maantigen. Uchifungidzira kuti polygenic nhaka chirwere cheshuga, hosha yacho mutant Gene vari vaviri kana maviri boka nhaka recessive. Kune vamwe vanhu, pane kubatwa kuti kukundwa ari autoimmune ezvinhu, kana zvakawedzera aikanganiswa zvimwe masero kuti nemavhairasi antibodies, vazodzikisa kutapata kurwisa utachiona. Majini Hla-mamiriro ndivo zvezvinangwa ari kubatwa.

Muna 1987, D. Foster kwakaratidza kuti mumwe kwemajini ari kubatwa hosha iri B-chromosome. Saka pane ukama pakati chirwere cheshuga mellitus uye vamwe leukocytes antibodies muvanhu. Vari encoded kubudikidza majini mikuru histocompatibility yakaoma. Ivowo, dziri pamusoro chromosome ichi.

Kupatsanura majini mikuru histocompatibility zvakaoma

Kune zvitatu marudzi. Majini siyana nokuda zvaimirirwa encoded mapuroteni vavo kubatanidzwa kukura masoja kwendangariro. Mune imwe kirasi rine loci A, B, C. Ivo vanokwanisa yeEncoding maantigen kuti zvinowanikwa pamusoro masero ose ane core. zvinhu izvi vanoita mashandiro kudzivirira chirwere (kunyanya nemavhairasi). Majini dzekirasi 2, avete D-nharaunda rine loci DP, DQ, DR. Ivo encode maantigen kuti ringaratidzwa vachingoshandisa masero immunocompetent. Izvi zvinosanganisira monocytes, T masero, uye vamwe. With kirasi 3 majini encoded mukwanisi zvinoriumba, bundu necrosis chinhu uye transporters vari kukurukura kugadzira antibody.

Munguva ichangopfuura, pane kubvuma kuti nhaka pamwe jekiseni-zvaanoda chirwere cheshuga chokuita kwete chete zvinhu Hla-hurongwa, asiwo zviratidzo yeEncoding kubatana kwetunhu jekiseni, immunoglobulin rinorema cheni kubatana T-sero Kanotokonya uye nevamwe. Vanhu tinozvarwa kubatwa kuna IDDM, pane kuchinja kwezvakatipoteredza kunokonzerwa. kutapata simba masero dzavo antiviral cytotoxic chaidzo kukuvadza pasi pokudzora pathogenic zvigare uye nemakemikari zvinoriumba.

Other zvikonzero

In IDDM zvingava zvinokonzerwa nemavhairasi etiology. Kakawanda, kwaita zvokurwara kubatsira rubella (utachiona hwakakura zvikanzwika nezviduku pakati rwatata, ipapo akachengetwa uye kudzokororwa mavari), mumps (kazhinji kunoonekwa vana mushure nechirwere, makore 1-2), utachiona, hepatitis B uye Coxsackievirus B (kudzokororwa mu vazviparadzanise nevamwe midziyo) mononukleoznaya utachiona, yokuSpain uye nevamwe. Chokwadi chokuti vaiona chikonzero ndechokunyanya chokuita kukura cheshuga, kunosimbiswazve nemashoko seasonality zvirwere. IDDM Kazhinji chirwere mune vana mumatsutso uye muchando, kusvika Parainge muna October uye January. Uyewo ari varwere ropa anogona kuziva dzakakwirira titers pamusoro antibodies kuti utachiona. Vanhu vakafa cheshuga somugumisiro immunofluorescent nzira kutsvakurudza nezviduku pamusoro Langerhans akacherechedza nemavhairasi inoramba.

The kushanda musimboti nayo utachiona

The experimental ongororo yakaitwa M. Balabolkin kuzosimbisa kunobatanidza utachiona kuti kukura chirwere. Maererano ake zvakawanika, vanhu vane utachiona, katsika cheshuga mellitus, kuita sezvinotevera:

- akacherechedza chenjera sero kukuvara (semuenzaniso Coxsackie B utachiona);

- pane kutsungirira (mazhinji kupona) utachiona (rubella) Kuumba autoimmune pezvakaitwa ari islet tishu.

The etiology pamusoro cirrhosis

Zvichienderana zvinokonzera, zvokurwara ichi rakakamurwa mapoka matatu. Izvi zvinosanganisira, kunyanya:

1. With chaiwo etiological zvinhu.
2. With pamakakatanwa wakatsamwiswa zvinhu.
3. Of kuzivikanwa etiology.

The kudzidza zvinokonzera kukuvara

Kuziva zvinoita zvichikonzera cirrhosis, kuitisa kurapwa, epidemiological uye mumarabhoritari zvidzidzo. Panguva iyoyowo kuva chokuita nokunyanyisa kunwa doro. Kwenguva refu nguva isu vakatenda kuti cirrhosis rikaitika ezvinhu enyika chidhakwa zvokudya. Panyaya iyi, zvokurwara ichi aizivikanwa sezvo alimentary kana muviri. Muna 1961, Beckett akasika basa raakanga akarondedzera chidhakwa chiropa rikwanise Danho. Panguva iyoyowo nayo pfungwa kuti chirwere ichi kunowedzera ngozi cirrhosis chokuita doro yaunodya. Naizvozvo isingachinji kushanda panyaya iyi kuva chepfu chiropa, izvo zvinogona kufamba mu hematopoietic kukuvara nhego tishu. Izvi zvinoshandawo zvikurukuru Re-tama pamusoro chirwere.

Ngozi chipimo chemushonga panyaya iyi

Cirrhosis, izvo zviri kukonzerwa doro, optionally pamwe nzendo nekukudziridza chakasimba kana chirwere chiropa. Zvirwere anogona kushandurwa neimwe nzira. In zvachose pane chikuru matanho matatu:

- mafuta degeneration kwemuviri;

- Fibrosis pamwe mesenchymal kuita;

- cirrhosis.

Ngozi panowanikwa chirwere somugumisiro makore 15 nokunyanyisa kunwa doro mukuru 8 nguva munhu kunoitika panguva-gore mashanu kubvuma doro. Pekvigno kuona ngozi panyaya iyi chipimo chemushonga kuti kukura chiropa cirrhosis. Zviri 80 g pa zuva (200 g vodka). A ngozi daily dose ndiko kushandiswa 160 g doro uye zvakawanda. Mune ramangwana, "Pekvigno payakavakirwa" zvishoma achinja. Vakadzi, doro utetsa kupfuura kaviri kupfuura vanhu. Vamwe akasimba pabonde tsirrozogenny kwose wacho wakaderedzwa kusvika 40 g panyaya iyi pazuva, apo vamwe chirwere zvikamuka, uye kana achitora 60 ml doro. Vakadzi zvakakwana uye 20 ml doro pazuva. Kukura doro cirrhosis chiropa kukonzera-zvakananga lipopolysaccharide intestinal kwakabva - endotoxin.

zvimwe zvikonzero

Cirrhosis zvinogona kukonzerwa kuvabereki kutsunga metabolic zvirwere. vana vose uye vakuru akawana sangano pakati kukura zvokurwara uye A1-antitrypsin kukanganisika. A1-antitrypsin chinhu glycoprotein kuti synthesized muna hepatocyte uye inhibitor kuti naSerine proteinases pakarepo dzokupisa (elastase, trypsin, plasmin, chymotrypsin). Tikafunga kukundikana kunoitika cholestasis muna 5-30% vana uye 10-15% kuti chiropa cirrhosis ndepana muduku chaizvo. Zvisinei, kunyange vanenge nokukanganisika zvakaita kutyorwa kazhinji zvakanaka fungidziro. Pakukwegura kunowedzerawo mukana wokuti necirrhosis uye chiropa kenza. Izvi ndezvechokwadi kunyanya vanhu vane emphysema. Mashandiro chiropa kunogona kuputsika kana anwa makemikari uye gadziriro inogadzira mishonga. Zvinoguma rakapinza danho kuparadzwa nhengo uye chisingaperi chiropa. Mune zvisingawanzoitiki Muzviitiko, chiropa cirrhosis hwapedyo. Somuenzaniso, kabhoni tetrachloride anogona kukonzera chakasimba uye dzimwe nguva chisingaperi chiropa chepfu mhuka. zvokurwara Izvi zvinogona, mune zvimwe zviitiko achiperekedzwa muhombe necrosis uye cirrhosis.