Diesel locomotives Russia. New locomotives, mapikicha uye nokurondedzerwa

Rail senga - ichi ndechimwe zvikuru yokuita oornag nzira yokufambisa, anoshandiswa nemamiriyoni evanhu. On mundima Russian Federation nokuda nezvaanogona pechiteshi yaitwa ose zuva zviuru motokari zvose vakatakurwa uye cargoes siyana. Modern rwokugadzira mberi kunoita maximize ari tractive kuedza locomotives, iyoyo yakakwirira azvipire kunyatsoshanda uye zvifambiso velocity. Naizvozvo locomotives Russia vanofanira kungwarira kunyanya kukurukurwa, kuti tinzwisise dzavo zvakanaka uye michina maitiro.

Brief Historical Background

Yokutanga hwokugadzira zvirongwa locomotives yedu yakazaruka dzezvimwe akazviratidza kwezana remakore rechi20. Diesel locomotives Russia panguva iyoyo vakanga "kuberekwa" muna 1905, nemhaka injiniya uye Colonel Kuznetsov Odintsov, vaiva mapiyona zvekushandisa munharaunda, takapfeka vanoratidza mushumo standalone locomotive pamwe caloric injini.

Muna 1930, vakapiwa pave zvokuimba engineering, atanga kugadzirira-teplovoznikov nyanzvi panguva Moscow Electromechanical Institute. Nechekare kubva 1950 locomotives nyaya rakarongwa pane vamwe kupfuura muchina-kuvaka Enterprises.

The huru kupatsanura

Russia uye nyika locomotives vari kusiyaniswa pachishandiswa unhu anoverengeka.

Saka, maererano nebasa ravo pane kupesana on:

• Passenger.
• Shunting.
• Mitoro.
• Universal.
• Industrial.
• Kuita mabasa akasiyana-siyana.

Also kusiyanisa pakati locomotives uye nenhumbi bestelezhechnogo mhando. Kusiyana vezvikwata izvi uye uwandu zvikamu zvinogona kunge mumwe, kana akawanda.

Nheyo kushanda uye inokosha magadzirirwo zvinhu

Diesel locomotives Russia (chaizvoizvo, sezvo vamwe nyika) vari kushanda zvakadaro inokosha. The Diesel Injini aya chokufambisa mano vatendeuki kwemakemikari simba kuitika panguva combustion peturu kupinda zvokuimba simba - vachishandisa kutenderera crankshaft, izvo zvinozoita akatuma nomukombiyuta traction kutenderera ari inoparadzirwa zvakananga vhiri ane yezvinoita. Chinokosha ndechokuti zvinoda Kufambisa zvakajeka Diesel locomotive maitiro uye zvakananga. Nokuti chinangwa ichi, uye panorongwa vakasikwa kuti kubvumira kuti ushande locomotives.

The chikuru vezvikwata zviri locomotive vari: a puranga, muviri, ane Diesel injini, hutachiwana, chassis, akamedura hurongwa, Autocoupling mudziyo. Pakati ebetsero mano ngapaonekwe; kutonhora ezvinhu, mhepo wedzerai Diesel moto ukabvisa ezvinhu, magetsi.

Mhando giya yaishandiswa locomotives

Railway Transport kweRussia anoshanda pahwaro zvinotevera zvirongwa, zvinoti:

• Electricity.
• Hydraulic.
• Hydromechanical.
• Mechanical.

Kana isu kutaura zvokuimba hutachiwana, zvinofanira ambopupura kuti aiva zvakakwana yakakwirira kunyatsoshanda, pasi uremu, kudekara nazvo. Zvisinei, pane kuishaya uye kuti riri kusingadzivisiki panowanikwa jerks panguva giya chinja.

Electrical hutachiwana inopa zvikuru anotsvedzerera kugadziridzwa kwezvinhu locomotive kumhanya, asi ane guru uremu uye kudhura yenhengo.

Chinonyanya zvakasimba yaidzorwa nokukurumidza kutapurirwa - hydraulic. Asi zviri rinoda chaizvo pamusoro kuchena ari kushanda fluid uye kunaka kwayo Nokuraramisa, kunyange zvekuvaka basa rayo kakawanda zvikuru Mehnichesky analogue.

Mechanical panzombe locomotives

Just sei zvakanaka kuchaita kuti locomotive pamusoro pamakwara kunoenderana magadzirirwe ayo motokari-kuvaka (zvemaziso) zvikamu, izvo zvinosanganisira: a trolley pamwe vhiri rinovira, ekisero mabhokisi matsime (ivo iri huru puranga), muviri (akabata ose vasara midziyo).

Wheel hangaiwa locomotives vanogona kutyaira (kutyaira) uye Muller (amboita). Rail senga muRussia zvino kunyanya anoshandisa peya kutyaira mavhiri.

Modern Railways Russian

Mumazuva ano zvakakomba zvoupfumi chaizvoizvo inodzidzisa Railways kutamba inokosha basa achizadza rehurumende bhajeti. Wapiwa chokwadi ichi, Vagadziri midziyo iyi vari kuita zvose zvavanogona kuti kuvandudza Kushanda kwayo uye kuderedza mari. Saka, mashoko Bryansk muchina-kuvaka chirimwa muna 2015 itsva locomotives 2TE25KM vakasikwa. muenzaniso uyu hunopa nokuwedzera vazhinji zvifambiswe zvitima, achidzikisa zvavo operative unongotaura. Mainjiniya vaigona yekudyidzana kuwedzera Utilisation mwero ari Diesel injini. Panyaya iyi, mutyairi wacho kabhini maererano zvose dzakawanda tsika nyaradzo uye vakachengeteka. Richishandiswa sezvo kungogara kuchengetedzwa hurongwa anogona kudzivirira locomotive vashandi yakavimbika pakukuvara iri chiitiko netsaona kudhumhana. Panewo imwe mhepo-kutonhodza hurongwa. Special akazvimirira hita rinopisa mhepo kuti tembiricha anodikamwa, kana zvichidikanwa.

Kuti uvandudze kunyaradzwa mudonzvo locomotives matsva aya vakapakata vibration-damping zvinhu maererano. Sezvineiwo zvakawedzera padanho mberi ergonomics. All zvikuru zvinoriumba inogona nyore kupindamo yokuzvigadzirisa. Izvi zvinogona kuderedza ari downtime ari locomotive panosvikira mabhuku panguva yaro Nokuraramisa yakarongwa kana urongwa rokuongorora panguva rwendo.

Panguva mharidzo 2TE25KM, kwakaitika muna April 2015, wakapindwa musoro Russian Railways Yakunin, purezidhendi "Transmashholding" Bokarev, uye. pamusoro. Gavhuna Bryansk nharaunda Bogomaz.

Negoho mu njanji senga

Vakawanda nezvitima Railways zvinopa 80% of zvachose turnover uye vanopfuura 40% of chokufambisa kutakura, zvose Suburban uye zvimwe yokukurukurirana.

Izvi mukuru kuita kunotsigirwa zvakanakira njanji chokufambisa, zvaakafanana zvinotevera:

• High rokutakura chinzvimbo.
• The kunyatsoshanda kuti hombe chokufambisa pamusoro madaro marefu.
• Kuvimbika uye vakachengeteka.
• Vade mari zvinyorwa.
• Minimum zvinokonzerwa zvakatipoteredza uye mhepo.

musika budiriro Maitiro

Modern Russian ouinjiniya kumeso vaikudzwa vagadziri asi vachishingaira kusimukira Misika itsva, kutumira zvinhu zvayo kunyika dzakasiyana-siyana pasi pose. Panyaya iyi, iyo hwokugadzira zvechadenga zvinogadzirwa matsva asina kutomboderera avo dzimwe dzomuzana. Funga zvakadzama itsva Diesel muenzaniso munyaya anogona kuva mufananidzo. Diesel locomotives Russia, zvinoberekwa ichangobva kutaurwa "Transmashholding", ikozvino achishingaira chinozoiswa uye munyika Asian dzakadai Uzbekistan. Sezvo vachava kunyanya locomotives kukonzera vakabata pamwero mukuru Implementation purogiramu zvainanga panguva mazuvaano pamusoro njanji chokufambisa ichi Central Asian nyika.

Achiratidza, zvinogona kucherechedzwa kuti kukura njanji chokufambisa achava simba. The pamusoro-anorondedzerwa ayo zvakwakanakira anoratidza zvakajeka rationality kuti mari mari iri kukura uye Implementation zviri kuita locomotives itsva, anokwanisa kuita mabasa basa navo chero ekunze uye okunze.