Dielectric - chii here? dielectric ehupfumi

Dielectric - zvokunyama kana venhumbi substantially asingadi kupfuura magetsi iyezvino. conductivity kwakadaro inotengwa nokuda vashoma maerekitironi uye ions. nezvimedu aya kuumbwa mune asiri achitungamirira zvinhu chete kana mukuru-tembiricha ehupfumi. Chokwadi chokuti wakadaro insulator uye ichakurukurwa munyaya ino.

tsananguro

Mumwe zvemagetsi kana Radiotechnical kondakita, semiconductor kana insulator mhosva ichipfuura ane zvemagetsi ano, asi dielectric chinhu kuti kunyange yakakwirira voltage pamusoro 550 V achava achigarira maoko shoma ano. Magetsi ari insulator - ndiro rakaramba kuti mhosva nezvimedu mune imwe nhungamiro (zvingava zvakanaka kana kunaka).

marudzi dzenzvimbo

At mwoyo dielectric conductivity vari:

• Absorção de Água ano - kuitika inoyerera muna dielectric panguva dzose kuitika kusvikira zvino, kusvikira zvasvika imwe zvakanyatsoenzana mamiriro, kuchinja mirayiridzo uye kana pomugove voltage nayo uye kana nokuzviparadzanisa. Kana rakatumbuka kuitika kuchinyanya muna dielectric achava aripo mariri nguva dzose, zviri wemagetsi mumunda achiri.
• Electronic conductivity - zvinofamba maerekitironi pasi pokudzora musango.
• Ionic conductivity - unomirira kufamba ions. It iri electrolyte zvinogadzirisa - munyu, acids, nesipo, uyewo dielectrics zhinji.
• Molionnaya conductivity - kufamba mhosva nezvimedu anonzi molionami. Iri colloidal hurongwa, emulsions uye suspensions. Molionov Fani inofamba iri yemagetsi munda inonzi electrophoresis.

Insulating zvokuvakisa dzinoiswa ne mamiriro aggregation uye makemikari hunhu. Chokutanga rakakamurwa zvikukutu, mvura, gaseous uye omarara. Maererano makemikari hunhu vari rakakamurwa organics, Inorganics uye organometallic zvokuvakisa.

Conductivity dielectrics rinoti pamusoro aggregation:

• Conductivity magasi. Mugore gaseous zvinhu zvakakwana duku ano conduction. Inogona kuitika pamberi vakasununguka mhosva nezvimedu, kunoitika nokuda simba nechitarisiko uye munyika Ionic uye zvemagetsi zvinoita: X-ray nemwaranzi uye radioactive marudzi, kudhumhana pamusoro mamorekuru uye mhosva nezvimedu, chafariz zvinhu.
• Electrical conductivity of dielectric mvura. Dependencies: nemamiriro Morekuru, tembiricha, netsvina, kuvapo guru madzoro maerekitironi uye ions. Conductivity emura dielectrics kunoenderana pamberi unyoro uye netsvina. Conduction dzemagetsi akasikwa zvikuru polar zvinhu vane mvura kune dissociated ions. In achienzanisa polar uye dzisiri polar zvinwiwa, vaakasarudza zvinobatsira mune yokutanga conductivity vane. Kana mvura zviri pachena pakusachena, zvichaita kuti pave zvinoderedza wayo mberi pfuma. With kukura conductivity nemvura fuma uye tembiricha kwayo kuderera viscosity wayo kunoitika, iyo inotungamira vawedzere Ion mufambo.
• Solid dielectrics. electroconductivity kwavo kunokonzerwa sezvo kufamba mhosva dielectric nezvimedu uye netsvina. In simba yemagetsi minda dzakaonekwa ano conductivity.

The ehupfumi kuti dielectrics chaiko

Kana resistivity kwemashoko wakaenzana asingasviki 10-5 Ohm * M anogona kunzi kune conductors. Kana kupfuura 108 Ohm * M - kusvikira dielectrics. Pane zviitiko apo resistivity iri kanoverengeka kupfuura kurwisa yacho kondakita. In kuwanda 10-5-108 Ohm * M ndiye semiconductor. Metallic zvinhu - rakaisvonaka muitisi weChidzidzo magetsi ano.

Yose nguva nenguva table, 25 chete ndivo vasiri nesimbi, 12 vavo pamwe achava semiconductor ehupfumi. Asi, chokwadi, asi patafura zvinhu, pachine alloys zhinji, nziyo kana makemikari pamwe kondakita pfuma, semiconductor kana dielectric. Saka, zvakaoma kuita zvimwe zvinhu zvakasiyana muganhu resistances dzavo. Somuenzaniso, pana akaderedza tembiricha chinhu semiconductor achazvikudza sezvinoita dielectric.

kunyoresa

Kushandiswa asiri anoitisa zvinhu zvikuru zvakawanda, ndiyo imwe dzakakurumbira kushandiswa makirasi magetsi zvinoriumba. It wava zvakajeka kuti vanogona kushandiswa ehupfumi yezviri uye pusa chimiro.

Mugore pusa chimiro dielectric ehupfumi yaishandiswa mafomu mu electrically insulating zvinhu.

In yezviri chimiro, vari kushandiswa ferroelectric uye zvinhu zvemichina nokuda Laser emitters.

chikuru dielectrics

Nokuti kazhinji yokuvamba zvipenyu zvinosanganisira:

• Glass.
• Rabha.
• Oil.
• Asphalt.
• Porcelain.
• Goldstone.
• Air.
• Diamond.
• mvura yakachena.
• Plastic.

Chii chinonzi dielectric mvura?

The polarization iri mhando rinowanikwa mumunda Magetsi. Liquid non-conductive zvinhu zvaishandiswa unyanzvi rekukuputsirai kana impregnating zvinhu. Pane 3 makirasi emura dielectrics:

Petroleum mafuta - vakaderera-viscosity uye kunyanya vasiri polar. Ivo inowanzoshandiswa mukuru-voltage midziyo: mafuta transformer, mukuru mvura. mafuta transformer - asiri polar dielectric. Cable mafuta rave kushandiswa impregnation kuti insulating mapepa-voltage waya kwavari kusvika 40 KV, uye simbi anotsanangura unhani ane kuitika dzinopfuura 120 KV. mafuta transformer achienzaniswa kuti capacitor ane mambure marongerwo. Izvi rworudzi insulator zvinowanzodavirwa kushandiswa kugadzira, pasinei kwemitengo zvichienzaniswa analoginen zvinhu uye zvinhu.

Chii chinonzi chakaita zvokugadzirwa insulator? Parizvino inenge kwese akaramba nokuda mukuru toxicity zvakagadziridzwa pachishandiswa chlorinated kabhoni. A dielectric mvura, inobva makemikari nesilicon, isina zvakatipoteredza ushamwari. Izvi mhando haakonzeri simbi ngura uye ane nzvimbo yakaderera hygroscopicity. Pane thinned insulator dzine organofluorine remubatanidzwa riri kunyanya yakakurumbira nokuda incombustibility kwavo, chafariz zvivako uye oxidative isimbe.

One last Kutarira, izvozvo muriwo anonhuwirira. Ndivo zvakaneta polar dielectrics, izvi zvinosanganisira linseed, Castor, tung, sesame. Castor mafuta rapisa chaizvo uye rinoshandiswa bepa capacitors. The mafuta akasara - kugadzikana. Kusimuka kwemvura mairi kunokonzerwa kwete zvakasikwa kwemvura, makemikari maitiro inonzi polymerization. Vachishingaira kushandiswa enamels uye pendi.

mhedziso

Nyaya iyi yakanga kudzokororwa zvizere, izvo insulator. mhando dzakasiyana uye avo zvivako zvave kutaurwa. Chokwadi, kunzwisisa namano hwounhu dzavo, zvinokosha kuongorora mberi davi wefizikisi pamusoro pavo.