Mibvunzo ipi inopindurwa nenzira jogirafi ano? Basa uye kukura georgafii ano

Shoko "jogirafi" pamwe chete mutauro wechiGiriki rinoreva "pasi tsananguro." sainzi ichi, sezvo vakawanda kuti dzakatangira dzekare. Kare, iye anoita mabasa akasiyana siyana kupfuura zvino. Mibvunzo ipi inopindurwa nenzira jogirafi ano? Zvarinoreva uye chii nematambudziko zviri kugadziriswa? Ngatiedzei kuchiona.

Geography zuro

Familiar kwatiri zvakasikwa, mananara (akadai mvura, mhepo kana kudengenyeka kwenyika) kushamisika chaizvo vekare vanhu. Havana kugona kutsanangura mavambo dzavo, uye naizvozvo vakatya. Pave paya, vanhu tega pachake vamwari, zvavakanga vaitenda anokonzera izvi zvakavapo.

Zvinofungidzirwa kuti sayenzi nzvimbo "akazogadzira" wekare nyanzvi yechiGiriki Eratosthenes rechitatu remakore BC. Ancient jogirafi yabudirira zvikuru. Zvikurukuru, vakawanda mepu vakanga paainyora, ivo Coordonatele pfungwa kwatemwa, akaisa mberi mazano kuti chimiro Pasi dzaro munyika mamiriro, okutanga vakaedza kuyera parameters wedu nyika. Akatevera quantum achikwakuka kukura nzvimbo kwakatoitika muna Renaissance.

Eratosthenes, Herodotus, Kraudhiyo Ptolemy, Mercator Gerhard, Karl Ritter, Aleksandr Gumboldt, Mikhail Lomonosov, Vladimir Vernadsky - mazita aya ose akanyorwa yendarama tsamba munhoroondo geography.

Mibvunzo ipi inopindurwa nenzira jogirafi ano? Uye chii wakananga hunhu waro sechinhu nesayenzi? Izvi huchakurukurwa.

jogirafi nhasi

Modern jogirafi - sayenzi kuparadzira dzinongoitika uye socio-ezvoupfumi mananara ari muchadenga. It inodzidza ukama pakati hunhu uye murume, iye anopa zano sei zvakanakisisa kushandisa paruzhinji pfuma yedu.

Kukura jogirafi ano kunoitika pedyo pamwe nemamwe anoranga: wefizikisi, zvoupfumi, kemisitiri, nhoroondo, zvepfungwa uye zvichingodaro. Hongu, uye iye zvino yava kunzwisisa uye zvakawanda maitiro uye vakashandisa sayenzi maindasitiri.

Kazhinji, kwomuzuva jogirafi inogona muzvikamu makuru maviri:

• Physical jogirafi (kusora zvepanyama pezvakaitwa uye zvakavapo).
• Zveupfumi jogirafi (chidzidzo hwevanhu uye zvinoitwa nevanhu zvoupfumi).

Ko mazuva jogirafi?

Jogirafi, uyewo mimwe sainzi, zvinofamba mberi uye kukura. Kunyange zvakadaro, zvave wakasara navana chivimbo pamusoro nebudiriro masayendisiti kare epochs. Kunyanya, nheyo pakudzidza pezvakaitwa maererano Matambudziko, musana Ritter uye Humboldt, kuronda mune ano nenzvimbo zvidzidzo.

Mibvunzo ipi inopindurwa nenzira jogirafi ano? Kana yapfuura zvakanga kutsvaka mhinduro zvikurukuru mubvunzo "apo?", Nhasi zviri kufarira dambudziko "sei" uye "sei?".

Nhasi pane kuitika mbiri huru kukura munharaunda nesayenzi. First - ndiwo greening vose zvidzidzo dzayo. Wechipiri kuti nzvimbo iri ano post-maindasitiri nzanga iri kuramba ichiva hunobatsira. Zvinonzi kuwedzera kukurumbira ayo private kwemauto - vanonzi zvine urongwa jogirafi. Iye anga kudzidza ehupfumi ose ari nenzvimbo kwezvakatipoteredza, uyewo kufungidzira zvazvinoita zvavo magariro.

Mazuva yokungotaura jogirafi zvikuru nenharo nharo kukonzera matambudziko anotevera:

• dambudziko rimwe chete chinhu kudzidza;
• dambudziko kubatana nzvimbo;
• dambudziko nheyo Geography kwouzivi;
• hunoshanda dambudziko sayenzi uye nevamwe.

Geographical nesayenzi, Chaizvoizvo, chakavapo nokuti anenge maviri nehafu chemakore. Asi nhasi, masayendisiti akawanda mubvunzo unomuka: kana kwete govera sayenzi iyi zvavo? Ko nzvimbo chaiyo yaiva kodzero zviripo chaizvo nhasi? Nyaya anoramba nharo.

Kuwedzera, mumamiriro ezvinhu ose geographers ano vakanzwa mazwi akadai "nzvimbo", "geosystem", "Geopolitics", "urongwa" uye zvichingodaro. N.

In mhedziso ...

Basa jogirafi munyika yemazuva iwayo guru. Pashure pezvose, vari XXI remakore, anoona Pasi kwete chete sezvo nyika wechitatu kubva Sun, uye sezvo musha, musha vanhu mabhiriyoni manomwe. Uye kuti jogirafi nhasi kupfuura vamwe chero zveefa sayenzi pamwe dambudziko Optimization ukama "murume - zvakasikwa" hurongwa.

Mibvunzo ipi inopindurwa nenzira jogirafi ano? Nhasi, ari kutsvaka mhinduro kwete chete netsika mubvunzo kwayo "apo?". Iye anoedzawo kutsanangura "sei" uye "sei?", Anodzidzisa vanhu pfungwa kushandisa zvipo zvakasikwa.