Cultural Anthropology: chinhu kudzidza uye mamiriro

chirango ichi dzesayenzi havagoni kuva angakwanisa nokuti nyaya yacho haina akasiyana kuferefeta kwayo. Ndokusaka munhu ano kududzirwa nemagariro anthropology chinoonekwa sokunge Mupfungwa yakakura uye yakatetepa.

Mupfungwa yakakura, chirango ichi chinoongorora chinhanho vanhu vakawanda uye marudzi, zvichienderana tsika mhando, tsika kuti vanhu ava. Mupfungwa iyi, hazvifaniri kuvhiringidzwa kwomuviri anthropology, sezvo chinhu nesayenzi anoshandisa anonyanya generalized psychophysical ehupfumi munzanga. Cultural anthropology, izvo inodzidza kuratidzwa siyana upenyu hwevanhu kubva pfungwa nemaonero Mediation kwavo vanhu pachisikirwo, rakasiyana pakati anthropology kwouzivi.

In rakamanikana Mupfungwa, chirango ichi akafanana evanhu anthropology, sezvo, zvinhu muupenyu pakutsvakurudza vane nehasha chete. Vose vari kudzidza, pakutanga kwezvose, siyana evanhu masangano chipo muupenyu siyana dzavanhu uye magariro munharaunda.

The chingava chokwadi chokuti magariro anthropology zvakafanana methodological mano sezvo uchapupu chinyorwa ichi. Vanoshandisa nzira tsvakurudzo kuti, kunze kwavari, zvinowanzodavirwa vakashandisa vamwe sayenzi evanhu - ethnography, nhoroondo, evanhu, dzinza zvepfungwa, nhamba uye nezvimwewo.

Chaizvoizvo nemagariro anthropology arikutaura zvishande mabasa aya:

- rondedzero tsika, tsika, mutauro, mafungiro uye maitiro mifananidzo yakasiyana dzavanhu;

- kudzidza nezvemiitiro kuti kukura nekuita tsika dzezvimwe uye vanhu vaigara pavo;

- Kukurukura nyaya chokuita kudzidza nokuzivikanwa nzira avanhu uye munzanga kusiyana kwetsika yanhasi;

- kudzidzwa Genesisi tsika masangano akasiyana dzavanhu vavo kuenzanisa ari nzvimbo-nguva divi;

- nani kunzwisisa tsika vanhu vavo kana munharaunda uye nzvimbo yaro iri kusiyana kwetsika;

- kudzidza hunhu, nzira uye kuratidzwa matambudziko tsika mananara vanhu paumbwe nomumwe maonero vokuparidzira;

- kudzidza hunhu tsika uye madzinza mananara ose ayo dzinopesana zvinhu.

Zvinofanira kusimbiswa kuti kumadokero sayenzi tsika, shoko rokuti "anthropology nemagariro" iri zvichishandurwa zvikuru nepaburi, pachiyero dzokuzvikoshesa kudzidzisa, iyo inotaurwa pasi tsanangudzo "culturalism", "munhau chikoro", vanyori uye Developers vanoziva Fr. Boas, E. Sapir, A. Kroeber, R. Benedict, M. Herskovits. Nokuti dzidziso iyi kunoratidzwa kunorondedzera uye kuenzanisa nemagariro mananara dzakasiyana marudzi avo yose nechinangwa kuenzanisa. Methodologically zviri kugadziriswa nekunhonga mashoko akakodzera dzesayenzi pamusoro upenyu vanhu (nharaunda), ayo kupatsanura, muzvikwata zvisina tsarukano kumativi vamwe vaitungamirira chinhu uye zvinosimbisa chikuru zvinhu. Somugumisiro zvesayenzi nzira, tsika nemagariro kunova sokunge zvazvisingarambiki nheyo kupona upi rudzi kana nzanga.

Sezvo chirango nesayenzi, chiitiko ichi kunoratidzwa:

- rakapinza Paakaramba yemhindumupindu zvavo uye zvetsika kukura avanhu kunyanya mhando;

- akazivisa nemagariro chinja - chido vaongorore zvinokonzerwa netsika pachishandiswa tsika uye nzira kwazvo tsika ichi;

- ngwariro chaiyo dambudziko nesungano pakati "vanhu - tsika", apo basa hauna kutorwa panguva dzose dzakapoteredza vanhu;

- reducibility zvose nemagariro mananara kuti mumwe akavimbika, izvo rinobvumira pasina zvakaoma kuziva tsika genotype vanhu uye enzanisa nevamwe.

Saka, chirango ichi chinhu chisinganzwisisiki substrate umo zvakaoma akatsunga kuva multiplicity pakati nzira kuti kuparadzana nyaya tsvakurudzo, uye kusiyana-siyana pamusoro methodologies yokuwana zivo. Zvakaratidza kuti tsika anthropology rinoongorora zvakasiyana-siyana panyaya.