Commercial pfumbamuromo: pfungwa uye dzinokosha zvatinoita

Nhasi munyika yedu pane akawandisa mhosva iri zvoupenyu upfumi, uye mumwe wavo - ezvokutengeserana pfumbamuromo, inova ngozi zvarakanga inoshanda. Izvi izwi zvinoreva zviviri pakatarisana mhosva. Chokutanga - zviri pamutemo kuwana munhu achiita managerial mabasa mu sangano (vezvokutengeserana kana zvimwe zvakasiyana) mari, kuchengetedzeka uye vamwe pfuma kana pfuma mhando yebasa yezviito (isingadzorwi) muchifarira yaibvumira munhu. Ukuwo, yezvokutengeserana pfumbamuromo pamutemo kuchinjwa munhu muchengeti basa mabasa ari musangano, pamusoro apa zvinhu, inova nyaya chiokomuhomwe, nokuti zviito (isingadzorwi) muchifarira yaibvumira munhu.

The chikuru chinhu utsotsi ichaongororwa kuti mabasa chakaipa pakati sangano, kwete chokuita nehurumende kana matunhu neminisiparati masangano kana miviri. Tinogona kutaura kuti mitemo Russian mu Article 204 yemutemo weCriminal Code, ichi izwi rinobatanidza maviri akafanana mhosva: pfumbamuromo vari muchimiro kugamuchira pamutemo remuneration uye pfumbamuromo muchimiro mubindu pamutemo remuneration. Mumamiriro ezvinhu umo kuwana pfumbamuromo pamwe nezvikwereti, sezvo dzimwe zvinhu inogona kunzi zviri pamutemo kodzero uye zvinofarirwa masangano uye vagari pamutemo akadzivirira zvinofarirwa ehurumende uye nzanga.

Nyaya vezvokutengeserana pfumbamuromo chinguva zvakasiyana chiokomuhomwe. Zvikurukuru, pasi kutambira chiokomuhomwe anonzi zvakanakira pfuma hunhu uye nyaya evanoita zvepfumbamuromo vanoonekwa pamutemo mabasa pfuma-ukama. Kusiyana pfumbamuromo, yezvokutengeserana pfumbamuromo - zviri chete pamutemo zviito (isingadzorwi). Kana fufuro rakasiyana-siyana: yepamutemo uye zvisiri pamutemo nezviito (isingadzorwi), connivance uye mukuru kuchengetedzwa kubasa. By kutunhidza kukundikana kutora zvakakwana matanho anoshanda kuti kutyorwa uye dzakasiyiwa vaita. To patronage - usina kusimudzirwa, kukwidziridzwa.

Commercial Mubayiro iri mhosva diki (p.1 CC RF) kuti zvive nomwero (kana Classified ne zvikamu 2-4). Chiokomuhomwe vaiona chiito kana chinhu chawo inoparadzirwa kwete chete kune munhu avepo administrative kushanda, asiwo mhuri yake uye chizvarwa vanhu. Zvisinei, pano pane chimwe chinodiwa: munhu achiita managerial mabasa anofanira akabvumirana kuchinjwa yacho kana kuisa nezvazvo uye kushandisa maoko avo kubata muchifarira bribed munhu.

mhosva iyi ichakurukurwa kwakakwana pashure kwakakwana kana kukwana chionekeso (chinja) zvinhu zvisiri pamutemo zvinhu kana mabasa. Zvikonzero kugamuchira kana achitumira mhosva yacho ingava yakajeka kana akafukidzwa yakazonyorwa muripo, chipo, kurasikirwa. Uyezve, pane pfungwa kuedza kuti chiokomuhomwe. Panyaya iyi, kuedza anoonekwa ezvinhu apo mumwe mapato vasarudze kubva kugamuchira (hutachiwana) zvisiri pamutemo remuneration, uye kurutivi rwechipiri akaedza kuita zvimwe chiito, kwete chete vakaratidza vavariro dzavo panyaya iyi.