Code. Ko mutemo waitaura zvaifanira kuitwa?

All tinofanira kurarama maererano nemitemo. Vamwe vari yakagadzirirwa kudzivirira zvinodiwa nehurumende uye nzanga, uye vamwe anongoti muenzaniso mamwe maitiro, saka kuti tizive chii uye sei kuita. mitemo Most zviripo vakasununguka chimiro, asi paine waitaura zvaifanira kuitwa, rinonyatsooneka uye aizivikanwa nevoruzhinji.

"Mutemo kunonyanyisa, asi murairo"

Chokwadi, apo wokutanga code, hapana anoti zvakarurama. Midzi yavo ndeyemunguva Greece yekare uye Roma, asi rinoita codification mitemo akatanga pedyo yaitonga Soviet Union (XX remakore). Zvinokosha kucherechedza kuti nemhaka iyo systematization mitemo romutemo kukaonekwa. Chii systematization? It inodzorwa, akangwara muitiro kuunza mitemo iri muronga hurongwa maonero. Zvakatanga nguva refu, asi achishingaira akatanga kushandiswa chete XVII-XVIII emakore., Somuenzaniso, yakakurumbira Code Napoleon. Mune remangwana, systematization mitemo kuchava chimwe chezvinhu zvinokosha mabasa ehurumende kwemiviri. Zvinonzwisiswa kuti mutemo chakagadzirirwa waidzora uye kuzvidzora, kuranga kwava, zvokuti, somunhu mutemo, ndizvo kudzivirira uye kuri basa, asi nemhaka kuomerera yake kunofanira vose vaya rakanyorerwa.

How systematized Mitemo

Kazhinji, Mhando systematization 3 - codification, nenzvimbo, kukumbanidzwa. In yedu mhuri pamutemo (Roman-German) codification zvikuru dzakasimukira, mugumisiro unova bumbiro remitemo. Chii codification? Ndiyo mhando systematization mitemo iyo zvose mirayiro anoyera "mutemo" wedare imwe nzvimbo evanhu upenyu, ikashandiswa imwe. Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore, bumbiro remitemo - mitemo yeUnited, uye iye pachake ndiye mutemo, saka chinowanzoonekwa nezvavo savakuru Federal Code. Pari zvino pane Codes dzakawanda the Russian Federation - kutiona kuti Civil Code of Criminal vatevedzere, uye zvose zvakasikwa ari codification mitemo. Vanogona kuwedzera, shanduko uye runyangarike chete pahwaro zvimwe mitemo yeUnited, zvichiratidza vaya nezvazvo. mutemo Federal, sezvo Kazhinji, kushanda panyika yose wehurumende yedu, uye zvaida kuti aite zvose vagari vayo (kubva vanhu uye anopera vehurumende) uye kunyange nyika yavo vanhu vari vagari imwe ehurumende, etc.

Zvinangwa uye Zvinangwa

Chekutanga Codes zvose zvakagadzirirwa waidzora nharaunda zvoupenyu paruzhinji, uye zvakajeka zvikuru. Zvichienderana nezvakanyorwa nokudzorwa Code, rine zvinangwa zvayo uye zvinangwa, kunyange pane dzakafanana kuti mitemo zvose - kuramba zvido kwenzanga uye ehurumende kuvadzivirira. Mumwe mabasa normative-pamutemo uchava nhau murau, kusanganisira, uye bumbiro remitemo. Chii ichi zvose pamusoro? Public ukama nedanho upenyu. Vanogona kuva mukati murayiro, uye kutyora nayo. Uyezve, kana isu kutaura zvakananga pamusoro codification, zvinokosha kuziva kuti chinangwa chacho zvakare kupa chiito chakadaro, kuti ndezvipi dzinokodzera vagari. Kureva mamiriro anotarisira pamutemo dzidzo tsika kuburikidza pakusika kuwana uye unonzwisisika mabasa. Chokwadi, havasi vose midziyo bumbiro iwe kunzwisiswa achaita kana iwe usiri gweta, asi izvi zvinoita kuti mamwe weupirikiri mabasa, yakanyorwa mashoko kuti Code - ndiro basa mukuru mitumbi dzeutongi uye Paramende.

maonero

Mumwe bumbiro iri panoonekwa vanhu uye kunyange mamiriro ake pachake, zvizhinji zvinoenderana zvinangwa uye zvinangwa hwakagadzira pacharo, kubva kuwanda paruzhinji uye ehurumende zvido izvo kudzivirira. Famous, enshrined mumurau okuti - "kusaziva mutemo pembedzo" - kune nyaya kugara gakava, nokuti chimwe chinhu - kuziva mutemo mhosva, ndeimwewo - kuziva zvizere mazita administrative zvigumbuso, iyo inogona anosimbisa Russian Federation. Zvisinei, kuziva mutemo enshrines nheyo fungidziro chero bumbiro. Chii fungidziro, uye nei izvozvo ndee? nzvimbo iyi haatarisiri kururamiswa (sezvo axiom mu geometry) uye kugadzira zvakafanira kuti maturo.