Chimiro zvakazorodza kuSiberia papuratifomu. The zvicherwa of Siberian Platform

Siberian papuratifomu, kana. sezvazvakanyorwa wakanzi Eastern Siberian Platform, kuitira kusiyanisa kubva West Siberian ndeimwe chikuru zvinhu nokudzidza Russian zvemaumbirwo. On Ndima yayo ane inokosha chicherwa deposits, mukuwedzera, kudzidzwa inotungamirwa wayo nechipo ezvinhu Zvinofadza kubva evasingatombonamati esayenzi maonero. Subsoil uye kuzorodzwa chimiro kuSiberia pachikuva fadza pfungwa kuchizvarwa vanopfuura mumwe masayendisiti. Hendei, tigokuitira pamwe huru nyaya nechokuita chino Continental goko.

nzvimbo

Chekutanga vanowana kupi inoona nezvenjodzi ndiyo nheyo kuSiberia papuratifomu. uremu Its chikuru iri mu nechokumabvazuva reRussia kweSiberia kuti kuSiberia uye Far Eastern Federal maruwa. In rwezasi, chikuva anouya munharaunda kuMongolia.

Kubva kumavirira ndicho dzinongoitika Muganhu mugero of Yenisei River, kuchamhembe - gomo Byrranga riri Taimyr Peninsula kumabvazuva - the Lena River kumaodzanyemba - Yablonovy anooneka zvikuru nemichinjiziri, inova Dzhugdur uye Pribaikalskaya maitiro nezvikanganiso.

The Geological chikamu Siberian Platform ndiyo chikamu Eurasian lithosphere mundiro uye riri kuchamhembe-kumabvazuva chikamu. Kumadokero kwayo adjoins dzokuMadokero Siberian Platform, kumaodzanyemba - iri Ural-Mongolian bhandi, kumabvazuva - Western Pacific mapazi, uye kuchamhembe-richierera mvura kweArctic Ocean kuti vakawanda gore, zvakavigwa pasi chando.

History dzidzo

Zvino ngatidzidze sei kuumba runoenzanirana zvakazorodza kuSiberia pachikuva nemamiriyoni kwemakore Geological pezvakaitwa yave akaumba.

Izvi nzvimbo Continental panyika nechepasi mufananidzo platforms yekare, kana cratons. Kusiyana nemamwe mapoka, rayakavambwa kare Precambrian nguva, izvo zvinoreva kuti shoma yezera idzodzo dzakadaro makore mamiriyoni 541. Vakashumira sehwaro paumbwe makondinendi, achiva kwavo core.

Siberian kuchikuva zvinoreva mhando Laurasian. Izvi zvinoreva kuti ari Mesozoic nguva, kwaiva chikamu kondinendi Laurasia. Asi nguva refu iyi yakatanga kutora kuoneka yekare Siberian papuratifomu. Landform vakatanga kutora kuoneka shure Archean nguva, kureva hapana paya pane mabhiriyoni 2,5 akapfuura. Zvisinei, kunyange zvazvo dzakafanana ano zvishoma. Vanoumba hwaro rakapedzwa pakutanga pakati Proterozoic yaitonga, kuguma iyo kuchikuva akazadza kudzika gungwa, zvikuru paumbwe sedimentary pakavha. Mukupera Ordovician papuratifomu rakanga riri mundima kondinendi Angarida. Gare gare, iye nevamwe makondinendi nyika yakanga akabatanidzwa kuva kondinendi chete - Pangea. In Mesozoic, sezvataurwa pamusoro apa, pamwe kuSiberia Platform West Siberian mundiro uye East European papuratifomu, pashure kuparadzana Pangea, akaumba Laurasia kondinendi. Pashure yakawondomoka kuSiberia pachikuva rava chikamu Eurasia.

Ndizvo pamusoro uye akaumba kuSiberia Platform.

mamiriro

Sechivako kuSiberia pachikuva zvakafanana sechivako zvose zvimwe platforms zvekare. At nheyo dzaro ane nheyo kuumbwa shure Archean uye mangwanani Proterozoic panguva. hwaro Top chinofukidza matombo sedimentary pakavha, akaumba mumwe yakazotevera zera, kunyanya sezvo chigadzirwa magma mabasa. Izvi imhaka yokuti kare kwaiva nharaunda dzakakwirira kuputika basa uye magma yakabuda kubva muura enyika, akaumba kavha musungo. Asi munzvimbo mbiri panguva nheyo pachikuva achiri anouya pamusoro. Goho Precambrian mabwe ari pamusoro anonzi nhoo.

Solid zvivako ine matatu pamatombo: greenstone, granular bhanhire, uyewo kunzwisisa uye mudzi- yo orthogneisses.

Nhovo kuSiberia Platform

On munharaunda kuSiberia pachikuva, pane mapuranga maviri - the Anabar uye Aldan.

Aldan iri mu kumaodzanyemba chikamu papuratifomu. The jogirafi nzvimbo ino inonzi Aldan rwenze.

Anabar nhoo duku zvikuru uye vemunyika kuchamhembe chikamu papuratifomu munharaunda yacho Central Siberian Plateau, panzvimbo inonzi Anabar rwenze. Kunonyanyisa kukwirira kwayo pamusoro pegungwa iri 905 metres.

Central Siberian rwenze

Zvino ngationei kuti akaita kuzorodzwa yemazuva ano kuSiberia papuratifomu.

The chikuru Chikamu ndima ndiye Central Siberian Plateau. It anotaura kuti alternation yakaderera anooneka zvikuru nemichinjiziri nenzvimbo dzakakwirira. The soro rwenze pfungwa - Mount Stone. It riri muna Midlands Putorana uye ane mumhu 1701 metres pamusoro pegungwa. Asi avhareji kukwirira Central Siberian Plateau ari makubhiti 500-800 chete. Mukuwedzera, panguva rakaorera ichi anofanira dzinounzwa Anabar rwenze, izvo isu ataurwa chete pamusoro. Zviri protrusion Anabarskiy kuvharidzira pemvura. The yakakwirira rwenze - 905 metres pamusoro pegungwa.

Kumadokero kwemupata runopoteredza nyika Yenisei Ridge, izvo panguva anoshumira muganhu kwaari uye kuSiberia pachikuva yose. Its avhareji yakakwirira iri 900 metres pamusoro pegungwa, asi zvasvika vaifanira paGomo Enashimsky Polkan uye ndiyo 1104 m. Mune Yenisei Ridge, ndipo West Siberian papuratifomu.

Kumaodzanyemba uye rwezasi-kumabvazuva Muganhu Central Siberian Plateau ndiye Angarsk muhomba. Avhareji kukwira iri pakati 700 uye 1000 metres pamusoro pegungwa, kufadza - 1022 m.

Kumabvazuva uye kumaodzanyemba-kumabvazuva Central Siberian Plateau, uye nokudaro runoenzanirana chimiro zvakazorodza kuSiberia pachikuva, zvakanaka kupinda Tsentralnoyakutskuyu pachena. Mune imwe nzira, nayo achiri kunzi Tsentralnoyakutskoy kana Leno Vilyui pamapani. Chikamu chikuru nharaunda yayo vaifanira yakakwirira pamusoro pegungwa hakuiti kupfuudza 100-200 m, asi kumucheto mamita anosvika 400.

Landform Siberian kuchikuva nani ndokudzora pamusoro menyika watersheds. Naizvozvo, izvi watersheds kukwirira hakuiti kupfuudza 400-600 mamita. Zvikurukuru, mashoko aya anoreva miganhu nembiya of Angara River, kuti Lower Tunguska uye Vilyuya.

Zvimwe zvinhu zvakazorodza kuSiberia Platform

In rwezasi-kumabvazuva Central Siberian Plateau ndipo Aldan rwenze. Kusiyana nezviri pamusoro apa zvinhu, hazvisi rutivi ebani, asi, zvakadaro, chikamu kuSiberia Platform, achimirira zvibereko pamusoro pemvura crystalline kwayo nhovo. Zviri pamusoro munharaunda Aldan Plateau ndiye yakakwirira kuSiberia pachikuva, kusvika kumusoro wegungwa pa 2306 mamita. Asi zvizhinji Highlands ane kureba isingadariki chiuru mamita.

Landform Siberian Platform kwazvo rwezasi-kumabvazuva ane yemakomo hunhu. Pano, zviri Khabarovsk Territory, yaiva Dzhugdzhugur makomo. Kunyange zvazvo avhareji pakakwirira zvakaoma kupfuura Aldan dzakakwirira, gomo rakareba Topko muduku ukuru yakakwirira rwenze. Mountain vira ane mumhu 1906 metres pamusoro pegungwa. Length Dzhugdzhugur makomo kuchamhembe-kumabvazuva kusvikira kumaodzanyemba-kumadokero mhenderekedzo yeGungwa Okhotsk ndiye 700 makiromita.

Saka, tinoziva zvavo nemashoko, chii chiri chimiro zvakazorodza kuSiberia papuratifomu.

hydrography

Zvino funga huru mvura mitumbi kuSiberia papuratifomu. Kazhinji, paraimbova zvaitsamira kwenzvimbo, uye chete ipapo, pashure kwayo, nzizi uye nyanza, izvo zvinowanikwa mudunhu iri zvakanaka zvizhinji, pachavo kutanga kufurira paumbwe mamiriro enzvimbo.

The Kudeuka gang - Yenisey - muganhu chaivo kumavirira kuSiberia papuratifomu. Uyu ndomumwe nzizi pakukura munyika, iyo kureba 3487 mamita.

Kazhinji muganhu kuSiberia pachikuva, chete nguva ino kumabvazuva, ndeimwe rwizi guru - Lena. Kunyange zvazvo chikamu anotakura mvura yaro zvakananga pachikuva nzvimbo. Its kureba 4400? Km.

Kumaodzanyemba kuSiberia pachikuva mune nzvimbo diki neVadzidzi gobvu nyanza munyika - Lake Baikal.

Pakati pezvimwe waterways makuru ruchiyerera napakati Siberian Platform, nezvezvichaitwa Angara River, uye Lower Tunguska Viluy.

Zvicherwa wokumaodzanyemba Siberian Platform

Zvino tinofanira kuongorora zvicherwa zvenyika Siberian papuratifomu. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti Mother Nature akavapa nharaunda zvakati akawanda. Chii vaichengeta mudumbu Eastern Siberian Platform?

Aldansky nhoo ari kuchengetera chaiye nesimbi esimbi. Uyewo, Aldan Plateau uyewo mined mhangura, marasha, Mika, uye kunyange ndarama.

Asi reserves kupfuura ndarama uye mangoda iri munharaunda Yakutia, inova pfuma chaiyo Russia. Munyika iyoyo mined "ibwe combustible" riri mundima Lena marasha bheseni.

Uyezve, marasha migodhi kunoitika mukati menyika tunguska Irkutsk uye madziva kuti dziri munzvimbo Yakutia Krasnoyarsk uye Irkutsk nharaunda.

Zvicherwa Northern Siberian Platform

The zvicherwa zviri Siberian pachikuva kuchamhembe chikamu chacho, kunyanya kusimbiswa mundima Anabar nhovo. Apa pane deposits pamusoro apatite, anorthosite, titanomagnetites. Copper uye nickel vari mined kumativi Norilsk.

Asi ari mafuta uye gasi, sezvo ichienzaniswa nzvimbo muna Western Siberia, mundima East-Siberian murombo papuratifomu. Paaiva kumaodzanyemba uye rwokumusoro anewo minda mafuta, asi zviduku zvikuru zvizhinji.

ivhu

The topmost rukoko kufukidza nzvimbo kuSiberia papuratifomu, ndiye ivhu. Chimbofunga nezvemarudzi zvavari anomirirwa kudzidzawo nharaunda.

Kupiwa kuti chikuru chikamu kuSiberia pachikuva Anofukidza boreal dondo, ivhu, kuumbwa pano anoenderana ichi dzinongoitika nharaunda. In rwokumusoro - ndiyo permafrost taiga kumaodzanyemba - pevhu-sango. In rwezasi, nzvimbo huru inogarwa pevhu-podzolic nevhu, dzimwe nguva pane musoro dondo, uye kunyange dema pasi. Chete zvapedzisira rwevhu kubva zvose izvi zvakasiyana mukuru kubereka.

General zvechadenga kuSiberia Platform

Sezvaunogona kuona, kuSiberia pachikuva - mumwe mukuru Geological idzodzo Panyika. Relief vazhinji nharaunda chinomiririrwa nenzvimbo dzakakwirira, uye chete pamusoro miganhu pachikuva iri nenzwi vade makomo kana nezvikomo.

Nharaunda iri akafuma kwazvo zvicherwa siyana. Pakati pavo tinofanira kutaura simbi mhangura, marasha, apatite, goridhe uye mangoda. Pane mafuta, kunyange haisi huru chinoratidza mudunhu zveumwe. Asi ivhu iri munharaunda pachikuva hauna mukuru kubereka.