Chikamu chimwe nechimwe mugungwa - zviri chigamba rose

Mvura inokosha zvisikwa zvose kuti tirarame. Izvi hazvishamisi, mushure zvose, upenyu pasi redu rikabuda mvura. Water akafukidza anopfuura makumi manomwe kubva muzana pose redu.

Weboka iri mumakungwa

All zvinhu mvura yepasi vanoumba mumakungwa. Chimwe mumakungwa zviripo hwepedyo nomumwe. Kudeuka weboka mvura zvinhu rinoitwa pasi munyanza, izvo pane zvina kwenyika; Pacific, yeAtlantic, Indian uye kweArctic. Vamwe geographers vanowanzotevedzera kuwedzera aya shanu - Southern, zita sezvo kumativi Antarctica mvura. Asi ruzhinji achingoramba mana chete. Uye gungwa, bays uye pakamanikana - chikamu munyanza. Izvi zvinoreva kuti mumwe nomumwe mana vaRafa expanses mvura ine yayo zvinoriumba. Oceanic miganhu iripo chete conditionally. Kudivi rimwe, ndiwo chikamu yakaoma uye chitsuwa, uye kuno rumwe - nayo nekuparadzwa uye meridians panyika.

Mabviro ezwi rokuti

The vatsvakurudzi yokutanga European kupfuura gungwa wenyika vachiona Magellan gumi nenhanhatu remakore. Ose nguva yake inofamba mvura iyi vakanga vakadzikama, saka akatora zita - Pacific. Mazita nezvimwe munyanza zvakajeka. Atlantic akawana zita rayo pashure kunozivikanwa Atlanta - gamba echiGiriki mungano, uyo rwakabata denga pamafudzi ake ari kure kumadokero Mediterranean. mvura All, yaiva kumavirira, mu nemanomwe remakore vakagamuchira zita ngano gamba. The Indian akatanga kunzi saka, zvakare, nemhaka vaRoma vekare chete. Pliny asati auya chedu zvaainyora inonzi penyanza vachikudza zvikuru nomukurumbira mumazuva iwayo, nyika yokumabvazuva, asi zita kwakakurumbira chete nemitanhatu remakore, pashure yokutanga Tours nyika. Russian zita "Arctic" akabvumirwa chete muzana remakore rechimakumi maviri, nekuti kunze nzvimbo iri kuchamhembe chezvinonhuwira penyanza - zviri mazitombo echando. Nepo vakawanda munyika dzokuMadokero, izvozvo anongonzi kweArctic kubva epakati namapfumbamwe remakore.

gungwa nyika

Sea, bays uye pakamanikana munzvimbo zvachose munzvimbo nyanza kuchengeta kubva gumi namashanu eighteen muzana. The chete Kusara: kweArctic, nzvimbo rokuti zvikamu izvo zvinopfuura makumi manomwe kubva muzana. Most vakanyarara chikamu penyanza - ndiro gungwa. Ivo dzakaparadzaniswa zvikamu kondinendi, kana zvitsuwa pemvura miti uye saka siyana rimwe zviratidzo mvura dzasara - pamwero salinity, tembiricha kana dzenzvimbo. Inobva mwero chinhambwe kubva pagungwa gungwa mvura vari shoma (Barents), zvemukati (Mediterranean) uye Inter-chitsuwa (Philippine). The chete Kusara kubva pamazita - Gungwa Sargasso, kuti anosarudza chete zita algae. Pacific Ocean rinofukidza nzvimbo huru. nzvimbo Its Dzava makumi mashanu muzana rose mvura pamusoro. Saka, chikamu Pacific Ocean vari kupfuura hombe iri kukura, kwazvo kukura duku - kweArctic - mashoma nguva.

Bays vavo mhando

Bays - zviduku ichienzaniswa makungwa nzvimbo mvura nzvimbo, idzo dzinoyerera kupinda kondinendi. Asi ndivo zvinoumba pfungwa "munyanza". Rutivi Rwenyika Ocean, izvo hazvizivani coves - huru iyi munharaunda yeAtlantic mu European uye Nordic mvura akapoteredza Canada uye Russia. Kana classifying nyanza avakuru pakugoverwa, muna quantitative mazwi, pakutanga pachava zvirokwazvo bays. Pashure pezvose, iyi mhando rinosanganisira zvose bays, fjords, estuaries, lagoons.

Kunyange wokutanga uyo akaona Pacific Ocean European - Spanish wevarwi - vanouti Southern gungwa, nekuti pamberi chete kuzarura bay. Kune Chokwadi, uye makuru bays, dzakadai Bengal kana Mexico, asi vakawanda vavo chaizvo duku. Uye kana masayendisiti kubvumirana mafungiro kuti makungwa yepasi pamusoro makumi matanhatu, asi bays kubudikidza akawanda mirairo unokosha zvikuru, asi chaiyo nhamba count kwakaoma zvisingaiti. Uye kupfuura nhamba bays - rokuti zvikamu zviri Atlantic Ocean.

Pakamanikana rwokuzvarwa uye chakagadzirwa

Pakamanikana akadana asi kwete rakafara nyanza uye makungwa ayo delimited maviri nyika nzvimbo, asi panguva imwe chete kubatanidza reservoirs maviri. Pakamanikana vakakamurwa upamhi, udzamu, udzamu, uyewo mirayiridzo mvura kufamba. Vane yakamanikana zvikuru, dzakadai dziri Bosphorus pakati Black uye Marmara makungwa, aine paupamhi chete mazana manomwe metres, uye rakapamhamha chaizvo, sezvo Drake Passage pakati Atlantic uye makungwa Pacific kuti noupamhi vanopfuura chiuru makiromita.

Uyezve spillage, pane imwe kumbonyanya rakasiyana chimiro remubatanidzwa aqueous dzezvimwe pakati pavo. Asi ichi hachisi chikamu munyanza. Ava channel chakagadzirwa kuti anovaka vanhu kuti mhanyisa kufamba ngarava. Chokutanga, vanhu akabatana rwizi, uye ipapo gungwa. A pfupi ichangopfuura nhoroondo zvaanoda interconnect mumakungwa. Yakakurumbira ndiwo ari neSuez Canal, unobva Mediterranean uye nepaGungwa Dzvuku, uye pamwechete navo Atlantic uye Indian nyanza, uyewo Panama Canal, iyo Inowedzera nzira kubva kuAtlantic kusvika Pacific Ocean.