Chii pyrolysis? Kutsanangura pfungwa muitiro

Chii pyrolysis? Kunorevei rine kuti ano makemikari indasitiri? Tigokuitira pamwe nyaya.

Musi pyrolysis pamusoro Mahydrocarbon

Saka, chii pyrolysis? Tsanangudzo iyi hunosanganisira chafariz manyowa ari makemikari mukomboni pasina kuvapo okisijeni. Pasi disintegration ramafuta, marasha, huni. Mushure muitiro unobereka kwetunhu gasi, uyewo mamwe mugumo zvigadzirwa.

gadzira Features

pyrolysis kuita rinoitwa panguva tembiricha kuti 800 900. inegumi. Izvi anonzi chikuru imwe paumbwe ethylene. Ichi yeHydrocarbon unsaturated zvinokosha feedstock zvakasiyana-siyana Organic yeimwe: benzene, divinyl propylene.

huni pyrolysis

Nharo pamusoro chii pyrolysis, tinoona kuti kekutanga michina iri makemikari kubudiswa mafuta uye gasi yave patented AA Summer muna 1877. Chii pyrolysis huni? Izvi zvakaitwa rinoitwa panguva tembiricha vanenge 500 inegumi. Rinobatanidzwa nokuumbwa dzinonetsa zvinoriumba zvakadai namakemikari zvinhu sezvo acetic acid, marasha, nebwe, acetone. Sezvo nyika yedu iri "pfuma" masango muRussia anoshanda miti yakakura huni pyrolysis rikurumidze.

pyrolysis tsvina

Pyrolysis tsvina iri rinokosha nezvacho kuparadzwa mhuri tsvina. Kuoma kunzwisisa pyrolysis kuti mapurasitiki, matai, siyana makemikari tsvina nokuti kuti vaifungidzira zvakasiyana ano, izvo akasiyana yekudyidzana kubva muitiro processing zvimwe zvikukutu zvinhu.

The Zvinoumba zhinji tsvina isuferi, kuiisa chlorine, phosphorus, izvo pashure oxidation (inotungamirwa oxides) kuwana ehupfumi volatility. The pyrolysis zvigadzirwa vari kukanganisa zvakatipoteredza.

Kana kukurukurirana pamusoro kuiisa chlorine pamwe Organic zvinhu vakaumba pashure pokupedza manyowa kwacho, pane anobuda refu noxious yeimwe zvakadai dioxins. Kuti andobata zvigadzirwa izvi emit utsi, zvinoda rinokosha kuisa pyrolysis. nzira kwakadaro kunoda inokosha zvinhu mari.

Nokuti nyika dzokuEurope, zvikuru zvipenyu nezvakazvipoteredza kukosha ndiro dambudziko marara yekare matai, rabha zvinoriumba izvo mukazviita upenyu hwavo basa. Nokuti kuti yepanyama mafuta feedstock ari irreplaceable maonero zvicherwa, anofanira kushandiswa kufadza panosvika yechipiri kupfuma.

Dzeimba uye kuvakwa masarasara kuwana guru siyana zvinhu zviri Organic uye inorganic sezvamunoita, saka zvakakosha kuva nzvimbo iyi maindasitiri.

Polymers uye matai ava zvinokosha mbishi zvinhu zvikuru. Mushure kugadzira nokuda yakaderera-tembiricha pyrolysis kunogona kuwanikwa mvura chikamu zvine Mahydrocarbon (chakaita zvokugadzirwa mafuta), mumwe combustible gasi, carbon vakasara uye simbi netambo. Kana kutsva matani rabha tai ukasunungurwa mumhepo, sezvakarayirwa 270 makirogiramu ose kabhoni dema uye vanenge 450 makirogiramu pakati gaseous zvine chepfu.

reongororo gasi

muvhenganiswa ichi rehydrogen uye carbon monoxide (2). In muindasitiri akamboona zvinonzi yaunganidzwa kuitisa chiutsi zvokuvandudza pamusoro methane, gasification kuti marasha, methane oxidation kubudiswa makemikari tsvina. Zvichienderana mabikirwo iyo pave kwetunhu gasi, sezvamakaropafadzwa nhamba carbon monoxide uye rehydrogen anogona siyana mukati kuwanda kubva 1: 1 kusvika 1: 3.

Pakati zvikuru kushanda kunoita yakatsvuka zvinhu zvinotora nzvimbo inokosha kugadzira methanol uye Fischer-Tropsch kwetunhu. Rinoreva makemikari maitiro kuti anowanika pamberi anowedzera. It kunoratidzwa kutendeuka carbon monoxide uye rehydrogen zvakasiyana-siyana emura Mahydrocarbon. Kumboda sezvo catalysts (accelerators) kudyidzana ichi anosarudzwa cobalt nedare.

The specificity uyu muitiro Kukwanisa kubereka chakaita zvokugadzirwa zvokuvakisa chikumbiro yavo ine mafuta lubricating chakaita zvokugadzirwa kana mafuta.

Specificity mvumo

Chii kemisitiri nemapinduriro? Ngatiedzei kufunga kuti chii. Definition of pyrolysis kwave kukurukurwa pamusoro, uye ikozvino pfungwa yacho makemikari kwacho. Fischer-Tropsch muitiro kunosanganisira kuita kuti methane pamwe okisijeni. Zvaakazoita zvigadzirwa vari carbon monoxide uye rehydrogen. The Zvakaitwa akapa alkane dzakatevedzana yeHydrocarbon uye mvura mhute. It akaumba yeHydrocarbon zvinhu pashure yokuzvinatsa chinoshandiswa kuumba munhu mafuta chakaita zvokugadzirwa.

pyrolysis Meaning

Carbon monoxide gasi uye rehydrogen gasi inoumbwa haasaruri oxidation yematanda uye marasha. Zvinoreva munhu kwacho akadaro paumbwe hwakasimba mbishi zvinhu (tsvina yeHydrocarbon kana marasha) rehydrogen kana zvokunwa Mahydrocarbon.

Kana nonoxidative pyrolysis pakati yakasimba tsvina pari pakati makemikari indasitiri zvibereko usage gasi. Vamwe rinoshandiswa mune motokari chinotsva pasina humwe kubudiswa kuburikidza yacho Fischer-Tropsch kuita. Kana zvakakodzera, shandisa mvura mafuta zvakafanana paraffins uye mafuta vakashandisa itsanangudzo namakemikari michina.

Kana zvakakodzera kuwedzera uwandu rehydrogen zvinoberekwa nokuchinja Vhoriyamu chiutsi iri misha iyi mukana wokuti vanhu vanga namakemikari zvakanyatsoenzana. Pakadaro, pashure pokupedza nemapinduriro yakabereka rehydrogen uye carbon dioxide.

Improvement michina

Mushure kuwanikwa, yakaitwa muna 1920 ne vaongorori wokuGermany Hans Tropsch uye Frantsem Fisherom, ruzivo rwokugadzira kakawanda modernized, nani. Zvishoma nezvishoma uwandu chakaita zvokugadzirwa mafuta akasikwa pyrolysis, muGermany yakasvika 124 zviuru emiti pazuva. Kwakadaro nechiidzo iripo muna 1944.

modernity

Mazuvano, pane makambani makuru maviri, izvo zvinoshandiswa yayo Fischer-Tropsch rwokugadzira. Most Diesel chinotsva zvinoberekwa pyrolysis South Africa, unozotevera oxidation zvinogadzirwa kuumbwa.

Cherechedzai anopiwa kwemakemikari michina vawana pashure masayendisiti akatanga kutsvaka nzira kubereka yakaderera-sarufa Diesel zvinhu anokwanisa kukonzera shoma kukuvadza mhoteredzo. Somuenzaniso, makambani US parizvino feedstock kusarudzwa chemubhotoro kana marasha, ichibereka mura Mahydrocarbon yemhando yepamusoro.

Pasinei nokuti pyrolysis kwacho chinhu akasimba rwokugadzira inogona kushandiswa pamwero, inobatanidzwa nekaupenyu yakakwirira zvinhu mari kuti kugadziridza uye dzigadziridzwe installation. For vagadziri vakawanda iri tisaita, nekuti pane tsika tikarega nyika mafuta mitengo.

mhedziso

World marasha reserves yakakura zvakakwana. Vanogona kushandiswa senzira huni rine nokuda Kuparadzwa mafuta zvinokosha. Vakaongorora munyaya mafuta uye gasi maindasitiri, vane chokwadi kuti pyrolysis anogona kubereka yepamusoro Mahydrocarbon. Vanoona kuti kunoguma huni haana chete chepamusoro kwezvakatipoteredza unongotaura kuchienzaniswa nemafuta emotokari, asiwo zvakakwana anogamuchirwa vatengi ari mutengo siyana. Kana ibatanidzo Fischer-Tropsch uye biomass gasification zvinogoneka kutaura nzira zvinovimbisa kuti mukugadzira wokurarama pachake nemotokari mafuta.

Chakaita zvokugadzirwa mbishi zvinhu yaunganidzwa pyrolysis kuti marasha ndiyo yemakwikwi chete kana mutengo mafuta pamusoro $ 40 mudhiramu. Nokuti kugadzirwa musanganiswa Mahydrocarbon akadaro anodiwa kuti mari iri kuwanda nomwe mabhiriyoni mapfumbamwe emadhora kuti zviuru makumi masere emiti kuti chakaita zvokugadzirwa mafuta. Technologies chokuita pyrolysis muitiro, kuzivikanwa dzezvakatipoteredza rinonyanya zvakatipoteredza ushamwari. Ndokusaka achangopfuura makore, akawanda dzakabudirira teererai zvikuru kukura nzira itsva hwokubereka yeHydrocarbon rinochiwedzera, izvo kuvatendera kuenda kure chinyakare mafuta mbishi zvinhu. Nokuda rwokugadzirwa utsanzi uye kuvandudzika ngetani pyrolysis kwacho kwava yekudyidzana isingadhuri uye nyore kuwana yepamusoro emura Mahydrocarbon. The zvichiguma chigadzirwa rinoshandiswa kwete chete sezvo huni asiwo dzakasiyana-siyana Organic zvinhu.