Chii Pascal. Zvirongwa Pascal

Chii chinonzi Pascal? Zvikuru yakawanda vanhu vanobvunza nyaya iyi. Zvikurukuru, ava ndivo vanhu vanoshandisa kombiyuta pane zvinokosha pamwero. Pascal - ichi ndechimwe zvirongwa mitauro zvikuru nevanhu. Kudzidza, kazhinji chesekondari kana ari mapoka mumayunivhesiti okutanga. Zvinonzi vaiona hwaro nezvimwe mitauro zvirongwa.

nyaya

Chii Pascal, takawana kunze. zvino isu mberi zvakananga munhoroondo yacho chidzoke uye kubudirira. Language Musiki - Niklaus Wirth. Zvakange muhurukuro nguva kubva 1968 kusvika 1969. Pascal kusika pfungwa akauya kwaari pashure pokupinda chaiyo komiti iri kukura mutauro. Chii Pascal, zvinofadza vakawanda ruzivo programmers. Zita iri riri mutauro ainzi pashure yakakurumbira musayendisiti French Blaise Pascal, riri kunyanya kukurumbira kusikwa zvokuimba muchina, akapfupikisa nhamba mbiri.

The Bhuku chii Pascal rokutanga, akazviratidza muna 1970. Vakataura pamusoro chinangwa chikuru rakasikwa mutauro uyu, akadai kushanda, izvo aizobatsirawo zvakaisvonaka zvirongwa unyanzvi uye date yokuronga patsva.

The Implementation mutauro

• UCSD Pascal. ino rakavambwa muna 1978. Zvakaratidza compiler chiteshi unokubvumira bumbiro inotakurika, uye iye zvino zvinogona rakapepetwa yepakutanga maitiro, uye zvichingodaro. Gare gare UCSD akava hwaro vazhinji vaivapo Pascal implementations.
• Kuramba Pascal. Zvirongwa Pascal agara kukwezvwa vaduku nenyanzvi dzakawanda. Muna 1986, Apple akasika mutauro chinhu chiwedzerwa. Boka iri mubasa kukura, kubvunza pamwe "baba" pamusoro Pascal.
• Turbo Pascal. Wokutanga shanduro Ide akazviratidza muna 1983. Borland aiva kambani kuti akanga achiparidza kukura Implementation ichi. Zvisinei, zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti Turbo Pascal akakweretwa zvikuru kubva Odject Pascal, uye vose zvavo, implementations izvi zvakanga zvakafanana. Zvirongwa Pascal vanofarira uye Microsoft. Inenge nguva imwecheteyo, vakasunungura dzavo shanduro mutauro chinhu yakavakirwa Pascal. Aisagona kuwana mukanyiwa kuparadzirwa, uye munguva pfupi akanga akanganwa. Zvadaro, mukuru Implementation kuti Borland akadana Vanoramba Pascal.
• Kuramba Pascal nhasi. Danho rinokosha munhoroondo Pascal ndiyo zvibereko vakasununguka implementations. Vaisanganisira zvose zvakanakisisa kubva mamwe tumitauro zhinji. Zvavanopa chakanakisisa kugarisana navazhinji uchishandisa hurongwa.

Features

Kujairirana mutauro Pascal zvakakodzera kutanga mamiriro ayo. Chief pakati pavo - nedzidziso achitaipa uye kuvapo muronga zvirongwa. Pascal - rokutanga mutauro mhando iyi. Akafunga yokuvaka, mutauro anofanira kupa kurangwa zvirongwa, sezvo kunze napo siyana nemarongerwo zvikanganiso, uyewo ndiripo ive nzwisisa inowanikwa. Chii Pascal, uye chii ayo chikuru zvinhu - huru nyaya kufarira beginners. Mutauro kumbonyanya nyore kunyange mutsva.

Zvisinei, pakutanga, mutauro une nhamba payakaipira. Chief pakati pavo: nekusagona basa guru ndangariro, ıO pfupi raibhurari, kushaya mari kuti kumhanya mashandiro zvakasikwa mune mimwe mitauro, uye zvichingodaro. Chii Pascal, vane mutauro uri nyore, mukuvamba '80s, vanamazvikokota vakawanda vakadzidza. Zvisinei, havasi vose vaiva vakauya kuravidza. Dzimwe nyanzvi kunyange akanyora nyaya kuti ainyorwa zvakadzama pamusoro neimwe nokushayiwa mutauro.

Zvikanganiso uye uchivagadzirisa

Kufanana nezvimwe mitauro zvirongwa, Pascal Anozvirumbidza kwete chete zvakanakira asiwo zvakakomba payakaipira. Zvinofanira kunzi zvishoma nezvishoma Developers kunetseka payakaipira, asi zviri vanoita nguva.

Sezviri zvinganzwika, asi hazvishamisi mutauro pokuperevedza kunobatsira programmers mukurovedza. Mukuwedzera, Pascal ari 80s raiva rakakura danho tichienzanisa Fortran, uyo panguva iyoyo akadzidza vatsva. Kunyanya Fortran aiva mamwe matambudziko. In pfupi nguva, Pascal rave akakwanisa kuve mutauro mukuru yekudzidzisa muzvikoro zvakawanda uye mumayunivhesiti. At chawo yakagadzirwa mapurogiramu dzakawanda.

mamiriro

About Pascal unogona kunyora zvakawanda, asi kunofanira kuenda zvakananga zvirongwa muitiro. Mumwe kushanda muna Pascal kunotanga guru (Program). Pakarepo shure chirongwa zita hwacho, uye akabva '; ". Dzimwe nguva izvi hazvisi kunodiwa. Mushure zita, unogona tsanangurai Nyora nechitarisiko mafaira kuti zvichaita vatambe parameters. Pashure anouya anokosha ari chirongwa - muviri wake. Inoitwa zvikamu kurondedzerwa constants, mifananidzo, variables, maitirwo ezvinhu uye mabasa. Pashure pavo pane chidhina mashoko - mukova pfungwa. opareta chikwata riri pakati mazvi kutanga uye magumo. Mutsara Mumwe ari akaparadzaniswa pedyo semicolon. Kuti agumise chirongwa anoshandisa pfungwa iyo anoiswa pashure muviri.

Application modules

Nokuti chikumbiro module mupurogiramu remitemo rinofanira kuva chipo vanoshambadza nokuti. Kuti chiziviso zvakadaro, unogona kushandisa kubatana instructions, ndiro guru ANOSHANDISA. Akamutevera, mazita modules kuti kwakabatana. Instructions vakapinda pakarepo mushure Header kana inowanikwa muchikamu.

Vamwe implementations regai kutsigira mutauro modules, shanduro kunyanya vakura. Vanogona rakakamurwa mhando mbiri: Software uye rutsigiro. Chokutanga aripo ari chirongwa rinotanga purogiramu guru. Yechipiri zvinosanganisira variables, constants, marudzi uye zvichingodaro, anogona kushandiswa mune dzimwe modules.

nyora

Pascal nemarongerwo kunoda kuzviomesera abvume.

• Semicolon. Akaisa panguva pakuguma Header, mushure rondedzero variables. dzaishandisa akaparadzaniswa nayo. Haukwanisi kushandisa pamberi guru mugumo.
• Comma. Senzira separator zvakasiyana-siyana mazita.
• Point. Akaisa panoperera chirongwa muviri (pashure shoko magumo).

nemarongerwo vanachandagwinyira akadaro anodiwa nokuti kombiyuta anoonekwa kuti kubata kushanda. In nyaya zvisiri hunhu anoratidza kukanganisa. Kana semicolon anoita se mashoko separator, kuti opareta anoonekwa kuti yose rugwaro pakati imwe nguva uye haizopereri pfungwa. Kana chiratidzo nepostanovki pakati dzaishandisa, Chirongwa ruchandovatorapo mumwe uye kubereka kukanganisa.

mutauro Pascal unokubvumira pinza mashoko. Vanoshanda sezvo tsanangudzo purogiramu remitemo. Unogona kushandisa mutauro wokuRussia. Papurogiramu mhinduro regai kubereka zvainoita.

In Pascal, unogona kunyora zvose lowercase uye uppercase tsamba. Sarudzo kusvika programmer.

tsoropodzo

Sezvo kare akataura, chaiye vakawanda Pascal vakauya 1980-1990, asi pakanga vatsoropodzi vaiona mutauro zvoufuza. Mukuona kwavo, zvakakodzera chete kunodzidziswa. Kunyanya chinozikamwa kutsoropodzwa paakarondedzerwa munyaya "Sei Pascal harisi rangu kufarira mutauro zvirongwa." Rakanyorwa Brian Kernighan - mumwe Developers pakati C. Yakanga pashure nyaya Pascal akatanga kukoshesa zvachinja nani.

Pasinei zvose zvikanganiso, kupfuura tinzwisise Pascal kweimwewo mafungire programmers zhinji.