Chii neon? Chemical uye zvivako zviri neon chaiko, kushandiswa

Pakati zvinhu zvose makemikari Periodic table ane zvinofadza ehupfumi boka akadai inert magasi. Izvi zvinosanganisira argon, neon, nehelium nevamwe zvinhu. Chii neon, uye apo munyika nhasi, gasi iri zvikuru kushandiswa?

History of kuwanikwa neon

tafura Mendeleev haana pakarepo akazara zvose zvine maatomu akafanana, saka mune mamwe mapoka uye nguva vakasara maburi. Somuenzaniso, mishonga kumbotarisira kuwanikwa itsva zvinhu, sezvo zvakaitika neon. musayendisiti wokutanga kufunga nezvokuvapo neon, aiva kemisiti Ramsay, Rayleigh. Panguva iyoyo vaviri pedyo inert gasi akazarurwa argon nehelium, asi zvenguva aiva muchitokisi chinhu ari patafura. Scientific akataura kuti nhengo itsva kuchabatsira mabhomba guru 20 uye arambe achirema Zvisinei 10 rehydrogen chii neon zvakasikwa, haana kuzivikanwa.

How Ramsay akakwanisa govera neon uye huriko? In kuedza kwake, taishandisa nguva mhepo, iyo pakutanga akanga liquefied uye ipapo Ipwa zvishoma nezvishoma. Ndawana saka, gaseous zvikamu zviduku vakanga akadzidza mu zvinoyerera chubhu, zvichiita kuti kuona akarongwa chakarondedzera zvinhu. Pamwe mitsetse izvi uye vakawana chimwe chinhu chitsva.

In zvakasikwa rechitanhatu rakajairika maatomu akafanana ndizvo neon. The rechiGiriki rinoshandurwa kuti "mutsva". Pakutanga, mwanakomana Ramzaya Villi akataura zita idzva chinhu Novum, izvo zvinoreva kuti "mutsva", asi baba vakasarudza zvishoma kuchinja shoko iri neon, iyo, kwake mafungiro, zvainzwika nani.

zvivako neon

Ichi gasi inert ari periodic table pakati argon nehelium, izvo anohupa ehupfumi ava zvenguva zvinhu. Neon ane mbiri simba yomuropa, idzo 2 8 uye maerekitironi. Nyaya iyi zvakananga kunokanganisa reactivity ari gasi, kubva haina kuumba yeimwe nevamwe zvinhu.

Chii neon mumaonero wekemisitiri? Ichi chiedza gasi, panguva imwe tembiricha kuti -245,98 ° C liquefies uye achibika ngaasungirire yava kumativi 2,6 ° C. The solubility negasi mumvura iri dikisa, zvisinei neon adsorption pamusoro kusashanda kabhoni achibvumira rakaparadzana gasi yakachena pakusachena ayo.

Chii neon kubva pfungwa nemaonero wefizikisi? gasi ichi, riri pasi pokudzora ano rakakamurwa piriviri uye Orange chakarondedzera. Neon chiedza kuti inongorira panguva inopenya chaizvo uye yakatsiga. The Physics kuti chiitiko ichi iri shoko kushushikana pamusoro maerekitironi ose neon maatomu, iro rinoita yokupedzisira kuti govera photons chiedza.

Aripiko neon

Zvakasikwa pamire 6 neon soro hwakapararira pashure nehelium, sehydrogen, uye zvimwe zvinhu. Ichi gasi inert achiri yakawanda nyeredzi tsvuku uye nemapuraneti. Kana Pluto chidzidzo pfungwa kuti ayo muchadenga rinoumbwa zvachose kuti neon, uye dzakaderera akaturikidzana, gasi iri liquefied nokuda yakaderera tembiricha kutsoropodza panyika pano.

Kana nyika, zvikuru neon mumhepo (0.00182%) uye shoma iri pasi goko. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti wakaratidza kusakwanisa kwevanhu inert magasi kukurukurirana nevamwe zvinhu uye chimiro zvicherwa akanga chikuru chikonzero izvi zvinhu munyika vaiva zviduku zvakawanda.

Kushandiswa neon

Zvino Kugadzirwa ichiwedzerwa chaizvo kudiwa neon, zvinoreva dzayo dzose kushota. Izvi imhaka yokuti kuparadzana wakachena inert gasi anotora nguva yakawanda, uye kugutsikana ayo mudenga yakaderera chaizvo.

Neon rinoshandiswa indasitiri sechinhu refrigerant mu cryogenic mapurani. At kutonhora emura propellant inochengetwa neon, mhuka yakagwamba nechando uye miriwo nyama nemakemikari. The neon crystals vari Zvakanyanya Kunaka Panguva Yepamuviri ezvinhu kuti panowanikwa kwazvo kunzwisisa siyana, izvo zvisingagoni kushivirira kuitwa kupisa (reongororo pamusoro H2O2, okisijeni fluorides, etc.).

Mune dzimwe mwenje uye chiedza Fixtures uyewo kushandisa neon. Kukosha gasi ichi seinokonzera chiedza zvikuru, nekuti ayo sokupenya zvinogona kuonekwa madaro marefu. Neon mwenje anoshandiswa kumisa yechiedza, Banga rinoparadza, mukuru-vosimba shongwe. Vamwe shambadzo chinyorwa-kwakavakirwa vari kunoratidzwa neon mwenje.

In luminaires kwakadaro neon hakusi yakaisvonaka chimiro. Aigara hwakakanyiwa zvakarurama kukura uye argon chinovhenekera Orange ruvara. Zvisinei, izvi hazvirevi kanganisa Zvivako zviri maonero akanaka, sezvo mwenje izvi zvinoonekwa mumamiriro ezvinhu ose rwakashata ekunze uye panguva mukuru marefu.