Chii maererano nearufabheti? History uye typology

Nhasi, kune zvakasiyana siyana vadetembi enhetembo siyana umo vanogona kuumba ounyanzvi yavo yakakura. Mumwe wavo - imwe neiyi, aichimbova riri kunyanya akakurumbira pakati ari Silver Age vadetembi. Maererano nearufabheti akanyora Valeriy Bryusov, Anna Akhmatova, Nikolai Gumilyov, uye kunyange Sergei Yesenin. Munhoroondo yose mabhuku, nezvimwe vadetembi wakakurumbira, zvakare, akaedza rwake panguva zvokunyora maererano nearufabheti.

Chii maererano nearufabheti

Shoko "neiyi" rinobva muchiGiriki uye rinoreva "enhetembo mutsetse." Zvinokosha kucherechedza kuti Slavs vaiva yavo shoko pfungwa iri - kraestrochie.

Kazhinji, neiyi iri chero chinyorwa nechinangwa, kubva kutanga mabhii mutsetse mumwe unogona shoko, mutsara kana mutongo. Zvinokosha kucherechedza kuti pakati pavaGiriki maererano nearufabheti vaivawo vaiona uye bani rugwaro pasina senhetembo.

Maererano nearufabheti muRoma yekare uye Ages Europe

Wakabata pamwe chokuti izvozvo maererano nearufabheti, zvinokosha kuverenga nhoroondo yezviri kubuda kwavo uye kupararira.

The musiki ichi fomu enhetembo ndiye Epicharmus cheKosi - mudetembi uye munyori wemitambo weGirisi yekare. With ake chiedza ruoko akaoneka ichi ndima fomu.

Papera chinguva nevakawanda kupararira nhetembo uye Roman Empire mhando iyi. Nokukwereta zhinji zvinhu tsika kubva vaGiriki, vaRoma vakanga kakawanda vaishandisa maererano nearufabheti. Zvikuru nevakawanda neiyi iri zita vaichengetedza Nyanduri uye ake akanaka anoda. Dzimwe nguva Roman nyanduri encrypt otgadki nezvirahwe mu nhetembo yake. Kazhinji achinyora maererano nearufabheti aingova muviri kuti nyanduri.

Mumwe yakakurumbira mabasa ichi mhando Rinobatanidzwa ne chiKristu muUmambo hweRoma. Saka, kuva kutanga pamurairo, sevaKristu, kuziva mumwe, rakanyorwa chinhu neiyi shoko "Jesu" unotsaurirwa. basa iri rinorondedzera zvakawanda kuti subspecies neiyi - akrotelestihu.

Tiine chidzoke chiKristu chitendero chete kuMiddle Ages maererano nearufabheti haana kurasa mukurumbira wayo. Zvino, zvisinei, havana vasingawanzotauri kunyora enyika vadetembi, uye akanga tonsured mumongi. Kunyora nhetembo nhetembo vakazvitsaurira kuna Mwari, uyewo nyaya yemubhaibheri, mamongi kazhinji "yakavanzwa" mune mazita avo kana mazano avo sei nzisisa chinyorwa ichi.

In rokunyika mabhuku neiyi uyewo unowanzoshandiswa. Zvisinei, zvino, airidza basa rimwe Cipher nokuda toughened kusenza nekereke. Vazhinji mberi nevafungi uye masayendisiti vachishandisa maererano nearufabheti yakagovana nevamwe mashoko neimwe zvakavanzika kana poked achinakidza nezviremera.

Ndivanaani vanozviitira maererano nearufabheti kuMiddle Ages? Kakawanda, yomuchinda vanhu. Vakawanda vane zvipo vadetembi iyoyo kuti abate munhu anorichengeta simba, kutsaurira kuti basa rake. Asi chaizvoizvo zvakanaka maererano nearufabheti vakakwanisa kunyora hausi vose nokuda zvakaoma nemamiriro nhetembo uye kudiwa kuchengetedza nayo yakakodzera mupfungwa. Uyezve, vanhu vakapfuma havasi mapenzi, uye kunyange asina chaizvo aiziva subtleties wenhetembo, asi ndima ineptly zvakanyorwa zvinogona kuonekwa.

Maererano nearufabheti ari Russian mabhuku mukupera nemasere - mangwanani maviri emakore

In mabhuku Russian yaitanga neiyi (mienzaniso pazasi) inobvuma Archimandrite Herman, vaigara nemanomwe remakore. With yakanaka wokufananidzira tarenda, mumongi akanyora nhetembo kwakavakirwa MAPISAREMA. Kazhinji nhetembo dzake scrambled zita rake. nguva yedu isati vakasara namanomwe chete nhetembo dzacho, zvose zvakanyorwa neiyi vachizvikwidziridza.

In nemisere - mangwanani emakore namapfumbamwe maererano nearufabheti zvishoma nezvishoma yakarasikirwa mukurumbira wayo, achipa nzira nemamwe marudzi ndima.

Asi pakasvika vakuru Silver Age wokuRussia nhetembo (mukupera namapfumbamwe remakore), pamwe kuwanika mabhuku vadetembi zvikuru zvizhinji neiyi vakava kamwe zvakare akakurumbira. Izvi akwanise kubudikidza kukura okufananidzira, ive neiyi akabatsira zvakajeka kuti "kuviga" iri nhetembo zvimwe chiratidzo.

Anna Akhmatova, Nikolai Gumilyov, Valentin Bryusov uye vazhinji nevamwe mudetembi mukuru iyoyo vakanga kunyora maererano nearufabheti akanaka, dzimwe nguva vachizvipira kuti mumwe nomumwe kana kukwikwidzana navo pamwe chete. Zvikurukuru kwazvo maererano nearufabheti Valeriy Bryusov, uyo akanyora maererano nearufabheti zhinji dzakasiyana-siyana kwemarudzi ezvinhu.

Mumazana maviri remakore uye nhasi maererano nearufabheti havana dzakakurumbira, asi ivo varipo nemabasa anenge ose nyanduri. Izvi imhaka yokuti neiyi kwakaoma - pashure zvose kunyora neiyi wakanaka unogona chete zvakakwana uchiitema kukwanisa senhetembo nyanduri. Uyezve, maererano nearufabheti nhasi kazhinji kunyorwa kuitira kuti mumwe munhu chipo zororo uye yaitova kukwazisa. Dzimwe vanongonakidzwa kutsaurira imwe chiitiko kana nguva yegore. Saka, Anastasia Bogolyubov akanyora neiyi duku "Spring".

Kufema munhuwi woupenyu,
Natural uye akanaka mwoyo,
Matiza nematope mikuru,
Oga dzinongoitika simba
Chords or the icharira dondo.

mhando maererano nearufabheti

Wakabata pamwechete chokwadi kuti maererano nearufabheti akadaro, uye dzidza enhoroondo zvavo, unogona kuenda typology yavo. With maererano kuti kuenda maererano nearufabheti, kune marudzi matatu.

1. Neiyi-kugadzwa. Vakawanda mhando nguva yose iyi fomu enhetembo. The nguwani pamusoro nhetembo, sezvo mutemo, waitaura zvaifanira kuitwa zita munhu uyo basa iri rakatsaurirwa - kumupi, mumwe kana chete shamwari akada. Maererano nearufabheti, kuzvitsaurira kazhinji akanyorera mumwe vadetembi of Silver Age. Somuenzaniso, Nikolai Gumilyov akanyora neiyi pamusoro Anna Akhmatova.
2. Neiyi kiyi. In nhetembo iyi, nemabhii makuru encrypted aine kiyi yokunzwisisa zvinorehwa yose basa. Aiwanzoshandisa pakunyora nezvirahwe. Muenzaniso neiyi "Ushamwari" Yuri Neledinsky-Mielec, zvakagadzirirwa Tsarevich Alexei.
3. Neiyi-Cipher. It encoded shoko, mashoko, kana kunyange mutongo wose, izvo zvinofanira kunge yakacherechedza vatorwa. Yakasvika kwayo kupararira neiyi ichi munguva emakore Chechi Raibvunzurudza. Uye panguva dzakasiyana, munyika umo kusenza yakanga kunyanya yakawanda.

Panewo dzimwe akasiyana neiyi. It abetsedary, mezostih, Telesto, akrotelestih, akrokonstruktsiya uye diagonal neiyi. Kunyange zvazvo dzimwe nguva vari voga sezvo yoga siyana chedetembo. Panguva iyoyo, mubvunzo wavo chomumwe subspecies ose maererano nearufabheti anoramba yakazaruka.

abetsedary

Abetsedary - neiyi zvakanyorwa earufabheti. In basa iri, shoko rimwe nerimwe kana pakutanga stanza kunotanga earufabheti muhurongwa. In mabhuku Russian chichiri kuzivikanwa abetsedary Valery Bryusov.

Telesto

Mirror analogue neiyi. It encrypted Shoko harisi tsamba kutanga akarongwa nhetembo wokutanga, sezvo kare. Kakawanda, pane tsamba imwe chete panguva pakuguma stanza akamira ari mabhii kana shoko. Izvi mhando nhetembo yakanga yakakurumbira kwazvo mabhuku Roman.

Akrotelestih

subtype Iri mubatanidzwa zvinhu uye neiyi telestiha. A shoko rakavanzika kana mashoko, unogona kuita kwete chete kutanga tsamba neimwe stanza, asiwo yokupedzisira. Kakawanda, kutanga uye yokupedzisira mashoko akafanana, kunyange pane kusaina. Muenzaniso nhetembo iyi basa Michael Bashkeeva "Akrotelestih nokuda IB."

Mezostih

In chimiro ichi chedetembo tsamba pakati nomumwe stanza anoumba shoko. Ndima iyi haisi nevakawanda zvikuru. Sezvo vanhu kazhinji kugoverana nhetembo mundima, panguva yayo kungwara, uye ipapo kuwana encrypted shoko zvakaoma chaizvo.

diagonal neiyi

Dzimwe nguva mezostih uye diagonal neiyi vakavhiringidzwa kukudza navo mumwe chete. Zvichakadai, ndiwo akasiyana zvachose marudzi. Mugore diagonal neiyi shoko encrypted Tsanga yacho yaichekwa pane vertically. Dzimwe nguva izvi mhando Anonziwo "labyrinth", saka kuti mezostihom chakaipa panoparadzana mutsetse, kuwana shoko rakavanzika haangavi nyore.

Akrokonstruktsiya

Akrokonstruktsiya rinobatanidza zvose zvenyaya neiyi, telestiha uye zvimwe zvakawanda. Mukutanga ramakumi remakore Russian mabhuku akrokonstrutsii vakazvitsaurira Marine Tsvetaevoy uye Plato akanyora Karpovskiy Valentin Zagoryansky. Iye, kufanana hapana akakwanisa kutsungirira ichi akaoma ndima fomu. Zvinotevera ndizvo detembo yakatsaurirwa kuna Karpovskiy.

tautogram

Related kuti maererano nearufabheti zvakare tautogram. Mune zvisingawanzoitiki zvinoitika, vari kutora maererano nearufabheti, asi ichi ndicho chinogona kukurasa. In nhetembo idzi, mashoko ose anotanga tsamba chete. Somuenzaniso, imwe yakakurumbira detembo-tautogram Briusov.

Nhasi, haasi munhu wose anoziva maererano nearufabheti (izwi pachayo), asi hapana munhu airamba kana kutsaurira basa iri. Kana kutsvakwa, munhu anogona kuti pachako kana vaunoda rakasiyana zita neiyi. Uyezve, munhu wose kunyange zvishoma anoziva sei kuti senhetembo, unogona kuedza ruoko rwavo pana achinyora maererano nearufabheti, iri kunakidza chaizvo chitandadzo.