Chii ideographic manyorero?

Mabviro kunyora, paiva makore anoverengeka zviuru akapfuura. nyaya yake kunotanga yokutanga bako mifananidzo. Uye zvikuru kubudirira kwayo kwakasimbiswa, dzakanga imwe nyika yaiva pamwero zvokunamata uye zvinhu netsika. Modern kunyora ane chinhu chakafanana kwokutanga zviratidzo.

Zvaiitika

Ideographic chinyorwa - zviri kunyora imwe mhando ane vatambi vanomiririra kunyange nyaya sechinhu chakaitika chaihwoihwo.

An musiyano unokosha kubva pictographs kuti chiratidzo zvinoverengwa kwete nechimiro uye zvakunoreva, uye rinoreva ane shoko chete kana rinokosha. Ndokusaka ideographic manyorero nemishumo vakati chaipo.

Panguva kutanga kwekupwanyiwa ideographic kunyora mifananidzo ichifananidzwa havachaoni zvinhu, uye zvose abstracted ukoshi kare akasarudzwa ideograms. Kuti ndiye mucherechedzo iri imwe ndima yaizoitwa sezvo zvakananga kukosha, uye inotakurika. Yokutanga ideographic vatambi chaizvoizvo vaive vanodhirowa, gare gare vakatanga kuva pamwe chete nomumwe. Somuenzaniso, mufananidzo ziso, sechiratidzo pictographic kunyora, anotakura ruzivo pamusoro chii chiri "ziso", ukuwo ideographic kunyora "Eye" chiratidzo ndinoiitawo "mvura" - zvichireva "kubvarura" kana "kuchema".

Kwenguva refu ideographic kunyora mavanga vane yakatsiga zvikuru uye kazhinji zvinonzwisisika.

sanganisira mamiriro

Special unhu ane ideographic manyorero, aiva kukwanisa kugadzirisa chaihwoihwo mifananidzo uye pfungwa dziri mumashoko. Zviratidzo zvinyorwa kuzivikanwa ndechokuti dzave rakasungirirwa imwe shoko. Mumwe nemumwe ideographic zvinyorwa akaratidza hapana zvivakamutauro kana phonetic kukosha, uye kuparadzira kugutsikana uye zvinorehwa nerimwe shoko. Nyaya iyi inofanira kubvisa mutauro pakati vanhu vane tumitauro siyana.

Zvayakanakira nezvayakaipira ose ideographic kunyora inogona dzakanyorwa kwenguva refu. Chinonyanya kukosha ndechokuti kunyora mhando iyi ine anenge chaiyo akarayira Kuda kutamba sechivako shoko. Chimwe nedzimwe ideographic kunyora - Kudzikamiswa siyana graphical zviratidzo uye nokuwanda. Izvi zvakaita kuti chokwadi kuti munyori akasarudza zvandinenge vatambi kubva chokupedzisira yakatarwa, asi haana wekuvamba navo. Zvisinei, pane dzimwe nuances kunaka. Chakajeka vavo:

• nesimba zvakakwana zvakaitika girama siyana;
• zviratidzo zvizhinji;
• mashoko abstrakti chinangwa haagoni Kutamiswa.

The kufambira shanduka

Inotungamirwa ideographic kunyora akanga kwenguva budiriro kukura kutengeserana, kwakabva kwaita pfungwa statehood uye kwaita pagadzirwe mumagariro upfumi zvisikwa. Panguva ino, pane kudiwa uchatamisa yakawanda mashoko. Saka, zvakanga zvakakodzera kwete chete kuti kodzero vatambi, asiwo nokukurumidza kuridza navo. Izvi zvakaita kuti kuchinja. Ideographic chinyorwa yakashandurwa kubva nyore schematic Kanji chiratidzo rinoreva pachena kuti vose mashoko, kana kunyange kutengesa. Zviratidzo zvake kwenguva refu nguva vakasara vanoenda nokuti vakakoniwa fambisa kwete chete kuona kukosha, asiwo chaihwoihwo.

Pedzidziso dzekutanga inzwi zvinoratidza

Patinodzidza mhando ideographic kunyora, unogona kuona zvinhu zviratidzo nokuda ruzha kutanga. Ndiyo kutanga phonography. kuchinja kwakadaro kwakaitika somugumisiro kwokuwedzera kwevanhu uye dzaishandiswa ukama. Nokuda kwechikonzero ichi, kuedza vanoverengeka vakaitwa kurerutsa muitiro achinyora vatambi.

Mumwe wavo aiva nokubatanidza maviri vatambi Somuenzaniso, imwe misodzi - "mvura" uye raitevera "ziso". Chimwe aida midzi-Kanji vatambi, wedzera affixes. Vose Zvakazoonekwa kuti isingabereki.

Development wegadziriro vakagamuchira tsamba kuparadzira mashoko hwakataurwa kwete chete zvivakamutauro nzira, asi phonetic. vakapesana Complex kana makuru mashoko migove, saka paiva mabhii, izvo chinoita kuti munhu hunhu.

mhando

Zvikuru navanopinda chikumbiro akapiwa ideographic manyorero. mienzaniso pane munyika nhasi. Munguva ideography achirova muenzaniso yave kunyora muIjipiti yekare. Ancient vaEgipita pakati vokutanga vakatanga kushandisa zviratidzo ane inotakurika, husingaoneki ukoshi. Asi mashoko akatowedzera, uye uwandu ideograms haina ichiwedzerwa. Nguva yasvika kuwedzera tsamba. Pavakaona kuti - ndicho chete zvinhu zvinoumba shoko, vaIjipiti vakatanga vatambi kureva vakaparadzana mabhii, uye ipapo ruzha. Saka vakauya arufabheti, kunyange odnosoglasnomu (nokuda hunhu mutauro mavhawero hazvisi kukosha). Kunyora iripo determinants. Vakatsanangura homonyms, kureva mashoko nezvaanoreva zvakasiyana, asi akazivisa saizvozvo.

Imwe mhando zvakafanana - ecuneiform ideographic manyorero. Yakanga yakakurumbira panguva muAsiria hweBhabhironi uye Sumerian (vekare vanhu Mesopotamia). "Vakanyora" pano dzakarukwa zvakanaka Vakarodza tsanga aricheke ivhu usina kukonekita. Vertical mbiru vakaenda mumwe pashure pomumwe kubva kurudyi kuenda kuruboshwe, dzimwe nguva vakutarisire. Gare gare, nokuda vaifanira kubvisa yakawanda mashoko, chiratidzo aifanira kutendeukira 90 ° kuruboshwe. Saka, yokumusoro pamupendero ndiye muumbi kurudyi nekuruboshwe - yokumusoro vaimbova. Paiva shongwe kumukira iri chinjikira mutsetse, uye akatanga kunyora kubva kuruboshwe kuenda kurudyi. Panguva iyoyowo kurerutsa mufananidzo zvakatangira zvishoma nezvishoma kuva chiratidzo.

Mienzaniso kuripo munyika nhasi. Muenzaniso ano ideographic kunyora - uyu China. In kunyora vanhu ava - vanenge 60,000 vatambi. Asi kumba kuti kuverenga uye kunyora paavhareji Chinese haashandisi anopfuura zviuru zviviri kana zvitatu.

Ideographic chinyorwa nhasi

Muenzaniso unoshamisa ideograms vari svomhu zviratidzo. Mumwe chiratidzo inomirira husingaoneki pfungwa: nokupesana, Uyezve, chokuwanziridza, kuenzana uye zvichingodaro. The chete zvinogona kutaurwa pamusoro nhamba. The svomhu okuti 4: 2 = 2 Chinese, American kana Russian vachaona chete, kunyange, uye akati siyanei.

Kana, somuenzaniso, shoko "murume." Shanhaets anotaura "Ning" katonets ake - "Yang", uye A Beijing - "Zhen". Asi zvakanyorwa zvose zvitatu nguva imwe chete hunhu. Nekuti ideographic chinyorwa rinopa pfungwa, kwete kurira.