Chii GDP ari upfumi? Gross zvemumba chigadzirwa

Aingovawo munhu pasina dzidzo zvemari rakanyatsojeka zvakaoma kunzwisisa chii GDP. In dzezvoupfumi, mufananidzo uyu zvakakosha zvikuru. Anoritsanangura, tinogona kufungidzira pachiyero zvoupfumi munyika wayo makwikwi pamusoro pamusika dzakawanda.

Gross epamba chigadzirwa (GDP) - kuva kwenhumbi (zvinhu uye mabasa), zvinoberekwa vagari munharaunda imwe nyika kwegore, runoratidzwa kwokupedzisira chigadzirwa mitengo.

Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore, chakakomba mudzimba chigadzirwa - uwandu zvinhu zvose uye mabasa zvinoberekwa emakambani zvose uye masangano munyika panguva yakapiwa nhau nguva (kazhinji Zvinofungidzirwa karenda gore).

Chii GDP ari upfumi?

chakarurama Izvi chaizvo zvinokosha kunyatsoongorora kushanda upfumi. Gross epamba chigadzirwa kunoratidzwa kukura mwero uye pamwero kwayo kukura. Kazhinji, GDP inoshandiswa kuyera mararamiro chavagari ehurumende. The yakakura nhamba, dzakanga anonzi mureza kurarama (kubatana pakati indices ruriko, asi zvinofanira kushandiswa, uye zvimwe zvakawanda yakananga ezvoupfumi zviratidzi).

The aizviti uye zvechokwadi kwakakomba mudzimba chigadzirwa

GDP rinogona mhando mbiri:

1. Chezita (akaverenga pa ano nguva mitengo).
2. Real (dzaona muzvirevo munguva akafanana mitengo). Kakawanda, kuenzanisa mutengo rapfuura gore vanobviswa.

Kukarukureta kuti zvechokwadi GDP inobvumira kuti neutralize sei pamutengo kukura mwero uye kuona mambure kuwedzera upfumi neHurumende.

Kakawanda, GDP rinowanikwa muna omunzvimbo mari, zvisinei, kana pane kudiwa kuenzanisa nhengo tsika munyika dzakasiyana, anogona ashandurwe imwe mari panguva yakakodzera Gengi. Yakawedzera Vhoriyamu GDP pasi pose iri sezvinotevera (2013).

Return (yakatarwa) dzemaitirwe nzira GDP

Chii GDP ari upfumi? Izvi, chokutanga, mwero anobva pakuva tinyatsonzwisisa profitability kuti varidzi okuwana zvinhu. Kukarukureta kunoitika maererano summation yavo. Panyaya iyi, kuwanda GDP inosanganisira zvinotevera zvinoriumba:

• W - zvizere uwandu mubayiro inobhadharwa zvose zvavanobata nyika (zvose vaigara uye vasiri vagari);
• Q - uwandu evanhu kuchengeteka zvipo vokuparidzira;
• R - purofiti (yakasindimara);
• P - yakavhenganiswa mari (yakasindimara);
• T - mitero (imupota uye production).

Nokudaro, akaverenga payakavakirwa ndiko: GDP = W + Q + R + P + T

The kunwa (production) nzira

Vagari mukufamba kwake basa, kugadzira mhando dzakasiyana uye siyana wokupedzisira chigadzirwa (rinoreva chaizvo zvinhu kana mabasa kuti vane imwe ukoshi). Ndicho raora chavagari kuti mari nokuda kuzviwanira yokupedzisira basa zvinhu uye richava kwakakomba mumhuri chigadzirwa. Dzemaitirwe pamusoro GDP nokuda kugadzirwa Nhamba dziri muchidimbu sezvinotevera:

• C - mari vokuparidzira pamusoro mutengi zvinodiwa;
• IG - private Nokutendeka aizomupa kupinda upfumi (kwakakomba);
• G - voruzhinji zvokuvakisa (hurumende kutenga zvinhu uye mabasa)
• NX - mambure kunze kwenyika (musiyano pakati kunze kwenyika uye kupinzwa yacho state).

GDP rinowanikwa kubudikidza nzira: GDP = C + IG + G + NX

The kukarukureta chinokosha-vakawedzera

Economics Institute anobvumira kukarukureta uwandu GDP nokuda ukoshi vakawedzera. nzira iyi kunoita kuti vawane yakarurama zvikuru chinoratidza GDP, sezvo vanorasira intermediates kuti chikanganiso ndezvimwe sezvo wokupedzisira ari kare vakakurukura nzira. Kureva kushandiswa dzemaitirwe unonyatsoratidza akawedzera kubvisa mukana kaviri kuverengwa. Achipfupikisa zviratidzi akawedzera ukoshi kwenhumbi dzose uye mabasa munyika, yakavimbika anogona exchange GDP. Izvi imhaka yokuti kukosha akawedzera - ndiwo musika kukosha zvinhu kubvisa mari nezvinhu uye pakugadzira zvinhu yakatengwa kubva bhizimisi.

GDP pa capita

Chimwe chezvinhu zvinokosha kuita zviratidzo uye padanho kukura ehurumende upfumi. Ndezvipi kugovera zvachose GDP kwenhamba vagere munyika uye inoratidza kuti zvigadzirwa vakawanda kugadzirwa kwenguva chaiyo nguva Paavhareji nomumwe unogara ehurumende. Uyewo, nhamba iyi anonzi "paminiti capita mari".

Zvinonzi zvakare anowanzoshandiswa chokukomborerwa zvoupfumi ndiyo gobvu National chigadzirwa (GNP), izvo muchidimbu chokupedzisira chigadzirwa ikabereka pamusoro munharaunda yacho uye kunze. The chikuru ezvinhu ndechokuti mugadziri chezvinhu zvaiva vagari kuti State.

Chii GDP ari upfumi wayo muchinangwa kuongorora kuchinja Tatoona. Saka chii vari GDP chaiye munyika nhasi?

Chepamusoro munyika kuburikidza chezita GDP

Rating ichi chinoitwa pachishandiswa iri kushandurirwa madhora pamusika (kana akaisa nezviremera), mwero chezita GDP. The upfumi Nyika akamisa kuti mufananidzo kusimukira zvishoma dzakaderera, apo dzakabudirira - iri rudo vanokosha. Izvi imhaka yokuti haisi kufungwa musiyano iri mari yakafanana zvigadzirwa munyika dzakasiyana.

Somuenzaniso, pamusoro gumi, maererano IMF muna 2013, ndiye sezvinotevera:

Chepamusoro munyika kuburikidza chezita GDP pa capita

Padanho GDP paminiti capita unodoma, asi kwete yakarurama zvikuru chinoratidza upfumi, sezvo pane kuramba unaccounted chaizvo pamusoro indasitiri kukura hwenyika, mari kuti kugadzirwa, ayo quality, uyewo vamwe zvakaenzana zvinokosha zvenyaya zvoupfumi.

The pamazita munyika 10 vaine soro kwevari GDP pa capita, maererano IMF muna 2013, ndiye sezvinotevera:

Russian kukura kwoupfumi kuderera dambudziko

Global dambudziko pezvakaitwa, uyewo dzinoverengeka kuzviitira zvoupfumi zvinoita zvakakonzera kuti muna 2013-2014 kunge nekurerusirwa uye upfumi weRussia. Of GDP, ukuwo, akakura zvishoma nezvishoma. Saka, maererano Alekseya Ulyukaeva, nowakabata nzvimbo gurukota Economic Development of Russian Federation, 2013 yaiva vakaipisisa nokuda Russian upfumi mushure 2008 dambudziko gore. In ake pamusoro reRussia chakakomba mumhuri chigadzirwa haina kwakawedzera sezvo kutsanya sezvaitarisirwa. Saka, akatarisirwa kuwedzera GDP kunoderedza dhipatimendi kubva 3,6% pakutanga nguva kuti 2.4% muna June uye pakupedzisira 1.4% muna December.

Mamiriro ezvinhu Indasitiri hwakagara isingafadzi. Kana kuchera achiri aiva zvishoma kuwedzera, kugadzira kunyange wakaratidza zvishomanana kuderera. Mitengo uyewo kutsikwa 0.5% kupfuura kutarisirwa.

Zvinokonzera matambudziko ari Russian upfumi

Saka, tinogona kuona zviratidzo kurega kunotanga ari Russian upfumi. Pairi pane vavariro zvikonzero kuti unogona kukamurwa 2 mapoka: nechinzwano zvekunze.

zvemukati zvinhu

1. Upfumi ndiye muenzaniso mbishi. In womuenzaniso ichi, chikuru mugove upfumi mari iri nokuda mbishi zvinhu ekisipoti, izvo pakupedzisira aneta. Uyewo kwakaderedza vhoriyamu zvezvipfuwo kugadzira kugadzirwa uye kwayo kuita makwikwi.
2. Nezvinetso mubhizimisi kukwezva. Chinonyanya kukosha zvimiso kukura munhu kumatunhu nyika kuvapo mari iri chaiyo nemauto hwenyika. Nhasi, vanoita vazhinji vatorwa vanoshamiswa ne kushaya inochengetedzwa zvichibvira bailouts. Naizvozvo zvakakodzera kutora matanho kuti pave ano pamutemo uye zviri pamutemo framework, uyewo kusimudzira dzakawanda kusangana pezvakaitwa.
3. High mari dzebhizimisi muzvirongwa. Izvi zvinoreva kunyanyisa zvekushandisa pamusoro wakaiswa yesangano, mari, Rental pamusoro kwakavakirwa uye ndima, uyewo kufanana kugadzirwa mari. Zvakakosha kuita chine matanho kuderedza mari.

zvekunze zvinhu

1. General ezvoupfumi paanochinja mu Europe. Kukura upfumi nyika cyclical uye achiperekedzwa nemateru nezvisingafadzi.
2. kutsauka mu kunze kwenyika (zvose mutengo muviri divi). Nokuda zvose European upfumi paanochinja, uye kuneta pakati mbishi zvinhu muenzaniso kukura National upfumi.

Saka, kuti akunde dambudziko iri upfumi zvakafanira reorient ari indasitiri, kuwedzera mari okunze, uyewo tariro kuvandudzika pakati mukuru nezvemaitiro yose upfumi.