Munguva ichangopfuura, kakawanda pamatunhu ose uye muRussia, uye muUkraine, uye mune dzimwe nyika dzepashure -Soviet nzvimbo yakatanga kushandiswa kushandura izwi rokuti "column mashanu". Zvinorevei uye chii chinotyisidzira vanhu?
Nhoroondo yezwi
Mhedzisiro yemashoko ekufungidzirwa inobatanidzwa nehondo yehurumende muSpain. Ipapo hurumende yeRubublic yakasangana naFascist General Franco. Muna 1936, kushorwa kweFrankish kwakatanga paguta reSpain. Kutyisidzira muvengi paredhiyo kwakabudisa kutaura kweumwe wevakuru, mutongi wezvakaipa E. Mole. Akataura kuti kuwedzera kune mauto mana ehondo anotungamirira kuguta pasi pekutungamirirwa kwevakuru vakuru, muMadrid kune vateveri vehurumende itsva iyo ichaita panguva yakatarwa. Ava tsori akaidza "muromo wechishanu". MuRussia, zvose munguva yakapfuura uye nhasi, ichi chifananidzo chemuvengi wepanyika chinoshandiswa zvakashandiswa. Ngatitorei dambudziko rekare uye tione kuti chii chinyorwa chechishanu muRussia uye kana chiri chaizvoizvo chinomiririra njodzi chaiyo kunyika?
Kupindira kwemamwe masimba kune dzimwe nyika munyaya dzepakati dzeRussia
Ichokwadi chokuti humwe hurumende ine hupfumi hwezvematongerwo enyika uye yezvehupfumi ndeyechokwadi chakazivikanwa kune vose. Asi havasi vose vanonzwisisa kuti Russia, iyo yakasimba mune zvehupfumi uye zvezvematongerwo enyika, ndiyo nguva isina kunaka kune dzimwe nyika. Sei? Hungu, nokuti hukuru hweRussia, husingazivikanwi uye hune simba, hunotyisirwa nenyika dzakabudirira, vanoona makwikwi, izvo zvinofanira kunge zvisingakwanisi chero zvakashata. Nokudaro, masimba makuru uye hondo dzakasunungurwa nemaoko evanhu (semuenzaniso, Russo-Turkish 1806-1812 gg.), Uye akatora chikamu mune zvematongerwe enyika. Saka, somuenzaniso, kuburitswa kwehurumende kwakazadzikiswa nevakasara vevatongi muna 1801 kwakanyatsobhadharwa neEngland, uye ichi chiri chokwadi chakazivikanwa. Ipapo pakanga pasina shoko rokuti "chishanu", asi nzira dzayo dzakashandiswa zvakakwana. Sei England yakada kubvisa Pauro? Asi nokuti iye ari mubvumirano naNapoleon akaronga kuronga mushandirapamwe kuIndia uyewo wese kurwisana nehegemony yeEngland munyika. Uchishandisa zvakanakisisa kusagutsikana kwevatongi kuburikidza nokutonga kwaPauro Wokutanga, Britain yakagadzirisa matambudziko ayo namaoko avo.
Makumi Makumi makumi maviri
Ngatitorei muzana remakore rechimakumi maviri. Yaiva korombo yechishanu muRussia muzana remakore rapfuura here? Hondo Yenyika Yenyika Yese Yakaderedza hupfumi hwayo uye yakagumbura dambudziko idzva. Mushure meFebruary Revolution, Nicholas akabvunza hama dzake kubva kuimba yeimba yeEngland kugamuchira mhuri yake, asi yakarambwa. Sei? Hurumende yeHurumende isingakwanisi kutarisana nemamiriro ezvinhu munyika, uye veAllies vaida zvido zvepamusoro mberi. Kuuya kwesimba reBolshevik kwakakonzera hondo yevagari vemo, vatorwa vakabva vatanga "kubatsira" kuchena kwechichena. Asi vakanyatsoda kubatsira here? Anozivikanwa ndiwo mazwi emukuru weRussia mukuru kuti hakuna munhu kunze kweRussians anoda Russia yakakura. Simba reBolshevik raifanira kuparadza nyika, asi haina kubuda nenzira iyo. Sangano reSoviet Socialist Republics rakangobva kusikwa rakava chigamba chitsva, icho, zvakare, chaityisa uye chakarota chokuparadza nekuparadzanisa. Kuwa kwake kwaiva nechomukati nekunze chinokonzera. Hazvishamisi kuti mutungamiri weUnited States akaroverera vanhu vake pamapfumo echando akakunda mushure mekuparadzwa kweU.SR.
Icho rumwe rutivi rwemari
Pasinei nekuti iyo guru iripo, Soviet Union, yaityisa nyika dzakabudirira, uye, zvichida, dzaiva nevatariri vayo munharaunda yaro, zvakafanana nehuwandu hwekurwisana ne "vaiti vekare" yakapfuura nemiganhu yose inofungidzirwa. "Vavengi vevanhu" - izwi iri reSoviet rinogona kutora nzvimbo yekutaura "chikamu chechishanu". Idzi ndidzo dzinomiririra vatungamiri, vachishanda nenyika yavo kuti vabatsire mumwe. Vakawanda vavo havangori vavariro chete, asiwo mari yakawanda - kuwana pachake. Kunyange zvakadaro, munguva yeSoviet, vazhinji vasina mhosva vakatambura sevavengi vevanhu. Mukuwedzera, kuvapo kwemuvengi wemukati kunogona nguva dzose kuva chikonzero chakanaka chekukundikana kwemutemo wehurumende dzehurumende, tsanangudzo yehupo hwezvinetso zvemari uye nguva yekuunganidza vanhu. Nokudaro, "chinyorwa chechishanu" - izvi zvinogona kuva chikonzero chakanaka chemaitiro akaoma kune avo vane simba.
Russia mu90s
Kuyeuka zvose zvataurwa pamusoro apa, tichaedza kuona mamiriro ezvinhu ezvematongerwe enyika uye kuona kana zvichikwanisika kufunga nezvechiitiko ichocho se "korona yechishanu yeRussia" mumamiriro ezvinhu iye zvino. Chimwe chezvinyorwa zvinyorwa zve dialectics zvinoda kudzidza chiitiko mukuvandudza uye mamiriro ezvinhu emugariro. Saka, ngatitange nekugumburwa kweUSSR. Nzvimbo yeRussia munyika ino haikwanisi kutumidzwa zvimwe zvinopfuura kuderera. Vatariri vedzimwe nyika, vakatsiva VaGromyko va "Mr. No", vakagamuchira zvido zvose zveUnited States neWesten achitevera vatungamiriri venyika. Mukutsinhanisa, Russia yakagamuchirwa nyika uye, sezvakaita Putin, kodzero yekugara pedyo nemasimba anotungamirira pamisangano yeG-8 nezvimwe zvakadaro.
Mamiriro ezvinhu ezvematongerwo enyika
Pano pane maonero pamusoro pekutongesa kwezvinhu zvepasi rose neUnited States. Uchapupu hweizvi hwakakwana. Asi pakarepo Hurumende yeRussia ikatanga kuzivisa zvido zvayo uye inopesana ne "mutongi wenyika," ivo vakabva vatanga kutaura pamusoro peRussia inotyisa. Mamiriro ezuva ranhasi ndizvo zvakaita kuti nyika yose inoshora Russia pamatambudziko ose. Panguva imwe chete, kutya kunoumbwa kunyika uye Putin pachavo. Ko hurumende yeRussian Federation inofanira kuitei mumamiriro ezvinhu aya? Chisarudzo chinogona kuva: kuyananidza nechinzvimbo chako chechipiri-simba simba uye kuzvipira kune tsitsi dze "vanokunda" kana kudzivirira zvaunofarira kusvika pakupedzisira. Chii chinyorwa chechishanu mumamiriro ezvinhu aya? Izvi hazvisi kungopesana chete, asi simba rinoparadza nyika kubva mukati uye kugumbusa mamiriro ezvinhu ezvematongerwe enyika panguva yakaipisisa yenyika. Mamiriro acho akafanana nemafungiro e "vanokunda" panguva yeHondo Yenyika Yenyika Yese, vachitsigira kurasikirwa kwehurumende yavo muhondo.
Crimean crisis
Kunyangwe gore ra2014 risati rasvika, pakanga pane kupikisa muRussia inopesana nehurumende yezvematongerwo enyika. Zvimwe zveizvi zvakamanikidzwa nepamutemo mune zvematongerwe enyika kuburikidza nesarudzo. Imwe, yakadai sePod Wright, anozivikanwa nenyika, anoshanda kuburikidza nezviito zveP PR, achipinda mudambudziko uye achibudisa pachena zviito zvehurumende sekumuratidzira rusununguko rwekutaura. Kuvhiringidza muBoktnaya Square muMoscow, yakarongedzwa nevakabatana veA. Navalny, yakanga iri kuedza kwakanyanya kuwedzera kusagutsikana munharaunda. Asi chete maererano neCrimean mubvunzo izwi rokuti "korona yechishanu" yakamutswa zvakare. Kakawanda, vose avo vaipikisa kuendeswa kweCrimea kuenda kuRussia vakapinda mairi . Iri boka rakakura kwazvo raisanganisira vateereri vakakwana, avo vasina kurongedza kuongorora kupinda kweCrimean peninsula.
Kuedza kuita runyora rwerutivi rwechishanu
Saka, vazhinji vevanhu veRussia nevatungamiri vezvematongerwe enyika vakagamuchira kuwedzera kwechikamu cheUkraine nenzira yeCrimea kuenda kuRussia. Nokudaro, mafungiro kune vanhu avo vakaratidza kupokana kwavo nezviito zvehurumende dzeRussia zvakanyatsoratidzwa pachena. Izvo hazvina zvakawanda zvavo, asi zvisinei, vazhinji vavo vane vanhu vane simba. Pakati pemapurisa eimba yepasi peparamende vanhu vana: Valery Zubov, Ilya Ponomarev, Sergei Petrov naDmitry Gudkov. Vakabatanidzwa naNemtsov, Yavlinsky, Novodvorskaya. Chishamiso chikuru chakanga chiri chimiro chevose vaifarira vanyori, saiye Yu Shevchuk, A. Makarevich, uyo akakurumidza kutaura nezvekupikisa kweRussia kweCrimea, achitarisa zvose zvakaitika kuva chinyorwa. Vakawanda vevamiririri vedu vekusika vakatarisa kuti hondo pakati peUkraine neRussia yaizozarura saizvozvo. Izvi, zvichida, zvakanyorwa neBG pane peji re Facebook, richikurudzira vanhu kuti varege kukakavara. Parizvino, hondo iri kuUkraine kumabvazuva. Mubvunzo neCrimea wakasungirirwa mumhepo.
The Reality of the Internal Enemy
Kuvapo kwekupikiswa munharaunda chinhu chinowanzoitika. Chero humwe hutungamiri hwematongerwo enyika hunotsigira huzhinji, kusanganisira maonero. Kushandiswa kwezviyero zvekumanikidzirwa kwehurumende kuvasarudzo chiratidzo chekutonga. Iwe unogona here kutaura kuti zviremera zviri kutevera, somuenzaniso, boka re "Ocean Elzy" kana mamwe masangano nevamwe vanhu vanorwisana nemutemo mukuru? Vanyori vanozviramba izvi. Asi chimwe chinhu chiri kuitika. Nzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana dzehutano, dzimwe nguva kunyange hwemamiriro ezvinhu anonyanyisa, dziri kuedza kusunungura kushungurudzwa kweiyo inonzi muromo wechishanu. Panguva imwecheteyo, maonero evanhu vanogona kutsoropodza nzvimbo ipi neipi, kusanganisira iyo inopikisa. Asi kushandiswa kwakanyanya muhurukuro uye nharo dzezvematongerwo enyika yezwi rokuti "shanu yechishanu" - chii icho, kana kwete kuwedzera kwehutano hwemagariro evanhu uye kwete kukwikwidza kurwisana nematombo, vavengi vevanhu, cosmopolitans nezvimwe zvakadaro?