Chii chinonzi pathogenic chakuvhe?

Notumwe vari yoga umambo mhuka. Vane zvakasiyana-siyana: dzinodyiwa, uturu, chakuvhuvhu, mbiriso, uye vamwe vakawanda. sayenzi yemazuva anoziva zvipenyu vanopfuura mazana mashanu notumwe. zvisikwa izvi zviri kwose kwose panyika, kunyange mukati munhu. Vamwe vavo kuwirirana nevanhu uye kuti mikana utachiona. Pathogenic chakuvhe hazvo kuti chirwere. Iye anopinda mune zvakasikwa uye anotsvaka kuhwina nzvimbo pasi pezuva, uyewo mari nokuda zvimwe kukura. Zvinosuwisa, kunokanganisa utano hwevanhu.

tsananguro

Pathogenic notumwe - utachiona iyi yakadzika uye zvachero fungal zvirwere muvanhu nemhuka. zvisikwa izvi vanowanzova dermatophytes kukirasi, kuti dzaifura ganda. Zvishoma kacho, munewo yakaderera notumwe uye actinomycetes.

Vane chaiyo tropism kuti nyama yemhuka. Izvi zvinoreva kuti Epiderme e dermatophytes vanosarudza munhu mvere romusoro, mbiriso - nhengo dzinobudisa ezvinhu, Candida - parenchymal zvomukati, Aspergillus vanogara munyika kufema ino, uye actinomycetes vanoda kugara mune mapfupa.

Kuziva izvi unhu chiremba anogona kusiyana chirwere uye taurira marapiro.

Kupatsanura pakati pathogenic notumwe

Muumambo notumwe pathogenic notumwe vari rakakamurwa muzvipoka zviviri: nebhitumini muforoma uye hunokuvadza vaivapo. Last disassembled kupinda makirasi manomwe mazita anoratidza yokusafa nzendo pakukura:

- tsitridomitsety;
- gipotsitridomitsety;
- oomycetes;
- Zygomycetes;
- Ascomycetes;
- bazidomitsety;
- Deuteromycetes.

Mana Nhengo yokutanga vanoumba boka ezasi notumwe, vamwe vakuru uye yokupedzisira kirasi - kune vasina notumwe. Most pathogenic notumwe anokonzera zvirwere muvanhu, muri Deuteromycetes.

The ehupfumi pamusoro pathogenic notumwe

Man kakawanda pakarepo anoona kuti muviri wake ukabatwa pathogenic notumwe. Spores (howa mbeu) refu uye kutora chimiro chubhu, inoramba ichikura wakawondereiko kudai mazuva ose uye kuti pakupedzisira kutendeuka muna Gifu uye kuva hwaro mycelium. Nechekare Panguva iyi yekudyidzana vaishora. Hyphae kuvakuru notumwe ane partition, uye rezasi - kwete. Hyphae kubva spores siyana kukura, intertwine nemumwe, uye pakupedzisira pamusoro substrate mycelium inokura.

Nokuti kugadzirwa mishonga uye Diagnostics pathogenic mhando notumwe akura ari inotonhorera nhau, akadai Sabouraud, Czapek-Dox, pamusoro naMashi uye sana Hagari. A chinodiwa ndiwo ph pazasi nomwe.

masero Fungal akafukidzwa rusvingo carbohydrate, asi fuma iyo kusarudza zvirimwa nokuzivikanwa, ndiye chitin. Haadi sei pamwe kuti penicillin uye lysozyme, saka ane yepamusoro virulence mumuviri womunhu.

Pathogenic notumwe husingakwanisi mumuviri makemikari mishonga yokuuraya utachiona. Treatment wavo anogona kukonzera irreparable kukuvara mapazi uye hurongwa kwevanhu, sezvo kunoda refu pfungwa zvinodhaka dzomumuviri. Most nehanya kurapa microspores, uye muduku - Candida. Selection zvinodhaka rakaoma nokuti imwe mhando notumwe zvakasiyana mubatanidzwa maantigen uye muchetura, makemikari nezvimwewo zviri pathogenicity vachiri asingazivikanwi.

Kunyanya noutachiona muvanhu

Notumwe, pathogenic kuvanhu, anogona kukonzera zvirwere, iyo inogona kupatsanurwa maererano localization muzvikwata zvina:

1. Deep mycoses - pokukundwa parenchymal nhengo, sepsis, kufambiswa spores kubva anokonzera chirwere kuti pedyo tishu.
2. Subcutaneous mycoses, ivo subkutannye. Notumwe nyuchi kuti Epiderme e, dermis, subcutaneous mafuta, fascia, uye kunyange mapfupa.
3. Epidermomikozy dermatomycosis kana nomukaka inomuka pamusoro yokumusoro ganda akaturikidzana, bvudzi uye zvipikiri.
4. Zvachero mycoses (keratomikozy). Pathogenic notumwe paganda kukanganisa chete stratum corneum uye bvudzi.

A yoga boka secrete chirwere utachiona zviri mikana notumwe. Ichi mukana zvirwere, iyo kuitika apo masoja kudzivirira muviri simba, akadai HIV, hepatitis B kana C, oncological chirwere.

Kakawanda causative vaishandira fungal zvirwere zvinowanikwa muvhu kana guruva, saka zvakakosha kushanda haende, kugeza muriwo uye miriwo, kuchenesa nyoro iri musha. Deep mycoses kuonekwa mushure inhalation kuti mumiriri, uye zvakafanira kuti spores mapinda vanga pemvura kuti pave nezvirwere ganda.

kutapata

Pathogenic chakuvhe kupinda mumuviri, zvichikonzera kupindana zvinoitwa zvirwere zvakakodzera kuziva uye vave antigen wakananga kudzivirira naro.

Kazhinji, vose howa - immunogens simba, saka vanhu kazhinji ndivo sema kwavari. Zvaakazoita hwapedyo pamusoro norudzi kunonoka-mhando hypersensitivity uye cytotoxic mhando. Uyewo, T-mubatsiri masero havi zvinyama macrophages kubvisa spores. Humoral Kupindura akaratidza sezvo mukuru titer antibodies iyo kuona padariro chirwere, uyewo activation kuti mukwanisi pedyo chekare uye dzimwe panzira.

chirwere kubva fungal zvirwere

Nyore nzira kuziva pathogenic notumwe - Microscopy. Varwere kutora ropa, madzihwa uye ganda maronda, rinoshandisirwa pamusoro egirazi, akasvibiswa kana kubatwa acids, uye ipapo akaisa muchiedza kana Erekitironi maikorosikopu. nzira iyi kunoita kuti kuongorora morphological zviri nayo utachiona uye kuona kwayo chitarisiko.

Dzimwe murabhoritari yakadyarwa howa nhau vanosarudza uye vachengete kukura kwavo uye hunotanga kuora chepfu zvakasiyana siyana. Izvi zvinobatsira nemashoko nokukanganisika nemaonero kuziva causative pomutumwa.

Achipindura pakatanga pathogenic notumwe kwevanhu antibodies ropa kuonekwa, chokwadi izvo zvinogona tsunga nokuda serological nzira. Zvisinei, nemhaka muitiro wakadaro arege kuva yakarurama, sezvo marudzi akasiyana howa ane muchinjikwa reactive maantigen.

In epidemiological zvidzidzo, kuti tizive chikamu chavagari, izvo akanga kare fungal zvirwere, uchishandisa ganda nemiedzo. Rwunoita unoziva kana kare vasangana muviri uyu mhando antigen kana kwete. Rokuongorora nzira iyi hazvigoni kushandiswa, sezvo ane yakaderera specificity.

The genus Candida

To musi, izvozvo dzinounzwa 186 marudzi ose genus Candida, asi chete vamwe vavo anogona kukonzera zvirwere muvanhu. Somuenzaniso, C. albicans, C. pseudotropicalis, C. tropicalis, C. krusei, C. parapsilosis, C. Quillermondii nevamwe.

Izvi mikana notumwe kuti anogara yevanhu dumbu. Inokura zvakanaka munharaunda akapfuma makabhohaidhiretsi. Nyuchi akaumbwa masero duku denderedzwa, dzakarukwa neshinda mycelium. nokukurumidza izvozvo Anowanza muropa panguva dzose tembiricha rworwendo 37, atova maawa matatu mashoma zviuru spores matsva kuumbwa hyphae. Kumera masero ari zvinyama pamwe simba omunharaunda zvirwere kupindurwa paumbwe pus.

Muvanhu utano uye mhuka nemumuromo mhango muna 50 muzana zviitiko vakakushwa notumwe pamusoro genus Candida, ari faeces - rinenge nguva pamusoro ganda uye mucous membranes dzokubereka turakiti - 10 muzana. Inokudziridza kana chirwere zvikuru zvinobva mamiriro masoja uye kwemakemikari anobudiswa enyika. Candidiasis kungakonzera kwezvinodhaka kurapa immunosuppressants, corticosteroids, mishonga cytotoxic, nemwaranzi kurwara, refu mishonga, kenza uye nemumuromo pamuviri.

Pathogenic notumwe kukonzera chirwere uye chirwere cheshuga mellitus, dysfunction pamusoro kwemakemikari anobudiswa omumuviri, uye vamwe. Munguva ichangopfuura, yekudyidzana zvakawedzera uwandu iatrogenic candidiasis pashure zvomusejari uye chirwere dzokuvhiya. Uyezve, ganda maronda uye mucous notumwe pamusoro genus Candida ndomumwe zvezvinangwa neAIDS.

Pneumocystis nemabayo

Pneumocystis carinii - a chakuvhe kuti vainyanya zvarinoita munyama ari kufema hurongwa. Kuti kutarisa wayo tsika ehupfumi hazvikwani kwakajairika inotonhorera zvenhau, unofanira kushandisa huku tuvana kana kuramba muchitokisi tsika.

Cysts ndiwo makamuri kumativi, zvinovonekwa mukati basophilic masero. The mapoka akapoteredza cysts vakura munogara papi vechiduku uye zvenguva siyana. Kuvapo usanganidzo mitumbi achibvumira masayendisiti anonzi mukirasi Pneumocystis actinomycetes.

notumwe izvi zvinokonzera nemabayo, asi mune zvimwe zviitiko angaguma uye dzimwe nhengo dzomukati: itsvo, chirwatata, nhengo dzinobudisa hurongwa, the retina, mwoyo, chitaka, rwatata, uye kunyange muuropi. The chirwere Kazhinji rinowanikwa mune vana vane kuderedzwa kutapata.

aspergillosis

chakuvhe ichi unoumba munhu kumeso mitema dzaitongwa kuti kukura zvakanaka kwevanhu muviri tembiricha, asi haugoni kushivirira kupisa. Kazhinji kuwanikwa chikafu, matanda. Kukonzera chenjera chirwere pashure kurova yakawanda spores kupinda muviri zvokudya Somuenzaniso chingwa. chirwere hwapedyo yechipiri chikamu, pamusoro pakanyorwa pathologies ropa, sarcoma, tibhii, corticosteroid marapirwo, immunosuppressive. Hazvina chakasvitswa pamunhu nomunhu.

Kakawanda zvinokanganisawo kufema hurongwa, dzimwe nguva achiita ganda zvirwere zvakadai eczema. Mycelium kumativi necrotic zvinyama ari lesion kuonekwa granulomas. A maitiro chinhu ndiko chimiro in muzvinhu sei kuti ane fungal balls. The mabhuku anotsanangura zviitiko systemic noutachiona pamwe maronda ari nechepakati tsinga.