Description, nhoroondo uye Ireland Square

Emerald Ireland, akazara ngano pamusoro Leprechauns uye elves, agara akamutsa mubereko remasayendisiti uye vematongo. Pashure pezvose, chitsuwa anoonekwa kuva mumwe wevaya nenzvimbo vanhu vagara kare - zviuru masere BC. A Ireland chitsuwa nharaunda 84 sq. M. km izvo anobvumira kuti rwugare mutsetse wechitatu mazita zviwi pakukura Europe. Uyezve, kusvikira zvino vematongo havana kukwanisa kuzivisa chinangwa megalithic dolmens uye vazhinji vanowanikwa munyika. Risingadaviriki, asi kusvikira zvino nzvimbo Ireland achiri kwete zvakazara kuongororwa, uye zvinoreva kuti nhoroondo idzi anoshamisa inogona kuwedzerwa nezvinhu zvinofadza chokwadi.

Vagari Ireland rokutanga

Masayendisiti anodavira kuti okutanga vanhu kuIreland akauya pano pakarepo pashure kuguma Ice Age kana okunze anobvumirwa vanzwe vakasununguka munyika idzi. Nokururamisira nokukurumidza yose Ireland yaigarwa nzvimbo uye vanhu veko anonzi akatanga kuvaka siyana megalithic hurongwa. It achiri kuzivikanwa nei Irish yekare vakanga vachivaka vatorwa zvivako izvi. Asi, somuenzaniso, dolmens vanoonekwa kwevafi sezvivako. Kunyange zvazvo mamwe masayendisiti anoti vane zvaanoreva chitsvene, uye nokubatsira avo Vagari chitsuwa raiwanzobatana midzimu. Panzira, muna mumwe megalithic zvivako, vanochera matongo vakawana mukuru ibwe mepu dzedenga iyo mwedzi wakanga uchida chaizvo uye anoratidza kuzorodzwa.

Ireland ari chiKristu

Around remakore rechipiri BC pachitsuwa yagara marudzi vaCelt. Vakatanga kutama wokuEastern Europe uye pakupedzisira vakagara kwete chete pamusoro yakaoma, asi pazvitsuwa pedyo. Nharaunda yose kwave kugona ne vaCelt of Ireland nokukurumidza, vakashandisa zvombo simbi, zvakasiyana militancy uye chido rutsigiro rwemauto. Part vemo vakaparadzwa, uye navamwe vepazvitsuwa zvishoma nezvishoma akabatanidza kupinda rumwe chete vaCelt. Zvinokosha kucherechedza kuti kukunda chitsuwa chakanaka chaizvo zvazvinoita tsika dzayo uye kubudirira. The vaCelt vakauya navo michina mitsva, mutauro, kunyora, uye chitendero. Zvinenge zvose Irish ngano dzimwe mhirikiro munhoroondo Celtic uye zvaunotenda.

Zvinonzi rwakabatana madzinza Celtic pakati Druids, uyo akasiya zvakadzama mucherechedzo tsika marudzi mazhinji European. Vamwe vanyori venhau dzakaitika vanoti Druids vakauya kuna Ireland zivo yavo yakakura uye vakadzidzisa vana vanhu veko netsika dzavo uye chitendero. Kusvikira ikozvino, vakawanda ngano rinotaura akachenjera uye dzakanaka masvikiro vakabatsira kukudziridza Irish zvokurima uye norupo akagovana kwavo zivo cosmology, kurima uye kuporeswa zvakadzama.

ZvechiKristu of Ireland

Around pakutanga kwezana remakore rechishanu Ireland yakatanga kunaya mamishinari okutanga akaedza kutendeutsa vemo chiKristu. Zvinokosha kucherechedza kuti kuwedzera Day St. Patrick, uyo anonzi anokosha vasande Irish vakabatsira kuti zvechiKristu chacho ndakaita uye vamwe vashumiri Church - St. Ireneus Somuenzaniso, kana Kevin mutsvene. Asi mukuru Baptist Ireland achiri kuzivikanwa sezvo St. Patrick akaberekerwa muBritain uye makore anopfuura mashanu kupedzerwa wokuIreland varanda.

Sezvo nzvimbo Ireland yakakura zvakakwana, uye yevagari vachawanda, iyo zvechiKristu kwakaitika mumatanho akawanda kwemazana emakore, kuwana pachake zvachiri muna kwacho. For Ireland, akanga asina kuparadzwa yo kuvaHedheni, uye nokuiswa kutenda chitsva. Mamishinari zvishoma nezvishoma vabvume vomunzvimbo, akavaka dzemamongi uye kushingaira kudzidzisa Irish. Izvi zvakaita kuti chokwadi kuti munguva zvetsika kwokuderera Europe, Ireland akava yakabudirira nyika, apo chiKristu hachisi shoma vanhu, uye vakutarisire - kuramba nayo. The mamongi vakabatsira kuti kukura mutauro wakanyorwa, akasika mifananidzo nemamwe kuti Ecclesiastical zvidzidzo uye dzinokatyamadza zvivezwa. vanochera matongo zhinji uye vanyori venhau dzakaitika kuti 5-6th remakore "yendarama zera" of Ireland.

Viking vachirwisa

Ireland (nharaunda, ndima uye wakakodzera okunze akaita) akaita Akakwezva vavakidzani. Muna 8-9 emakore Irish kuzopindazve vakanga pasi mumwe Viking rusingaperi.

Ivo wakaparadza misha uye dzimba dzemamongi, zvakawanda zvakanga rakaparadzwa pasi. Kuti vawedzere nawo VaViking akatanga kumisa guta ravo uye zvishoma nezvishoma wakafananidzwa zvemo vagere chitsuwa. Around Dublin rakavakwa muna 988, yaiva kuridza basa rinokosha kukura chitsuwa. VaViking akateya dzakafanana chiteshi maguta akanga nokuti mararamiro avo zvinokosha. Zvishoma nezvishoma akatanga kupora pachiwi dzemamongi, uye vakunda asisiri kubata zvemamongi ane tsanga yomunyu. Vakadzidza kuti mushandirapamwe kuvapo murugare.

The Irish havasi chete kuedza kumisa nechisimba VaViking, asi chete mukutanga remakore rechi11 Brian Boru (mambo mukuru) akakwanisa kukunda mauto.

Pokugadzwa British zviremera

Ireland guru nzvimbo (mu mativi makiromita - .. 84 zviuru) aisagona tichikufunga atambudzwe yeBritain. Kubva muzana remakore rechi11 vakatanga kuverevedza kusvika zvikuru maguta Irish, zvishoma nezvishoma anokunda pavo. Kubva muzana remakore rechi12, Korol Genrih II akazviti Ishe Ireland uye chigaro simba rake pamusoro zvimwe chikamu chacho. Britain-Norman madzishe haana kukundikana kuwana guru munda Irish uye vakatanga kuunganidza nayo mukutonga kwake.

Pakazosvika mangwanani remakore rechi17 Britain vakanga vagara pasi pachitsuwa uye zvechokwadi kuisa mitemo yavo pachavo. Zvishoma nezvishoma kutsiva wokuIreland mutauro, tsika. Asi ichi kwenguva, muitiro uyu haana kuwana vakawanda hunhu, saka Irish akatsungirira mirairo hurumende itsva nokushivirira.

Chakatishamisa weboka vanhu vari akwegura uye itsva iri zvakajeka pachena muzana remakore rechi17. Yemadzitateguru Irish uye Chirungu vaKaturike vaiva munzanga ichi pakutanga, asi kuti vava vatadzi. British Vagari-kureva pachavo kuti hurumende itsva, vagari vemo, riri kuva varombo ose gore.

Kudzvinyirirwa Irish: kukura nyika achitungamirirwa weBritish

The British, vari vazhinji Mapurotesitenzi achishingaira nokumanikidza vaKaturike, vakanga vanenge zvose rechiIrish. Pakazosvika zana remakore rechi17 zvakatorera monstrous zvechokwadi siyana. VaKaturike vairambidzwa kutenga munda, vane machechi avo, kugamuchira dzidzo yepamusorosoro uye kutaura mutauro wavo. The nyika yakatanga kumukirawo kwakaguma refu ezvitendero kurwisana kwakazokonzera weboka munyika.

Pakazopera muzana remakore rechi18, chechi yeRoma hamuna zvinopfuura zvishanu muzana munyika uye netsika akapona chete nemhaka kuitwa clandestine nzanga, izvo dzakatorwa kwevhiki uye anoitisa kudzidzisa makirasi kuchizvarwa chevechiduku.

In wokutanga kota remakore rechi19 kwave kune nyungudika ukama pakati Ireland neBritain. Zvakakwanisika nemhaka basa Daniel O'Connell, vanyengetedza Chirungu Parliament akapfuura mitemo yakawanda kuti zviite upenyu Irish vaKaturike. Patriot ichi nechido akadzivirira kodzero vamwe vagari uye vakaedza recreate paramende Irish kuti aizobvumira vanogara pachitsuwa pacharo itibatsire nyika zvematongerwo enyika.

Prerequisites Hondo Independence

Zvichida nyaya Ireland ingadai yakapfuura mumwe nzira, asi pakati remakore rechi19 munyika kwemakore matatu akatevedzana aiva goho varombo nembatatisi, raiva kwainyanya zvokudya rechiIrish. Vagari akatanga nenzara, asi maererano nemitemo zvakatangwa yeBritain, vakanga aivigirwa kune dzimwe nyika zviyo. Gore negore vanhu Ireland akanga aderedzwa, iri tariro youpenyu nani vepazvitsuwa vakatanga kutama kubva munyika. Vazhinji vavo ndokugara US, vamwe vanoedza rombo ake muEngland. Munguva pfupi Ireland andisiya mhuri anenge mamiriyoni maviri.

Pakupera kwezana remakore rechi19 Irish akaomerera akatanga kutsvaka kuzvitonga. Asi ndipo zvakajeka akaratidza vezvitendero kusiyana Vagari venyika - nechekuchamhembe Ireland Aimiririrwa vaPurotesitendi, nepo vakawanda vakawanda uye akaramba Catholic. VaPurotesitendi zvinopikisa hurumende, izvo zvakaita kuti vawedzere kusungika munyika.

Pasinei nokuti British akanga dzakabvumirana zvimwe tobvuma kuti Irish uye akasaina gwaro iri kuzvitonga, Ireland uye akagara pasi zvachose kudzora Britain. Izvi vatsigiri kunetseka chaizvo kuzvitsaura kubva korona, uye April 24, 1916 kumukira akarererwa muDublin, urwo rwakatora mazuva matanhatu. By kuguma kwayo anenge zvose vatungamiri sangano vakaurayiwa, izvo zvakakonzera kubuda echimurenga kufamba kuIreland. Muna 1919, zvakaziviswa pakusikwa Irish Parliament, uye akazvimirira zvokuvhoterwa.

Chitsuwa Ireland: nharaunda, nharaunda nhasi

Irish chido chokuzvitonga kwakaita kuti zvechiuto Varwisei England, kubvira muna 1919 kusvika muna 1921. Somugumisiro, nevapanduki makawana aida uye kuva zvachose vasingatungamirirwi Britain, asi achikanganisa rusununguko aiva zvaparadzanisa renyika uye nzanga.

Somugumisiro, mepu rakaumbwa maviri inoti - Irish Free State uye Northern Ireland. Uye zvikuru chikamu chacho ndohwaJehovha Irish Free State, northerners kugara chete chete-wechitanhatu chacho.

Chii nzvimbo Ireland (Republic): tsanangudzo pfupi

Sezvo kuzivisa rusununguko Republic of Ireland ave vakagamuchirwa kwaro nhengo 26 mumaruwa, uye munyika yacho ndiyo 70 sq. M. ? km. Ndicho chikuru mamiriro pachitsuwa.

80-ies wekupedzisira remakore, nyika yakanga kutarisana nezvinetso zvemari, vanhu vakaramba kusiya nyika, asi kuwana basa muIreland zvakanga zvakaoma. Asi kwemakore anopfuura 20, mamiriro ezvinhu akaita kugadzikana. Economy kunzwa wakatsiga kukura, uye ndiani akabuda asvika mukomana kumusha kamwe zvakare. Maererano achangobva kubuda, akadzokera kuIreland kuti vanopfuura 50 muzana vevanhu. Uye izvi zvinoratidza kuti vari vakangomirira pamberi nyika kuti zvakanaka kuchinja.

Northern Ireland: tsananguro uye unhu

Kana tikafunga zvinonyatsorehwa nzvimbo United Kingdom, Ireland dzinounzwa hapana kukosha nzvimbo akadaro (240.5 ba. M. And 84 zviuru? Km. Ba. Km azvaitwa). Asi vagari kuchamhembe chikamu chacho vakaguta chaizvo pamwe Nezvagara Zviripo muna 1920.

Nzvimbo Northern Ireland kunongova pamusoro 14 mativi mamita. km munyika wakapinda mumaruwa 6 chete. Zvinokosha kucherechedza kuti, kusvikira 1998, muna Northern Ireland, kurwisana kunopfuurira pakati pevaKaturike nevaPurotesitendi. Kazhinji, vakanga achiperekedzwa musazonetsanazve nezvombo, uye United Kingdom kupfuura kwangotangwa mauto avo munyika yacho kusanzwisisana.

Makore anenge 30 ezvitendero kuuraya vanhu vanopfuura zviuru zvitatu. Chete pakutanga 21 remakore vakasuwa nyika yasvika yorunyararo, dzairwisana mapato takayananiswa uye vakakwanisa kubvumirana pamwe. Mumakore achangopfuura, chikamu vanhu Northern Ireland vachida reunification pamwe Republic uye kudzokera kuti kusaroora pachitsuwa. Asi pfungwa haritsigiri wose munyika paramende, izvo dzingava chikonzero chimwe kuramba tichishanda nokurwisana munguva yemberi.

mhedziso

Ireland munhau yacho Zvisinei ruzivo zhinji nguva zvakaoma uye ropa kurwisana nezvombo,, akaramba unconquered mweya vanhu kana pakati vakundi. Pashure pezvose, ose Irishman bleeds varwi Celtic vaiziva sei kudzivirira rusununguko rwavo uye tsika.