Chii ACS? Self-propelled atirari chokugadza: kupatsanura, izita

Self-propelled atirari zviumbu (Sau) akadana kurwisa motokari, izvo hapana kupfuura kuzvipira propelled chassis-vakatasva atirari pfuti. Muupenyu hwezuva nezuva dzimwe nguva inonzi self propelled pfuti kana artsamohodami. Munyaya ino, tichatarisa zvakataurwa ACS, apo vari kushandiswa sezvo Classified uye vakasiyana nevamwe mhando zvombo iri.

pfupiso

Saka, chii ACS? Mupfungwa yakakura sezvo ACS anogona kuonekwa zvose kurwisa motokari, izvo vakapakata pfuti. Zvisinei, muna yakamanikana mupfungwa kuti ACS zvinosanganisira chete avo michina kuti vari vakabata pfuti kana howitzers, asi havasi Matangi kana warrior motokari.

Sau marudzi siyana, uyewo avo dzose. Vanogona handicap kana yakawana chassis, kudzivirira kana kwete kudzivirira zvombo, yakatarira kana shongwe Gomo huru pfuti. Vakawanda vaizviona propelled atirari hwenyika, vakapakata neshongwe zvivako, akafanana dzehondo. Zvisinei, ivo vakasiyana chaizvo kubva matangi kuti tactical kushandiswa nokudzikama "dzokurwa maoko."

Self-propelled atirari chikwata (ACS) akatanga nhoroondo yaro vakapoteredza nguva apo kanoni wokutanga uye warrior motokari - mukutanga remakore rechi20. Uyezve, kubva nemaonero emazuva sayenzi nemauto, okutanga dzehondo French vakanga nokukurumidza analogue papera Sau pane matangi. Pakati uye yechipiri yezana remakore rechimakumi maviri ari kutungamirira nyika vakauya nguva nokukurumidza kusimudzira ose nokuzvidzora propelled atirari.

Mukutanga-maviri rokutanga remakore, nemhaka hombe kusvetuka zvesayenzi rechiuto, otomatiki kuzvidzora, maererano nenyanzvi dzakawanda, akatanga vanoti ukuru nezvimwe motokari warrior. Kare, zvechokwadi aiva matangi. Basa ACS ari ezvinhu emauto hondo ano riri kukura gore negore.

History of budiriro

On munda, Hondo Yenyika First yekurwira akashandisa kuzvidzora propelled zviyero, zvakavakwa pachishandiswa nemarori, nematarakita anofamba kana Crawler. Gare gare, pamwe pave matangi, mainjiniya vakaziva kuti tangi nechigadziko ndiyo yakanakisisa akakodzera kuti kugadzwa simba atirari enyika. Unarmored pfuti pamusoro chassis vaivawo kukanganwa, nekuti ivo inozivikanwa dzavo dzakakwirira mufambo.

MuRussia, wokutanga warrior ACS akapa mwanakomana D. I. Mendeleeva - VD Mendeleev. Panguva First World War uye Civil War aishingaira ashandisa 72-millimeter pfuti Länder, yakavakwa pachishandiswa motokari "Russo-Balt". Cabs vamwe vavo kunyange zvishomanana warrior. Mune 20s remakore rapfuura kukura ACS mubasa USSR, Germany uye United States, asi vakawanda zvirongwa chinhu kupfuura kuberekerwa mwana nomumwe kugadzwa.

Apo Soviet Union uye Germany akatanga vanoshingaira kuva mauto ayo warrior, mukana massively yakaiswa pamusoro chassis tangi atirari. Saka, muSoviet Union pachishandiswa Matangi T-35 uye T-28 kumumvuri kuzvidzora propelled pfuti SU-14 akasikwa. MuGermany, nokuti kutendeuka pasi Sau akashandisa yechinyakare Matangi Pz Kpfw I.

Hondo Yenyika II waida kushandiswa rese. Germany aungana yabereka ACS inobva akwegura uye akabatwa matangi. Zvichienderana yayo michina, vakaita zvakawanda nyore uye kokupata kugadzwa. Nyaya vaisanganisira vakadaro mienzaniso German: StuG III, uye StuG IV, Hummel uye Wespe, kuzvicheka-propelled pfuti "Ferdinand" (zvinonzi vairwa Hetzer uye delta tangi) uye vashoma vamwe. Kubvira pakupera 1944 kugadzirwa ACS muGermany vakapfuura vhoriyamu kugadzirwa matangi.

The Red Army akatanga kurwa pasina Serial kuzvidzora propelled atirari. Kugadzirwa rimwe kuzvidzora propelled howitzer SU-5 rikaguma muna 1937. Asi muna July 1941, pakava kuzvidzora propelled pfuti zis-30 kuberekerwa mwana nomumwe mhando. Uye gore rakatevera ungano mutsetse vakaenda dzepabonde pfuti muenzaniso SU-122. Gare gare warrior motokari counterweight German rinorema akazviratidza nomukurumbira SU-100 uye Manje-152.

British uye American mainjiniya pfungwa mauto avo kunyanya kugadzirwa anozvipira propelled howitzers. Saka pakanga womuenzaniso: Sexton, Bishop, M12 uye M7 Priest.

Nokuda kukura huru yehondo matangi, kudiwa kushandiswa kurwisa zvombo akanyangarika. Anti-chombo hurongwa pamwe neherikoputa gunships zvikuru zvinobudirira kunogona kutsiva tangi muparadzi. Asi howitzers uye pfuti Anti-ndege vari kukura kudaro kure.

Sezvo ACS chadzo vakakura uye kuwedzera kupatsanura. Funga Mhando anozvipira propelled pfuti Vakaonekwa sainzi rechiuto nhasi.

tangi vaparadzi

Sezvo zita rinoreva, michina hondo zvakadaro kushandiswa mukuparadza warrior motokari. Kazhinji, ivo vakawana nguva barreled zvombo semiautomatic pfuti ane caliber 57 mm kusvika 100 mm ane unitary ndinorova nzira kuti kunoita kuti vawane yakakwirira mwero moto. Heavy tangi vaparadzi, zvakagadzirirwa kurwisa chete muvengi muchina uye inorema Matangi zvinogona vakabata refu-barreled pfuti akatsemura uchiraira, iyo caliber izvo dzakasvikira 155 mm. Installations vekirasi ichi hadzibatsiri pamusoro inifanduri uye masvingo. Achakwakuka kukura vakagamuchira panguva Second World War. Mamirire dzinomiririra tangi munoparadza nguva chinhu Soviet kuzvidzora propelled pfuti SU-100 muenzaniso uye German "jagdpanther". Pari kugadzwa mukirasi iyi akasvimha Anti-chombo gadziriro uye kurwisa helicopters, zviri zvikuru inobudirira kutsungirira matangi.

kurwisa pfuti

Ko warrior motokari kuti rutsigiro moto matangi inifanduri. ACS akadai guru-kunorwa (105-203 mm) kana-pfupi-refu barreled pfuti, izvo nyore yarova akavakirirwa zvinzvimbo inifanduri. Uyezve, kurwisa pfuti raigona kushandiswa zvinobudirira pamusoro matangi. Izvi mhando yokuzvidzora propelled pfuti, uyewo kare, aishingaira yakatanga panguva Second World War. Pachena mienzaniso German dzepabonde kwepfuti propelled simbi StuG III, StuG H42 uye Brummbar. Pakati michina Soviet musiyano SU-122 SU-152. Pashure pehondo, kuvandudzwa chikuru hondo Matangi zvakatungamirira kuti vakanga ihwohwo makuru-caliber pfuti, anokwanisa kuuraya muvengi masvingo pasina matambudziko uye unarmored kushungurudza. Saka, tinofanira kushandisa ndokumukira zvombo akanyangarika.

Self-propelled howitzers

Ko Mobile zvishandiso kuti moto kubva zvakavanzwa zvinzvimbo. Kutaura zvazviri, zvinoita propelled analogue towed atirari. Kwakadaro ACS vakazvigadzirira caliber atirari enyika kubvira 75 kusvika 406 millimeters. Vaiva zvishoma Ballistic bhuku, iyo waidzivirira kunze kubva pakaunda-bhatiri moto. Kubvira pakutanga chaipo, kukura anozvipira propelled atirari dzakabudirira uye kuzvidzora propelled howitzers. Pfuti guru caliber dzakakwirira mufambo uye ano Positioning nehurongwa kuita kwakadai chombo pakati inonyatsobudirira nhasi.

Kunyanya kushandiswa kuzvidzora propelled howitzers caliber kupfuura 152 millimeters. Vanogona kurova panguva muvengi renyukireya warheads, izvo zvinoita kuti tikwanise kuparadza zvinhu huru uye mumapoka mauto pamwe vashoma kwepfuti. Panguva Second World War, motokari German vari rakakurumbira Wespe uye Hummel, American howitzers M7 (Priest) uye M12, uyewo British Sexton self propelled pfuti uye Bishop. The Soviet Union vakaedza kumisa kugadzirwa michina yakadaro (muenzaniso of Su-5) muna 40-ies wekupedzisira remakore, asi kuedza ichi haana kubudirira. Nhasi, hondo ano Russian kuitwa imwe yakanakisisa self propelled howitzer munyika - 2S19 "MSTA-S" caliber pakati 152 mm. In mauto NATO nyika zvaikosha nzira 155-mm kuzvidzora propelled pfuti ayo, "Paladin" mubasa.

Anti

Sau mukirasi iyi ndivo Semi-rakazaruka kana kuvhura muchina, vakabata Anti tangi zvombo. Kazhinji, ivo hunovakirwa mujinga chiedza warrior tangi chassis, izvo zvava zvisingachashandi ayo aida kushandiswa. Michina iyi Munokudzwa nokuda mubatanidzwa mutengo uye Kushanda zvakanaka zvinowanikwa nekaupenyu dzakakwirira Mavhoriyamu. Zvisinei, vachiri akarasa nemauto zvechadenga muchina yakawanda specialization. A wakanaka muenzaniso tangi muparadzi Hondo Yenyika II ndiyo muchina German Marder II uye mudzimba SU-76M. Kazhinji, zvakadai duku-kunorwa kana kuisa srednekalibernymi pfuti. Zvisinei, dzimwe nguva kune zvakawanda simba shanduro Somuenzaniso, German Nashorn caliber kuti 128 mm. The ano Uto zviumbu vasiri kushandiswa.

antiaircraft

It is kushandiswa kanoni uye zvigwagwagwa, ane basa chikuru ndiko kukunda pasi dzemakomo uye svikiro dzemakomo ndege uye muvengi helicopters. Kazhinji ndivo diki-caliber otomatiki pfuti vakabata (20-40 mm) uye / kana guru caliber pfuti (12,7-14,5 mm). Chinhu chinokosha pamusoro Anti-ndege nhungamiro hurongwa rakanga nokukurumidza kutamira kunangwa. Dzimwe nguva anowedzera vakapakata zvombo ari "pasi-kuti-mhepo." In mumadhorobha kurwisa, uye munyaya kana zvakakodzera kurwisa guru pavazhinjisa inifanduri, kwepfuti Anti ndege akaratidza pacharo uyewo asina kuva. Panguva Second World War, kunyanya akasiyanisa German pfuti Anti-ndege Wirbelwind uye Ostwind, uyewo Soviet ZSU-37. Uto Russian yemazuva ano mbiri ZSU vakapakata: 23-4 ( "Shilka") uye "Tunguska".

kuberekerwa mwana nomumwe

Vari kugadzirwa kurwa motokari, zvakagadzirirwa pachishandiswa ezvokutengeserana marori, atirari nematarakita anofamba uye nematarakita anofamba. Reservation muna kuberekerwa mwana nomumwe Sau, sezvo mutemo, kushayikwa. Pazvipfuwo zvivako Kuparadzirwa kirasi yakadaro akagamuchirwa 57-mm kuzvidzora propelled Anti-tangi rwisana motokari zis-30 kuti kunobva munhu yakawana atirari tarakita "Komsomolets". Yainyanya kushandiswa kuberekerwa mwana nomumwe michina, Nazi Germany uye yechiFascist Italy nokuti yokushaya zvimwe motokari warrior.

A chaiwo kuzvidzora propelled atirari of USSR akabudirira anosanganisa mashandiro mumakirasi vakawanda. An pachena muenzaniso uyu aiva muenzaniso Manje-152. VokuGermany vakanamatira nzira rakasikwa zvikuru unyanzvi kuzvidzora propelled pfuti. Somugumisiro, dzimwe dzakabatana eGermany dzakanakisisa muzvidzidzo zvavo.

kushandisa nzira

Kuti tinzwisise zvinodzidziswa ACS uye zvavari, ngatidzidzei sei kuzvishandisa uchidzidzira. Chinangwa chikuru chemusha yokuzvidzora propelled atirari muhondo iri kutsigira mamwe marudzi mauto pamwe atirari moto kubva zvakavanzwa zvinzvimbo. Nokuda kuti ACS vane refu mufambo, ivo angaperekedzwa Matangi panguva hwatsvuka kuburikidza muvengi dzakadzivirirwa, yekudyidzana kuwedzera kurwa nezvaanogona ari warrior uye inifanduri mauto.

High mufambo Rinotaurawo mukana self propelled atirari kuzorwisa muvengi. Kuti aite izvi, pre-dzaona ose parameters ose kupfura. ACS ipapo kuenda vachiridzira chinzvimbo uye akatungamirira hombe kurwisa muvengi pasina zeroing. Pashure paizvozvo, vakakurumidza kusiya vachiridzira mutsetse, uye pakazosvika nguva apo muvengi kuchaita ngaaverenge nzvimbo tide kutsiva amurove, nzvimbo anofanira kuva chinhu.

Kana Matangi muvengi uye motorized inifanduri rotonhorera kubudikidza kudzivirira, kuzvidzora propelled atirari inogona kubudirira Anti-tangi zvombo. Kuti izvi zvidaro, dzimwe mhando ACS kupinda ravo rinokosha zvombo anoshongwa.

Mumakore achangopfuura, kuzvicheka-propelled atirari rakatanga kushandiswa kuuraya nemasoja akavanda kuti vari akavanda vachinyara kurwisa dzimwe nzvimbo firepower.

Single kuzvidzora propelled atirari, vakabata zvenyukireya zvombo vanogona kuparadza zvinhu makuru, akakomberedzwa nemisha, uyewo muhomwe wamapoka muvengi. Panyaya iyi, renyukireya zvombo ACS kutonetsa kunomisa. Zvisinei, kuwanda zvichibvira vanonangwa ari zvakanangwa atirari zvombo zvishoma pane kana ndege tactical zvombo, uyewo simba kuputika.

urongwa

Rakajairika nokure, kuzvicheka-propelled michina kazhinji yakavakwa pamusoro mujinga tangi uye chassis chiedza warrior yakawana motokari. Vacho urongwa yenhengo nepamagungano rakafanana. Kusiyana matangi, shongwe ACS kugadzwa riri kurutivi rwemberi dzokurwa nadzo kwedzimba, uye kwete pakati. Saka muitiro unokupai zvombo pasi iri akwanise chaizvo. Engine-kutapukirwa bhendi, ukuwo iri mberi uye pakati mugove waro. Nokuti kuti nokupfuuridzirwa riri uta, zvinokurudzirwa kuti kumberi mavhiri vari kutungamirira. Zvisinei, mune magetsi ACS muitiro kurutivi kushandisa neshure-nemavhiri.

kupatsanurwa management, ndicho chete - a kubasa of mutyairi, riri pedyo nepakati gearbox ari mumuchina kana pedyo norutivi rwayo rworuboshwe. Injini riri pakati pfungwa mutyairi wacho uye vashandi mupanda. Kurwisa mupanda zvinosanganisira zvombo uye mano kuti aiming pfuti.

Hunorondedzerwawo pachake vakagovera zvinoriumba uye nemagungano, pfuti pagomo anogona kunyora pamusoro Tank mharidzo. Dzimwe nguva, vanoita vanomiririra tangi shongwe staffing kuchatsiviwa shongwe chinokosha ine mwero nhumbi nemidziyo kutungamirirwa. Pano tiri nemi uye tsvaka chii ACS.