Chemical uye mumuviri zvivako, uye zvikumbiro okisijeni

Four zvokutanga "chalcogen" (i.e., iri "kuberekwa mhangura") musoro chikuru subgroup mapoka VI (kupatsanura itsva - 16-fung boka) periodic hurongwa. Kunze nesarufa, selenium, tellurium, uye zvakare chokuita oxygen. Ngationgororei muudzame ehupfumi ari inonyanya chinhu Panyika, uyewo kushanda uye kugamuchira okisijeni.

Kuwanda ari chinhu

The okisijeni tigutsikane ari goko iri substantially 50%. Zviri siyana zvicherwa muchimiro oxides uye munyu.

In kufanana chimiro reokisijeni vanobatanidzwa makemikari anoumba mvura - yaro kubva muzana anenge 89%, uye masero ose zvipenyu - zvinomera uye mhuka.

Mudenga, kuti okisijeni iri yepachena mamiriro muchimiro O2 matora cheshanu chacho sezvamunoita, uye muchimiro ozone - O3.

mumuviri ehupfumi

Okisijeni O2 chinhu gasi risina ruvara, kuravidza uye kunhuwidza. Mumvura, soluble zvishoma. Achibika pfungwa - 183 madhigirii pazasi razero Celsius. The mvura okisijeni iri yebhuruu ruvara, nokuumba yebhuruu crystals ari hwakasimba chimiro. Utsotso pfungwa crystals ari okisijeni 218,7 madhigirii pazasi razero Celsius.

mushonga ehupfumi

Kana neshungu, maatomu akafanana izvi zvaanoita nyore zvinhu zvakawanda zvakadai nesimbi uye nonmetals, pova anonzi oxide - unobva okunze pamwe okisijeni. Makemikari maitiro umo zvinhu kuuya okisijeni, rinonzi oxidation.

Somuenzaniso,

4Na + O2 = 2Na2O

S + O2 = SO2

Vamwe kunzwisisa yeimwe uyewo sei pamwe okisijeni, saizvozvovo nokuumba oxides:

CH4 + 2O2 = CO2 + 2H2O

2co + O2 = 2CO2

Kana fuma ikasakendenga zvishoma nezvishoma okisijeni, kunonzi kunonoka oxidation. Somuenzaniso, muitiro uyu manyowa zvokudya, kuorera mazviri.

Kuwana okisijeni

Izvi kwemakemikari chaikosha kunogona kuwanikwa murabhoritari uye muindasitiri vachida.

Preparation reokisijeni murabhoritari rinoitwa munzira dzakawanda:

1. By maitiro manyowa kuti potassium chlorate (potassium chlorate).

2. Kuburikidza manyowa rehydrogen peroxide kuburikidza muchidziisa nayo pamberi manganese oxide, kuita sezvo anowedzera.

3. Kuburikidza manyowa kuti potassium permanganate.

Preparation reokisijeni ari indasitiri achiitiswa nzira:

1. Nokuti zvinangwa unyanzvi okisijeni inotengwa kubva mhepo umo zvarakanga zviri vanenge 20%, i.e., wechishanu. Nokuda kwaizvozvi mhepo iri kutanga combusted, ichibereka musanganiswa ine mvura zviri vanenge 54% okisijeni, mura senitrogen - 44%, uye mvura argon - 2%. Zvadaro, magasi aya vanoparadzaniswa Via DISTILLATION kwacho achishandisa spacing zviduku pakati kubika pfungwa emura okisijeni uye mvura senitrogen - kubvisa 183 uye kubvisa 198,5 madhigirii, ukuwo. Zvakaratidza kuti senitrogen runopwa kwokutanga pane oxygen.

Modern midziyo zvinopa okisijeni upi kutsvinda. Nitrogen, izvo yaunganidzwa kugovera mvura mhepo rinoshandiswa senzira mbishi zvinhu ari kwetunhu nomukaka ayo.

2. Electrolysis mvura rinopawo rakaisvonatswa yakachena papi. Nzira iyi vakava kwakapararira munyika zhinji kupfuma uye kokupata magetsi.

Kushandiswa okisijeni

Okisijeni Nde che kukosha muupenyu hwedu nyika. gasi ichi, icho huri mumhepo wapera pakuitika chirimwa afemeruke, mhuka uye vanhu.

Kuwana okisijeni kunokosha kwazvo dzakadaro mabasa evanhu akadai mushonga, nomoto uye simbi nokuveza, nenyunje, ndege (nokuti kufema vanhu uye michini), uye simbi.

Mukuita basa kwevanhu yakachena wapera akawanda - semuenzaniso, kubudikidza kunopisa rinochiwedzera: negasi, methane, marasha, huni. In azvaiitwa zvose yakabereka kabhoni oxide. Kana zvisikwa ichi akatipa dzinongoitika basa nokusungwa mukomboni Via photosynthesis, zvinotora nzvimbo mitema pasi zvinoitwa chezuva. Somugumisiro iyi, shuga aumbwa, iyo zvino Unopisa chirimwa kuvaka munyama yavo.