Mhando ngano: ari umhare, iconic. zvisikwa ngano

Mythology - anonakidza culturological chaiyo. Kukosha ngano munezvimwe mutsika zvakaoma kuona, nekuti kwavo maererano paiva mabasa ounyanzvi, mabhuku, uzivi yakavakirwa. Yokusiyana Fani iyi iri yokuti wakapfuurira zvemakore, mumabhatiri ndangariro nezvizvarwa. Funga tsanangudzo ngano, isu anotsanangura maonero avo zvakadzama, uyewo kuva pachena, pane ngano zvakasiyana rengano uye ngano.

Nhema: Pakusarudza ehupfumi, chitarisiko

Madzibaba edu akaedza kutsanangura siyana zvakasikwa, nzvimbo yavo munyika, kuti chidzoke wezvose uye pazvinobvira kuguma. Pashure pezvose, havana zivo yesayenzi, havana kuziva wefizikisi, zvenyeredzi uye anthropology. Uye rakanga yabereka ngano. Zvishoma nezvishoma, pamwe pave nesayenzi uye kufarira ngano simba, asi ivo vakanga vakapfuura vachibva nomuromo, uye nokudaro kusvika chipo. Fani iyi - a rondedzero chaiyo ruzivo kwevanhu uye nokunzwisisa.

Kukanganisa kutenda kuti ngano-rokuita - the anozviita yekare vanhu. Izvi handizvo uye chipo, tinosangana chiitiko ichi. In upenyu hwevanhu, pachine chinhu shamisa, zvakazonaka. Izvi rinotsanangura ngano ano.

In mubvunzo pane ingano zvakasiyana kubva rungano, kutungamirira mashandiro anoita izvi zvakavapo. Ngano chakagadzirirwa kudzidzisa, dzidzisa, zvichida kunyange kuvaraidza. It ndeimwewo ngano izvo rinoongorora nezvaJesu kutsanangura musimboti zvinhu. The dzepedyo chinhu pauri, vaongorori akaisa rengano, apo zvinhu zvakasikwa kubatsira magamba.

More polar Pfungwa - rengano. Wokupedzisira - kupangidza imwe chiitiko, iro nguva dzose vachinzwisisa sezvo aivapo chaizvoizvo. Rengano, uye rengano akasika vanhu.

cosmogonic ngano

The anogutsikana nyaya siyana zvakadai, nokuti kukanganisa zvose zvoupenyu hwevanhu. Naizvozvo kusiyanisa pemarudzi chikuru ngano, zvichienderana zvavanotaura. Uyezve, pane avo vakasikwa asati chero zivo munzanga pre-kirasi, uye pane avo izvo zvinoratidzwa mutsika yebudiriro.

Cosmogonical - ngano upi hurongwa rokutanga. Panoti pano sei zvikaitika. Kazhinji, zvakasikwa kunotangira mhirizhonga (Greece yekare), kusabatana, kushaya kuti (Ijipiti yekare), simba remoto mvura (Air mungano), kana nyika uye kudenga yose zai (mungano of India yekare).

cosmogonic ngano dzose dzenyika mugove mumwe nyaya: kusika nyika kuti gadziriro kumativi imwe akabatana. Zvinogona kuva matanda - nedota kwenyika, sezvo Scandinavians vekare, kana chiedza kuti chitonge usiku, uye zuva iri tsika yechiJudha. Uyewo, kuti "murayiro kubva nyonganyonga" anogona kuumba muchato. Saka, muna yekare mungano yechiGiriki - ndiye Uranus uye GAIA, uye muna rePolynesia - Papa uye Rangi. Zvinokosha kucherechedza kuti zvakasimbisa izvi zvose chiito anopa aitungamirira mwari: Vishnu, Mwari.

Uyezve, marudzi aya ngano rinorondedzera pakusikwa wokutanga vanhu uye kure remabasa Mwari mukuru kune kuchinjwa nezvekodzero varidzi kwezvisikwa maoko zvisikwa.

anthropogonic ngano

Pedyo pamusoro pasi cosmological ngano abut antropogogicheskie. Mamwe masayendisiti haana govera navo ari oga boka, uye anonzi chinokosha ngano nezvekwakabva zvinhu zvose. Vanotiudza pamusoro pemavambo murume kana vaviri. The chidzoke wokutanga vanhu kuti vave vakasiyana. Generalizing nhema kwenyika, tinosvika mhedziso kuti pane munhu nenzira dzinotevera:

1. Kubva totem mhuka - akadzidzisa ichi mungano kupfuura kare, somuenzaniso, Australian.
2. Yematanda neyevhu (nenhamba iri Odin mungano rokutanga, wechipiri - pavaEgipita, Akkadians, Ob Ugrians).
3. Nokutamira apasi nyika pasi (sevaSumer, vanhu dzakakomberedza dzemusub -Saharan Africa).
4. The kumutsidzirwa vanhu, achivapa mweya (ndiro kazhinji anozviita kuti Mungano, apo pane maviri akarwisana vanamwari mumwe "zvakaipa" akaita asingakwanisi kusika munhu chaiye, uye chete aitungamirira mwari anopa mweya uye upenyu). Somuenzaniso, zvinokwanisika kuti vauye mungano yechiKristu uye Ob-Ugric.

Astral, rezuva uye making ngano

By cosmological zvakafanana siyana zvenhema kuudza nezvekwakabva nyeredzi nemapuraneti - astral. Kwavari ndiko kunobva nyeredzi, izvo kuchiripo nhasi. Kubva nemaonero rekare renyeredzi - iri kushandurwa mhuka, zvinomera uye kunyange vanhu (somuenzaniso, muvhimi). Interesting kududzirwa hweGwara Way mu Mungano siyana. Kakawanda iri kubatana pakati nyika. VaGiriki vekare chaivabatsira nomukaka Hera, vaBhabhironi vakanga tambo ake vachibatirira Earth zvose.

Madzibaba edu kure akanga yaingowanikwa kuziva zvimwe vanamwari kana mhuka pamwe nyeredzi, vakatarisa kufamba kwavo mhiri denga usiku, kuziva mapatani. Saka ivo azviise Mungano China, kuMiddle East. Ndizvo zvinotendwa izvi ndakapa pave kukura nyeredzi.

A nzvimbo inokosha inogarwa iri ngano dzekare pamusoro zuva. Vane dzinenge dzose Mungano. Vamwe - magamba, zvimwe vakavharirwa mudenga, dzimwe nguva - pokusazvibata (dzekuma Scandinavia), nevamwe - vaviri vakaroorana kana vanun'una apo mumwe (mwedzi), omurume rimwe (zuva). Somuenzaniso, zviri kwese kuti Korean mungano.

Marudzi mazhinji kuzvibatanidza nevatongi vavo nevana zuva. Kwakadaro vaiva ngano dzavanhu yeEgipita, Japan, South America (Inca dzinza).

etiological ngano

Nhema kuti kutsanangura kwaita zvinomera, mhuka, mamiriro okunze, nzvimbo zvinhu inonzi etiological. Uyu ngano chaizvo kubvira kare chaiko kune chinyakare muvanhu. Chokwadi, pfuma kuvhura zvinokonzera zvinhu rinobatanidza rengano zvitendero zvavo, zvisinei, zviri nechinangwa etiological kutiudza nezvemavambo zvose dzinoitwa murume.

Pakutanga chaizvo mudariro ndivo ngano tiri kuti ikozvino sezvo rungano vanhu Australia, New Guinea, uye Andaman Islands. Somuenzaniso, ivo tsanangura zuva upofu zviremwaremwa, hapana muswe ari bere marsupial.

A notch midaviro kuti anotsanangura chitarisiko nemhuka zvavo. Ndivo ngano pamusoro kwakabva Dolphins kubva pfini vezvikepe, uye romuruki dandemutande Arachne, akarangwa Aphrodite.

The zvemberi etiological dzidziso kuudza nezvemavambo kwenyeredzi; zuva, mwedzi, denga. ngano dzakadaro vanowanikwa ose chitendero. Somuenzaniso, muna New Zealand uye neIjipiti, denga nokuda chidzoke ane simba rakakwirira, 'kuputsa kure "denga kubva pasi. Uyewo vanhu ngano, zvachose zvose, kutsanangura diurnal uye wepagore inofamba zuva mhiri denga.

Subcategory etiological ngano zvechitendero: vanotaura nezvazvo sei paiva kana kuti tsika, nei zvakakodzera kuita saka kwete zvimwe uye.

umhare ngano

Mhare ngano nyaya iyi - chokurondedzera centre. Rinozivisa pamusoro poupenyu chero mabasa, kuita shure-nokuputsa basa. Nemamiriro iri anenge chete:

• Kunoshamisa kwomwana gamba.
• Zvakapembererwa uye miedzo zvavakatemerwa nababa kana zvimwe yepedyo, sezvo initiator aigona kuva ramangwana mukarahwa mukuru worudzi uye kunyange mwari. Kazhinji, Panguva iyi gamba - somupoteri: waputsa munzanga kunorambidzwa, akaita mhosva.
• Kuonana mudzimai wake weramangwana uye kuroorana.
• Akaramba zvakapembererwa.
• Rufu Hero.

Kana isu kutaura pamusoro mungano vaGiriki vekare, pano magamba ngano - Vana mwari uye mukadzi vanofa. Zviri zvinotendwa ndivo hwaro rengano uye mamwe mabasa paakaita.

Totemic ngano uye zvechitendero

Zvikuru zvakafanana dingindira zvinotevera ngano: totemic uye zvechitendero. A klassiske Muenzaniso wokutanga - mwari muIjipiti yekare, mumwe nomumwe wavo aiva zoomorphic zvinhu: garwe, katsi, jackal uye nevamwe. ngano idzi dzinoratidza vamwe ukama mapoka, vanhu vakaderera vanhu uye totems, inova mhuka ipi kana zvirimwa.

Kuwedzera vanamwari veIjipiti anogona kumbotipa muenzaniso mungano marudzi Australian apo matombo anoera, mhuka, zvinomera - iri aberekwazve vaimbogara madzitateguru zoomorphic. zvinotendwa Similar vaiva pakati Papuans uye Bushmen.

Kazhinji, totemic ngano nevakawanda dingindira kuroorana zoomorphic zvisikwa, uye paavhareji munhu. Kazhinji, rinotsanangura kwakabva marudzi. Zviri pakati Kirghiz, Orochi, vokuKorea. Nokudaro zvifananidzo rengano Frog Princess kana Clear Finist Nezvorukodzi.

ngano Religious, zvichida kupfuura zvisinganzwisisiki. kugutsikana vavo vanozivikanwa shoma, zvikurukuru vachengeti vanonamata. Ivo itsvene chaizvo uye kunotiudzei nezvekwakabva mamwe chiito. A muenzaniso chaiwo - Bacchanalia, yakarongwa rukudzo rechiGiriki mwari Dionysus. Mumwe muenzaniso - kubva Ancient Egypt. Ngano pamusoro vanamwari Osiris uye Isis vaiva hwaro dzeboka chiito apo Isis akatsvaka muviri wake anoda vake, achibva amuka kubva kuvakafa.

ngano chemagumo

Zvinonzwisisika zvikuru yakakwana chemagumo dzidziso ngano ndichizivisa pakuguma kwenyika. Kupira uku ngano antonymous cosmological. Chete rugare harisi zvaakasikwa uye kuparadzwa. Kazhinji, kuti riwedzere ndiye impoverishment wetsika nheyo vanhu. Dzinoratidzwa zvinotendwa zvakadaro zvikuru dzakabudirira mungano. Somuenzaniso, Norsemen, vaHindu, vaKristu.

Themes zvitendero chemagumo inogona kupatsanurwa muzvikwata akawanda:

1. It akatsanangura nokukuvadzwa pose, raiparadzanisa nyika ngano ino nguva. Ndivo Kết uye wechiSami.
2. Kurasikirwa "yendarama zera" kwevanhu, ayo kusakwana. Somuenzaniso, Iranian mungano, iyo inorondedzera matatu nzvimbo yaitonga, mumwe nomumwe nokuda kwetsika unhu kupfuura yapfuura. Izvi zvinogona kusanganisira Ragnarok pamusoro Odin mungano - waifarirwa moto, ndiko kuti dzifambirane panyika.
3. Chimwe chidzidzo - cyclical hunhu kwenzanga apo pamugumo mumwe nguva nenjodzi, sezvo paachabvisa pasi. Zviri Somuenzaniso, makore suns mana Aztec mungano. migumo First kuzorwa jaguars, wechipiri - madutu, wechitatu - moto, uye wechina - kwemafashame.
4. UMesiasi. Zviri kukanganisa kutenda kuti ndiro anozviita dzidziso dzechiKristu. Ngano pamusoro vanamwari uye vanamesiya vane ChiHindu (Kalki), uye Islam (the Mahdi) uye chiBhudha (Buddha Maitreya).

karenda ngano

Calendar nemhando ngano vari chokuita zvikuru cosmogony uye chitendero. Vanhu akanga yaingowanikwa kutsanangura kuchinja mwaka, masikati nousiku, kufa zviriko kwematsutso nechando uye chitubu nerumutsiriro. pfungwa idzi uye akaratidza karenda ngano. Vari kwakavakirwa zvaanorumbidza pakati muchadenga mananara, mitambo pachiitiko hwomukova kuva itsva karenda gore, kuunganidza chakasimwa chirimwa. Funga izvi nemaonero vanonakidza zvikuru vanotongwa mungano.

Kana isu kutaura nezvokuchinja mwedzi yegore, pane simba kuwirirana pamwe astral ngano. Akatsanangura rakatumbuka Mwedzi Pakuurayiwa kwezviratidzo zvenyeredzi. Kunyanya kubudirira ichi Mesopotamian mungano.

Zvinotendwa vaIjipiti vekare akanga basa panguva kusuduruka ake uye kufamba kwenyeredzi dziri nyeredzi uye zvomuchadenga namwari Thoth. Yakanga nekuvongwa iye gore yakakamurwa mazuva 365. Okupedzisira 5 kunge dzinounzwa kuzvarwa mwari Osiris, Seti, Isis nevamwe. Vakanga vakazvipira wemazuva shanu kupemberera pakupera pakarenda gore. Kana isu kutaura pamusoro kuchinja masikati nousiku - vaIjipiti akatsanangura achiti: mwari Ra pasi muchikepe kugehena kana kundorwa Seth uye Gore.

MuRoma yekare, nokuti karenda mwedzi mumwe nomumwe akanga anonzi imwe huMwari: April - Aphrodite, June - Juno, March - Mars. Kutanga pamwedzi vakatsunga mupristi kwomwedzi. The yakabatana Roman mungano yechiGiriki aiva mwari - pemakomo anokonzera kuchinja mwaka.

Mwari Marduk kubva mungano pakati sevaSumer Akkadians akakonzera pakarenda. New Year Evha kuti vanhu ava akatanga muchirimo rinenge riine.

The kuchinja mwaka mune dzimwe Mungano chokuita noupenyu uye rufu mwari. Zvakakwana kuyeuka rekare rechiGiriki nyaya Demeter uye Persephone. The yokupedzisira yakanga chakabiwa mu Sheori yake Hadhesi. Demeter, mwarikadzi wembereko kuitwa saka kurashikirwa mwanasikana wake kuti akudzivisa nyika mbereko. Kunyange Zeus akarayira Hadhesi kudzoka Persephone, iye akamanikidzwa kamwe pagore adzoke muguva. With ichi uye vaGiriki chokuita mwaka. Similar nyaya ngano magamba Osiris Yarile, Adonis, Balder.

ano mungano

Zviri kukanganisa kutenda kuti ngano-kugadzira kuti chete kubata yekare budiriro. Fani iyi ndiyo runozivisa modernity. Kusiyana mungano ano ndechokuti kunobva pazivo yakakura yesayenzi. Kuva akavaka materesikopu simba uye achiona pemvura Mars, vanhu vakatanga kusika ngano dzidziso ingangovapo nezvokuvapo upenyu ipapo, sezvo pano anogona kunzi siyana kutsanangurirwa "makomba dema". Tinogona kutaura kuti yose ano renyaya - iri mhando ngano, nokuti apo vachiedza kutsanangura isinganzwisisiki chaiyo.

Uyewo, kuri kuti umhare ngano dzinogona kunzi magamba mafirimu akadaro uye enyaya, Spider-Man, Batman, Teenage Mutant Ninja nenjiva. Zvechokwadi, mumwe nomumwe wavo ane nhoroondo yayo, kukundikana noruzhinji (kuutapwa); yavanobata naka zvakapembererwa kubatsira vanhu.

Chinhu zviripo kuzotaura ano dzomumaguta mungano. zvisikwa Fantastic, michero yayo akazviratidza mupfungwa vanhu kare muna XX-XXI emakore. Pamwe remasangano, akadai gremlins vapora dzomumaguta ngano. Kazhinji, vari kwakavakirwa enhoroondo zvinoitika imwe guta nevagari varo. Somuenzaniso, nhoroondo Kaliningrad pevhu uye pfuma yakavanzwa ikoko kuenda vaNazi panguva kubatwa kweguta hondo eSoviet.