Gudziramukanwa chii uye litotes: mienzaniso iri mabhuku

mutauro Russian nhasi pakati gumi akanaka, uye nyanzvi dzemitauro zvinofungidzirwa kuti pane mashoko anenge hafu yemiriyoni, kwete kusanganisira professionalism uye tumitauro. Vanyori huru Russian vakabatsira kuti kukura wokuRussia mutauro chaiko, saka mutauro wakanga kukasawedzerwa zvinoyevedza uye anotaurisa nzira, iyo inoshandiswa kunyora pakutaura nhasi.

Kukura Russian mabhuku mutauro uye vokutanga vakaita mudungwe munzira

mutauro chaiko Russian akatanga kuumba ari XI remakore, panguva nokuvapo mamiriro Kievan Rus. Ipapo nhoroondo yokutanga uye ounyanzvi mabhuku Old Russian zvakasikwa. A zviuru apfuura, Vanyori vaishandisa mifananidzo uye kuratidza nzira mutauro (mudungwe munzira): muenzaniso, epithet kwokufananidzira, gudziramukanwa uye litotes. Mienzaniso mashoko aya akajairika uye vachiri mabhuku uye mumutauro nezuva.

Pfungwa ye "gudziramukanwa" uye "litotes"

Kunzwa nguva yokutanga rokuti "gudziramukanwa", nyanzvi kurondedzera nhoroondo vamwe nyika kwake kunozivikanwa Hyperborea, uye masvomhu kuyeuka mutsetse rine pamatavi maviri, unonzi - gudziramukanwa. Asi rinoreva mabhuku? Hyperbola - a manyorero nhamba rinoshandiswa kusimbisa expressiveness pakati zvinotaura uye chiziva mhamhidzirwa. Hazvina kuoma zvokufungidzira kuti ichi izwi kune rokupikisa, nekuti kana mutauro ane nzira kupamhidzira, vanofanira hazvo kuva manyorero mufananidzo inotarisira kuti musiyapaduku. Avo mifananidzo uye kuratidza nzira iri litotes. Mienzaniso inotevera inoratidza pachena kuti vakadaro litotes uye kazhinji sei rinoshandiswa pakutaura.

Millennial nhoroondo gudziramukanwa

Gudziramukanwa kwakajairika chaizvo mumabhuku ekare, somuenzaniso mu "Lay": "Tom muna Polotske pozvonisha matins, vafumira mutsvene Sofei bhero, uye iye Kyeve achirira dzinonzwa." Ongorora pfungwa, unogona kunzwisisa zvinoreva: nenzwi bhero, prozvenevshego muna Polotsk, vakasvika Kiev! Chokwadi, chokwadi ndechokuti izvi hazvigoni kuva, zvimwe vagari vemisha pedyo vakafirwa vaunzwe. Izwi iri Latin mavambo: gudziramukanwa rinoreva "Kuwedzeredza." Gudziramukanwa akashandisa anenge ose vadetembi nevanyori, asi kunyanya ayo kushandiswa kakawanda mumabasa ake vakamira panze Nikolay Gogol, Vladimir Mayakovsky, Mikhail Saltykov-Shchedrin. Saka, muna Gogol kuti mutambo "The Hurumende Inspector" riri patafura yaiva "visi zana rubles," - mumwe kupamhidzira, nekuti zvakadaro haana kudhura visi, kana zviri Zvechokwadi, kwete goridhe. Mayakovsky wake "unoshamisa uchinzvera" ranyura vakapisa "mune rimwe zana namakumi mana suns" ndiko kusimba rakajeka.

Litotes Mumabhuku

Ndiwane gudziramukanwa kunzwisisa chii litotes, hazvina kuoma. By ichi izwi iri kakawanda kugadziriswa Gogol. Munyaya "Nevsky Tariro," akarondedzera muromo mumwe munhu chiduku kuti usarasikirwe zvidimbu anopfuura maviri. Nikolai Nekrasov ari akakurumbira nhetembo "murimi mudiki Children" hunhu - zvishoma murume ane nzwara, asi haina kutaura pamusoro kukwirira yake masendimita: litotes munyori vangada kusimbisa kuti munhu wekare pasi anotakura unorema chiputu huni. Unopisira litotes anogona kuwanika mamwe vanyori. Panzira, paiva izwi rechiGiriki rokuti litotes, rinoreva "nyore, kuzvidzora."

Litotes uye gudziramukanwa pakutaura kwezuva nezuva

Man, asingazivi, anoshandisa gudziramukanwa uye litotes muupenyu hwezuva nezuva kakawanda. Kana uchiri kukwanisa zvokufungidzira zvinoreva gudziramukanwa nokuda ose anozivikanwa cognate rechiito "kuti vanowedzeredza" chii litotes - vazhinji ichingori chakavanzika. Yaparadzwa, mupfumi uchati, "Ndine mari - zvakakwana nokupika," uye achiona zvishoma musikana duku achifamba mumugwagwa, unogona kunzwisisa chii, "Thumbelina", uye kana chiri chiduku mbudzana - "mukomana-ne-minwe". Ndiwo mienzaniso kupfuura kakawanda kuti litotes. Gudziramukanwa, mumwe nomumwe wedu unopedza kazhinji, somuenzaniso, akasangana netsaona neshamwari, wokutanga yakatofanana ari "makore ane zana vasina kuona," uye amai vake, ndaneta kuita zvakafanana muromo tsukuduka-mwanakomana inoti, "Ndakakuudzai kane chiuru!" . Saka, tinogona kamwe zvakare tagutsikana kuti havasi vose vanoziva kuti gudziramukanwa uye litotes dzakadaro, asi anoshandisa nzira idzi, kunyange mwana vatatu.

The nemagariro kukosha tropes

Basa mutauro wokuRussia riri manyorero nhamba chikuru; batanidza mupfungwa, kuvandudza zvifananidzo uye kuita zvakawanda kuratidza. Pasina kwavari, mabasa Pushkin uye Lermontov angadai yakarasikirwa kubwinya kwayo, uye zvino iwe uchagona zvikuru nechivimbo kushandisa yakanaka majana chomutsara, sezvamunoziva, Somuenzaniso, kuti litotes yakadaro.

Mumabhuku, hazvibviri kuita pasina unyanzvi izvi, izvo kuti mutauro wokuRussia ndechimwe anotaurisa zvikuru, kunzwisisa uye akapfuma. Saka vatarisire mutauro Russian - ichi pfuma, pfuma iyi ikazopiwa isu Turgenev nevamwe dzedu hunoshamisa vomunyika.