Cervical vertebra: anatomy, chimiro. Cervical spine

Iyo musana wechipfuva chemunhu skeleton uye imwe yenheyo dzayo dzinokosha zvikuru. Ndiye uyo anodzivirira rwonzi rwomukona uye anotsigira muviri uri panzvimbo yakarurama. Mukuwedzera, musana wechipfuva unodzivirira huropi hunozununguswa munguva yevanhu. Izvi zvinokonzerwa nekukwirira kwayo kwepamusoro. Inogona kutsanangurwa nechinhu chakakosha chepamusoro - chinosanganisira 24 vertebrae. Izvo zvikabatanidzwa mumatare mana, zvakabatanidzwa nevakawanda zvinhu. Pakati pavo, buri vertebra yemudzimai yakasiyana mune zvayo . Izvozvo zvinodzidza kuchikoro hazvipi mufananidzo wakazara weizvi. Nokudaro, kukanganisa kumucheto womukati kunowanikwa . Uye izvi zvine ngozi, nokuti munzvimbo ino hazvina kusimba. Uye munhu wose anofanira kuziva chii chinoshandiswa nemumwe mushonga wekervical vertebra.

Anatomy yecervical

Iyo musana unoita mabasa anokosha zvikuru kudzivirira musara wecinara. Inopa kusagadzikana kune skeleton uye inoderedza majeko paanofamba. Mukuwedzera, musana wechipfuva unokubvumira kuita mhando dzakasiyana-siyana. Mushure mezvose, ihwo hwaro hwemapfupa evanhu, inotsigira muviri uri panzvimbo yakarurama uye inokuvadza kushamiswa. Dhipatimendi rimwe nerimwe rine nhamba chaiyo uye sangano re vertebrae. Vakawanda vavo vari munharaunda, uye imomo ndiyo yakakura. Vertebrae mumucheto wezasi uye sacrum vari pedyo zvikuru, uye zvishoma nezvishoma zvinonamatirana kune imwe. Vakanyanya kunetseka uye vasina simba ndevenguva dzemumwoyo. Inoumbwa nevanomwe vertebrae, inenge imwe neimwe iyo inoratidzirwa nechinhu chakakosha. Panguva ino, ruvara rwepelinha runowira mberi nenzira yeshoko "c". Mucheche musana wechipfuva ndiyo inonyanya kushandiswa uye inokubvumira kuita mhando dzakasiyana dzemusoro. Asi nekuda kwemitsipa isina simba yemutsipa nediki duku yemiti, nzvimbo ino inowanzokuvadzwa nekukuvara.

Zviratidzo zvepervical vertebrae

Mukati mepona musana wecinara. Kudzivirirwa kwaro kunopiwa nehutano hwakakosha we vertebrae:

- Chikamu chepamberi chinonzi vertebral body uye ine chinyorwa chechimiro;

- Kurutivi rwake munharaunda yemutsipa wepelinha isingakwanisiki neAcc vertebra;

- Mukuwedzera, ane tsvina yepamusoro, yakazara nemakomba emidziyo yeropa.

Asi kwete saizvozvo vertebra yemukango inorongwa. Utachiona hwevanhu hunoita kuti zvikwanise kunzwisisa kuti nei munhu achifanira kungwarira uye nokuda kwechikonzero chipi chinowanzokuvadza kuitika munharaunda yemudumbu. Mavara emunharaunda ino madiki uye akaoma. Zvinenge zvose zvinopesana mukukura uye maitiro. Chekutanga vertebra inonzi "inlant", iyo inobata musana nechehenya. Mukuwedzera, muchikamu chezasi chinobatanidzwa nenzira yakaoma kune vertibra yechipiri, inonzi "axis". Yechitanhatu neyechinomwe chechibereki vertebrae zvakare isingaiti mukugadzirwa. Izvi zvinogona kutsanangurwa nemabasa avanofanira kuita. Chimiro chakakosha chepervical vertebrae chinodiwa kuitira kuchengetedza rwonzi rwomupfupa, kupa chikafu chakakosha kuuropi uye kukwanisa kuita mhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzepamusoro.

1 uye 2 cervical vertebra

Iyo yakasvibiswa vertebra inonzi "inlant". Iko inonzi axial uye haina muviri uye nzira yepineti. Munzvimbo ino mutsara unobatana nechipa chepipital, uye rwonzi rwepelinha nemusoro. Izvi zvinogadzira chimiro chakakosha che "atlant": inoumbwa nemasvingo maviri ari kumigero yepinini. Iyo imwe yepasi inoumba duku duku pamberi, uye mumashure - hovha, iyo inowirirana neino dzino-shanduro ye vertebra yechipiri. Panzvimbo yepamusoro yeArc kune groove umo inonzi artebral artery iripo . Pamusoro, chikamu che "Atlanta" chinonzi convex, uye kubva pasi chacho chakazara. Ichokwadi kuti iye ane nzvimbo yepakati pakati pemukona uye musoro, anotsanangura kuti nei chigadziro chakadaro chakaine vertebra yechibereki chekutanga. Anatomy inofungawo nezvezvinhu zvechipiri vertebra, inonzi "axis". Ane "dino" rakananga, pane iyo, sepamusoro pehinge, "kutengesa" nemusoro kunotendeuka. Iyi sarudzo yechipiri chechibereki vertebra inopa kukwanisa kuita kuchinja kwemusoro wekutenderera. Pakati pe "Alant" uye "Axis" hapana intervertebral disc, vanoita sangano rakaoma rakafanana. Nokudaro, kazhinji munzvimbo ino, pane kukuvadzwa kunovhiringidza kudya kweuropi.

6 uye 7 cervical vertebrae

Mushure mekunge dhipatimendi iri rinowedzera zvishoma. Chikuru pane apa ndechechinomwe chechibereki vertebra. Anototonga, uye vanhu vazhinji vanogona kumutsvoda nemusoro wake wakanamatira mberi. Nokudaro, anonziwo mukurukuri. Iyo iri pane iyo inowanzotungamirirwa mukuverengwa kwe vertebrae. Muchikamu chezasi, ine dambudziko. Iyi ndiyo nzvimbo yekubatana nebvu rekutanga. 7 cervical vertebra ine imwezve yeruzivo - masango mumitambo inopera yakawanda kwazvo, kana kwete zvachose. Inenge ichitenderera kwenguva yakareba uye imwe huru yakasvibiswa, iyo, kusiyana nedzimwe, haina kubvongodzwa. Kupfuura iyi vertebra inopfuura mutsara wepakati, uye ndiyo chete iyo ine mapaviri maviri emidzi yemidzi. Kazhinji munzvimbo ino munyu inosungirwa uye "kuoma" kunobudirira kunoumbwa. 6 cervical vertebra inonziwo "kurara." Iri zita rakagamuchirwa nekuda kwekuti chimiro chake chekare chinowanikwa pedyo neyarotidi yerari, uye kana zvichidikanwa, chiremba anoidzivirira kuti irege kubuda ropa.

Mamwe mavara: chimiro

Nokuda kwekushanda kwemuviri wemunhu, muromo wekervical inofanira kuva yakanyanyisa. Izvi zvinopiwa nehutano hwakakosha. Chirwere chepervical vertibrae chemunhu kubva kune chechitatu kusvika kunechitanhatu chikanyanya zvikuru. Makomba mumitumbi yavo yakakura zvikuru, yakafanana muhumiro kumakatatu. Iko kumativi ekumusoro kwe vertebrae inofambisa zvishoma, kuumba mativi. Izvo zvinyorwa zvinopfupika uye zvinowanikwa zvishoma pane imwe nzvimbo. 3, 4 uye 5 yemudzimai wekervical vertebra vane zvishoma zvishoma uye zvinoparadzaniswa pamiganhu ye spinosa. Muchiito chekutengesa kune zvibhakera zvemitsipa yeropa. Izvo kuburikidza navo izvo hutachiona hutsika hunopfuura, hunofudza uropi.

Sei tichida hurongwa hwakadaro?

Muviri womunhu unorongedzwa nouchenjeri, hapana chinhu chinoshamisa mukati maro, uye zvose zvese zvinoita mamwe mabasa. Izvi zvinonyanya kushanda kumucheto womukati. Chimiro chakakosha cheritibrae chake chinodiwa kuti zvive nekufambira mberi kwakanaka mumutsipa, pamwe nekuchengetedza uropi nemutsipa wepelinha. Kazhinji utano hwemunhu hunoenderana nemamiriro ezvinhu epanguva iyi yemutsara wepelinha. Kugadzikana kwakaoma kwakadaro kwe vertebrae yakagadzirirwa kuchengetedza rwonzi rwepelinha nemidziyo yeropa kubva mukukuvara. Uye chimiro chechibereki vertebrae nemitemo yakawanda inobvumira kuwedzera nzvimbo yekubatanidza kwavari yemasumbu akawanda. Mushure mezvose, mune dhipatimendi mushure mutsva wemunhu ndiyo inonyanya kushandiswa. Kushandurwa kwakakosha pakati pemiti yakasvibiswa, kunyange zvisingatendeseki, asi zvinoshanda.

Zvirwere zvinokonzerwa neCervical spine

Zvinogona kuitika semugumisiro wekurohwa mumutsipa, kuputika kukuru kune musoro kana kuwa. Kunyangwe kutenderera kwakapinza kana kutendeuka kwemusoro kunogona kukonzera kukuvadza kune vertabhee yomudzimai. Kazhinji izvi zvinoitika kana uchinge uchifamba mumvura munzvimbo isina kudzika. Muzviitiko zvizhinji, matambudziko akadaro anoguma murufu. Kunyange kana kuputsika kana kuparadzaniswa kuchibudirira kubudirira, zvinetso zvakakomba zvinogona kukura. Nemhaka yokuti vertebrae uye intervertebral inodonha munzvimbo ino yakaoma kwazvo iyo inopindura kune chero humwe hurumende dzinoerekana dzaitika kana kurohwa kumusoro. Dzimwe nguva zvinowanzoitika kuti migumisiro yekushungurudza haifaniri kuratidzika pakarepo, sezvo zviduku zvishoma pamusoro pezviitiko zve vertebrae hazvisi kuonekwa kunyange pa-X-rays. Uye migumisiro yavo inogona kunge yakaoma. Ndezvipi kukuvara mumutsipa wekervical kazhinji:

- rupture yemagetsi;

- ruptures ye intervertebral discs;

- kushungurudza uye kushandiswa kwemagetsi;

- kushanduka kwemagetsi;

- fractures.

Nei kukanganisa kwakadaro kune ngozi?

Kunyange kuchinja kuduku muhutano hwemagetsi kunosanganisira zvirwere zvakasiyana siyana uye zvirwere. Semuenzaniso, apo mutsara kana hutachiona hwe intervertebral discs dzingaita zviratidzo zvakadaro:

- misoro;

- chizoro;

- kushaya simba;

- kukanganisa kwekutaura, kutaura kana kuona.

Izvi zvinokonzerwa nekudzvinyirira kwettertalal arteri uye nemidziyo yeropa inopa huropi. Kana zvikukuvadza zvakakomba, pane ngozi yokuti vertebrae yakakonzerwa ichagunzva chirwere chemusana. Izvi zvinogona kukonzera kuora mitezo, kuvhiringidzwa kwemoyo, kana kufa. Njodzi inokuvadza kumusana wechipfuva munharaunda yemudzinza inokonzerwawo nokuti haisi nguva dzose nguva inogoneka yekuona kuoma kwekukuvara. Dzimwe nguva kurwadziwa chete panguva yekufambisa kana kupfugama kunopupurira.

Nzira yekurapa hutachiona hwemuviri wechibereki

Nekukuvara kwepamuviri, zvakakosha kutanga kutanga kurapwa pakarepo kuti urege kunetseka. Chinhu chinonyanya kukosha ndechokugadzirisa mutsipa pane zvakagadziriswa. Izvi zvinofanira kuitwa kuitira kuti vertebrae yakakonzerwa irege kukuvadza musipinha kana mitsipa yeropa. Izvi zvinoitwa nekodset yakashata yakasimba. Kana pasina hutano hwepfungwa, kurapa kunogona kuitwa pamba, asi mushure mekuongorora kwechiremba. Panyaya yekukuvara kwechiedza, zvakakosha kugadzirisa basa rekushandisa uye kugadzirisa mutsipa mune imwe nzvimbo yakagadzikana nekubatsirwa kwekodhira yakaoma. Iwe unogona kushandisa mumazuva ekutanga echando kubvongodza kana novocaine blockade nekutambudzika kwakanyanya. Zvadaro tinoratidzira physiotherapy nzira, kuisa muviri, uye munguva yekudzorera - kurapa maitiro ekurapa.