Caryatid - chinhu mapurani maatomu akafanana, zviri nevakawanda chero maitiro

Caryatid - ndiro zita mapurani mbiru, iyo akatora chimiro hadzi nhamba. Muenzaniso wakakurumbira zvikuru dzinogona kuwanikwa kurutivi rwezasi paberere mutemberi Erechtheion pamusoro ari Acropolis muAthens.

ngano dzekare

Munyaya wetsika dzechiGiriki "caryatid" - pomusikana Caria, nomukurumbira Peloponnese temberi. Brown wakatsaurirwa kuna mwarikadzi Atemisi. Sezvo Caryatids, iye vakafara, kutamba pakati walnuts pemiti muguta Caria. Panguva iyoyo, Mhandara muimba nekuchinja vachitamba vakatakura misoro yavo mumatengu dzichangobva akavezwa petsanga. Ivo wairatidza zvinomera vatambe.

Roman mapurani Vitruvius kutarisirwa caryatid - muranda. Vitruvius akaona sei vari kushandiswa sezvo mbiru muna Ionic mapurani. Asi caryatid - nayo kumhuka chomupepanhau Persian. The vaPezhiya, vakashandiswa kutsigira zvivako mhuka.

Erechtheion

The matanhatu caryatids dzakakurumbira kutsigira padenga rwezasi paberere Erechtheion dzenhema pamusoro vaAtene Acropolis. Chivako ichi rakavakwa Pericles anofungidzirwa pakati makore 421-406 BC. e. pekugara yekare yemapuranga rechitendero chivezwa Athens. Naiyewo akashanda somuzinda wokunamata Erechtheus (ngano mambo Athens) nehama dzake, kusanganisira Poseidon. Izvi caryatids nguvo nyoro mhando uye tsvimbo kuti mitumbi. The zvokudya makumbo uye nezvidya vakashinga uye simba. Vatatu vavo vari akazendamira muviri netsoka rworudyi, uye mumwe - kuruboshwe. Hairstyles vari Zvinokoshawo. Vane inorema uye kura, zvakagadzirirwa kuwedzera kupfuura kuchengeteka nzvimbo - mutsipa zvidimbu, iyo anodonhedza guru mutoro. Hands zvivezwa, zvinosuruvarisa kuti zvarasika. By kupukunyuka makopi Roman zvinogona kuonekwa kuti rworudyi rwakabata midziyo duku zvinonwiwa, uye kuruboshwe vaitsigira uye zvishoma kurera nguvo dzavo. Zvinofungirwa kuti vari akatema vavezi vemabwe siyana workshop Alcamo, mumwe mboni Phidias. Sezvineiwo, ichi ndicho peberere anomira pamusoro rinda ngano mambo Cecrops. Kuvakwa caryatids, angangodaro ari mutero ndangariro yake. Zvino matanho makopi dzavo. Five caryatids chepakutanga vari Acropolis Museum, apo vanogona kuonekwa kubva kumativi ose, uye wechitanhatu - the British Museum muLondon. Nokupfupikisa rwendo kuburikidza kare, tinogona kutaura kuti caryatid - a Decorative chinhu mavakirwo yembiru, izvo zvinogona dzine basa.

Renaissance uye mberi

Panguva ino vakatanga kushandisa ari omukati pakuvaka fireplaces. Munguva Baroque nguva vanoonekwa muScotland somunhu overmantel paruvanze huru wenhare Mitchells. Mukupera caryatids German Baroque riri panhare Sanssouci Frederick Guru muna Castle. Statue vakapfeka vakadzi akatanga kushandiswa sezvo makumbo matafura, echiShinto uye zvemwenje.

Empire Style afunga kuti decoration maatomu akafanana. womufananidzo wacho kufunga akaramba kutora pfungwa mukadzi akanaka ane yakatarwa yedenga.

Muna 1881, Ogyust Roden sculpted ibwe yawira pasi uremu chifananidzo caryatids. Iye chete akaona mutoro unorema kwenguva musikana, riri achiri kuedza kusimuka.

Male ishamwari caryatids

Ane mazita maviri: Telamon uye Atlanta. Zita rokutanga, chaiwo zita, rinoreva "rutsigiro" kana "rutsigiro". Yaiva ngano mwanakomana Aeacus uye Aeneid. Aiva mambo Saramisi. mutambi uyu akanga agere zvikwasviso apo Argonauts vakatevera padebwe, aiitawo Calydonian vachivhima mhuka musii, vakanga vachimunetsa nenharaunda, iyo akunda Theseus.

Atlant chete - zviri Titan simba, akabata pamapfudzi ake kwedenga. Ko noitika kana mutoro rakadai kwaari? Pasinei zvakanga rinorema, ushingi uye kutsungirira kuti ngaarambe naye. Mungano yechiGiriki, yakanga kukava ibwe kana dombo.

aiwanzopiwa wokushanda chivezwa

Atlanta uye caryatids vashongedze pamadziro zvezvivako, rutsigiro balconies, kuzadzika aesthetic ushande. Kunyanya zvakanaka ndivo Atlanteans kutsigira pabiravira Itsva Hermitage muSt Petersburg. Pakutanga, maererano mapurani L. Klenze, aifanira kuramba caryatids. Asi basa iri chakarambwa, uye makore masere gare gare, muna 1848, AI Terebenev akasika zvivezwa gumi Atlantis rima girenayiti mined ari angu Lake Ladoga. Vamire yakatanhamara yakagadzirwa Karelian zvinonyadzisa-grained girenayiti. Basa iri zvivezwa akanga kwemakore maviri. Muvezi chepuraimari kubudiswa ibwe zvinotora vanenge zana nemakumi mashanu navavaki. The rakapedzwa basa kwakaita zvakasikwa ichichiyemura. Atlanta uye caryatids ndiwo maitiro ari dzekare manyorerwo. Common musiyano ndechokuti Atlanteans kutsigira entablature maoko uye caryatids vakatakura vakamurova musoro. Kujekesa pfungwa "entablature".

Architecture: Masangano zvezvivako

Shoko French "entablature" zvinoreva pasirin'i rakagadzirwa namatanda. Inoitwa architrave, frieze uye cornice. In mapurani, kuti architrave ane mbiri rinoreva:

• mumwe crossbeam, iyo anoiswa pakati neshongwe mawindo kana mahwindo, zviri kumusoro;
• The chete danda, iyo yakarongwa pamusoro misoro mbiru, yakashongedzwa akarayira siyana, kureva akafuridzirwa nenhamba.

Modern kushandiswa caryatids

VaGiriki vakafuridzirwa kusika caryatids vasikana kubva Kariya. Wakapfeka nguvo, zvivezwa dzavo vakaramba kuvaka. tsika iyi mberi. Asi kazhinji zviri imire pamukova pamwero remakore mapurani, pachinzvimbo machena kana ibwe akashandisa kongiri steklokompozit. Mumba kushandisa matanda kana purasita.

On nhasi, uye Atlanteans uye caryatids vari kudiwa mu mapurani ano. Eclecticism, Art Nouveau, Neo-Renaissance - ivo zvinogoneka pose pose. The Kukura zvidavado zvavo kuzeza. Pfungwa the artist, uyo anoshandisa navo, hakusi yakavharwa, uye anoita kuti kurudziro kubva netsika yokuenda kubudikidza chemakore.