Brief Biography uye mabasa Solzhenitsyna Aleksandra Isaevicha

Mubvunzurudzo pamwe Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn akabvuma kuti upenyu hwake chakatsaurwa kuti Russian Revolution. Kuti munyori aifunga yokufungidzira "The Circle First"? National History anochengeta tsaona chijana zvinodyiwa pakavanda. Dzinopupurira kwavari munyori vaiona kwake basa. Solzhenitsyn - mupiro chinokosha kuti kudzidza nhoroondo XX remakore.

kwakarongwa vitae

Solzhenitsyn Aleksandr Isaevich akaberekwa muna 1918 muna Kislovodsk. Wokunzi mumabhuku mabasa evechidiki. Pamberi hondo aifarira kwapasi nhoroondo World War First. The wenyaya, yemberi munyori, dissident uye munzanga nemumiriri akatsaurira mabasa ake okutanga chaiko.

Creative uye yakasiyana mararamiro Solzhenitsyn. Uve chapupu uye ubatanidzwe inokosha munhau - mufaro nokuti munyori, asi idambudziko guru kune munhu.

Kwehondo Solzhenitsyn akasangana muMoscow. Pano akadzidza nomutsamba panguva Institute of History, Uzivi uye Literature. Shure kwake kwakanga Rostov University. Mberi - Officer School, kuongorora uye kusungwa. Mukupera nineties ari mabhuku magazini "World Itsva" dzakabudiswa mabasa Solzhenitsyn, umo munyori kunooneka ake ruzivo rechiuto. Uye akanga yakawanda.

An atirari mukuru, munyori ramangwana chabva Eagle kuna East Prussia. makore akazotevera zviitiko nguva akazvitsaurira chigadzirwa "Zhelyabugskie nemisha", "Adliga Shvenkitten". Akanga ari munzvimbo chaizvo apo vaimbova wakaitwa Army General Samsonov. Events muna 1914 Solzhenitsyn akatsaurira bhuku rake "The Red Wheel."

Captain Ball Solzhenitsyn akasungwa muna 1945. Chii vaitevera makore akawanda vari mumajeri, misasa, Links. Pashure vapore muna 1957, apo mudzidzisi pachikoro mumusha, pedyo Ryazan. Solzhenitsyn nzvimbo vakahaya kubva mugari womunharaunda - Matrona Zakharovna, izvo akazova kumumvuri huru mutambi "Matryona" nyaya.

Munyori pachivande

In autobiography ake, "Oak uye Calf" Solzhenitsyn akabvuma kuti asati asungwa, kunyange akanga pedyo mabhuku, asi mukusaziva. Munguva dzorugare, muna rusununguko, iye akatsamwiswawo ndechokuti kuti nyaya kuwana matsva nyaya nyore. Chii Solzhenitsyn, dai asina wakasimwa?

Misoro nyaya, novellas enganonyorwa vakaberekwa musi zvinyorwa, mumatumba, mumasero mujeri. Vasingakwanisi kunyora pasi pfungwa dzako papepa, iye akasika yose zvitsauko enganonyorwa "The Gulag Archipelago" uye "The First Circle" mupfungwa, uye ipapo nomusoro wavo mwoyo.

Asunungurwa, Aleksandr Isaevich akaramba kunyora. Print mabasa ake ari mashanu zvaiita zvakaoma hope. Asi haana kumborega kunyora, muchitenda kuti basa rake rirege zvisisipo kuti anotamba, nyaya uye enganonyorwa kuverenga kunyange zvizvarwa.

Kubudisa mabasa ake okutanga chete muna 1963 akakwanisa Solzhenitsyn. Books, sezvo kuparadzana mabhuku akazviratidza zvikuru gare gare. Munyika yake aigona kudhinda ngano mu "Nyika Itsva." Asi zvakanga zvisingatendeseki mufaro.

chirwere

Kudzidza zvakanyorwa uye kupisa - nzira anoshandira vakachengeteka zvavo Solzhenitsyn vakashandisa kupfuura kamwe. Asi kana ari muutapwa vanachiremba ndokumuudza kuti vaizorarama shomanana, akatya kupfuura zvose zvaakanga asika haazoonizve muverengi. Solzhenitsyn akanga hapana rokuponesa. Friends - mumisasa. Amai vakafa. Wife asipo vakarambwa naye uye akawanikwa nomumwe murume. Solzhenitsyn akashandura manyoro, izvo akakwanisa kunyora, uvaite dende Champagne, Mudziyo uyu akavigwa mumunda. Uye ndakaenda Tashkent kufa ...

Zvisinei, iye akapukunyuka. In zvakakomba chirwere kupora sokuti ane semhanza kubva kumusoro. Muchirimo 1954, Solzhenitsyn akanyora, "Labor of Zimbabwe" - wokutanga basa, kana ukaronga munyori ane Operatives richizivikanwa rufaro hachiparadzi ndima nendima, uye kukwanisa kuverenga basa rako zvachose.

"Circle The First"

Mugore chaiko pevhu itsva pamusoro sharashka zvakanyorwa. The prototypes vanhu vanonyanya kutaurwa pamusoro yokufungidzira "The Circle First" akava munyori uye shamwari dzake. Asi, pasinei zvokungwarira zvose, uyewo kuzvipira kubudisa basa muchiedza shanduro, akanga aine mukana kuverenga KGB chete. MuRussia, kuti yokufungidzira "The Circle First," yakabudiswa muna 1990 rimwe gore. KuMadokero - kusvikira makumi maviri akanga apfuura.

"Rimwe zuva Ivana Denisovicha"

Camp - nyika chaiyo. It ane chokuita nomunhu umo vanhu vakasununguka gara. Pamisasa, mumwe nomumwe wavo inodzivirira afa. In wokutanga basa rakabudiswa ose Solzhenitsyn rinotaura zuva rimwe muupenyu gamba. About musasa upenyu munyori akazvionera. Ndokusaka saka chinokushamisa muverengi ane hasha uye chokwadi realism, izvo zviripo munyaya, uyo akanyora Solzhenitsyn.

Mabhuku munyori uyu resonated ari nzanga, zvikurukuru pamusana rakavimbika. Solzhenitsyn aidavira kuti tarenda emunyori anopera, uye ipapo zvachose kufa kana basa rake anotsvaka circumvent chokwadi. Uye saka, ari refu nguva yakakwana mabhuku zindoga uye vasingakwanisi kubudisa migumisiro makore ake akawanda basa, haazi godo kubudirira vamiririri anonzi mugovanisi realism. Writers Union akadzinga Tsvetaeva, Akhmatova uye Pasternak vakaramba. Bulgakov haana kutora. Munyika ino ine tarenda uye kana kwaiva, ipapo nokukurumidza akafa.

chinyorwa nhoroondo

Sign zvinyorwa, akatumira mupepeti "World Itsva", zita rake Solzhenitsyn havana kuzoshinga. Ndinovimba kuti "Rimwe zuva Ivana Denisovicha" kuona chiedza, rinenge haana. Long vaneta mwedzi kubvira iyoyo somumwe shamwari munyori akatuma machira akawanda, rakanyorwa duku manyorerwo huru mudonzvo rokubudisa imba chaiko munyika, kana wakauya kukokwa Twardowski.

Munyori "Vasiliya Terkina" uye chikamu-nguva mukuru mupepeti "The New World," kuti manyoro risingazivikanwi munyori verenga kuburikidza Anna Berzer. Mushandi ari kuzivisa imba yakati Tvardovsky kuverenga nyaya, vachiti mashoko kuti akava yairwirwa :. "Zviri pamusoro upenyu mumusasa, kuburikidza meso nyore murimi mudiki" The huru nyanduri Soviet, munyori kweuto-nyika nhetembo vaibva nyore murimi mudiki mumhuri. Uye nekuti basa umo nyaya iri nokuda "vanhuwo murume," zvinofadza kwazvo.

"The Gulag Archipelago"

A nganonyorwa pamusoro pavagere mumisasa Stalin vake, Solzhenitsyn akasika zvinopfuura gumi. Kokutanga basa yakabudiswa France. Muna 1969, "The Gulag Archipelago" akanga zvakakwana. Zvisinei, kuparidza basa Soviet Union kwakadaro kwakanga kwakaoma kwete chete asiwo nengozi. Mumwe vabatsiri ari munyori, izvo ikazobudiswazve vhoriyamu basa rokutanga, akava vakatambudzwa pamusoro KGB. Somugumisiro kusungwa uye kutsvaka wemazuva shanu-kurega asiri mukadzi akwegura akapupura pamusoro Solzhenitsyn. Zvino vakazviuraya.

Zvichitevera zviitiko izvi, munyori akanga asina mubvunzo nezvokukosha kudhinda "Archipelago" kunze.

mhiri kwemakungwa

Solzhenitsyn Aleksandr Isaevich akanga adzingwa Soviet Union mwedzi mishomanana pashure kusunungurwa yokufungidzira "The Gulag Archipelago." Munyori akapomerwa hurumende. Vezvenhau Soviet zvikuru akafukidza yezvakaita mhosva zvichipomerwa vakaita Solzhenitsyn. Kunyanya, "Archipelago" munyori kupomerwa abatsire Vlasov munguva yehondo. Asi hapana zvakataurwa pamusoro zviri shamisa bhuku.

Kusvikira okupedzisira oupenyu hwake, Solzhenitsyn haana kurega ake chaiko uye nevamwe. Mubvunzurudzo nezvavatorwa periodicals, mukuvamba eighties, munyori Russian akaratidza chivimbo kuti aizokwanisa kudzokera kumusha. Zvino zvikaonekwa hakungagoni.

dzokera

Muna 1990, Solzhenitsyn akadzokera. MuRussia, iye akanyorwa nyaya dzakawanda pamusoro kuitika enyika uye evanhu. A chinokosha chikamu Tangai dziri munyori pakutsigira vasungwa uye nemhuri dzavo. Mumwe premiums - muchifarira ari paChernobyl vakaurayiwa NPP. Asi zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti ari Order of St. Andrey Pervozvannogo munyori achiri akaramba, dzichishandisa kusada ake kuranga award Supreme simba, iyo vakauya munyika aripo anosuruvarisa.

Solzhenitsyn - mupiro chinokosha mabhuku Russian. Munguva Soviet, aionekwa dissident uye nationalist. Solzhenitsyn haana anobvumirana maonero ichi, nharo kuti - munyori Russian uyo pamusoro zvose vaida nyika yavo.