Atirari - mwari hondo? Atirari Second World

"The atirari - mwari hondo" - aimbova akaratidza I. V. Stalin, kutaura pamusoro imwe mhando inokosha wamapoka. Nemashoko aya, Jesu akanga achiedza kusimbisa zvikuru kuti akanga zvombo izvi panguva Second World War. Uye mashoko aya ichokwadi, sezvo zvemashoko atirari hazvigoni dzakanaka. simba rake akabvumira mauto eSoviet utsinye uputsei vavengi uye kutaura zvinodiwa Victory Great.

Gare gare munyaya ino ichakurukurwa kubudikidza atirari the World Second, iyo yaiva basa Nazi Germany uye Soviet Union, tichitangira chiedza Anti-tangi pfuti uye kuzviuraya superheavy pfuti-omugungwa.

Anti-tangi pfuti

Sezvo nhoroondo Second World War, chiedza pfuti uye makuru akaratidza anongoda pakurwisa warrior motokari. Chokwadi kuti anowanzoshandurwa yakagadzirwa mumakore interwar, uye unogona kukunda chete simba kudzivirira yokutanga motokari warrior. Asi pamberi kutanga Second World Technology ndiye nokukurumidza modernize. Nadzo Matangi kuva mukobvu zvikuru, marudzi zvombo zvakawanda saka vaiva tariro yechinyakare.

Nguva chinowanikwazve inorema midziyo kure outstripped kukura chizvarwa chitsva kwepfuti. Gun zvikwata, uyo vaivapowo Battlefields, kuti Akashamisika akacherechedza kuti zvombo zvavo zvakarurama-kutungamirirwa hatina yakarova matangi. Atirari akanga simba kuita chimwe chinhu. Anoshongwa nyore bounced kure warrior Corps, pasina kuita zvakaipa.

Vachiridzira siyana mune chiedza Anti-tangi pfuti akanga pasi, saka pfuti rikarira aifanira kuzviriritira pamusoro muvengi iri pedyo daro kumurova zvechokwadi. Pakupedzisira, izvi Hondo Yenyika II atirari akanga padivi uye raishandiswa kutsigira moto inifanduri pamusoro kuwanikwa.

munda atirari

The kwokutanga nokukurumidza uye kunonyanyisa ndege kuwanda munda atirari anoshongwa panguva iyoyo aiva zvakarwadza chaizvo vaviri kugadzirira tsamwisa akavhiyiwa uye kubudirira kuzvidzivirira matanho. Gunfire ruchavhiringidza vakasununguka kwebasa muvengi, uye vaigona chose zvose PAKAPERA HONDO. Mune kukosha nguva dzesango hondo atirari (mifananidzo unogona kuona munyaya) rinowanzoshandurwa akaponesa mauto ake uye akabatsira kukunda kukunda. Somuenzaniso, panguva yehondo muFrance muna 1940, Germany akashandisa ayo 105-millimeter pfuti leFH 18. Zvinokosha kucherechedza kuti vokuGermany kazhinji kubuda vakunde atirari nokurwisana, vachishandisa nomuvengi mabhatiri.

Field pfuti, aichimbova pedyo Red Army, vakanga anomiririrwa 76.2-millimeter kanoni, 1942 kusunungurwa. Akanga chaizvo mukuru tomu velocity, izvo zvinoita nyore kupaza kudzivirira German nadzo. Uyezve, pfuti Soviet mukirasi iyi vane Range yakakwana kunotutirwa zvinhu kure zvakanaka kwavari. Judge woga: daro kuti yaigona kubhururuka kumativi, kakawanda kupfuura 12 km! Izvi kubvumirwa Soviet vehondo pamwe kure kuzvidzivirira zvinzvimbo chipinganidzo yomuvengi kufanoronga.

An dzinonakidza ndechokuti muna 1942, pfuti dzokuenzanisira kuti panguva Second World War kunge kusunungurwa zvikuru kupfuura vamwe zvombo kwakadaro. Zvinoshamisa, vamwe makopi, uye vachiri pamusoro Russian Army.

mumaturi

Zvichida kutengeka uye inobudirira inifanduri rutsigiro zvombo vaiva mumaturi. Vari zvakakwana aibatanidza ehupfumi akadai chikuva uye firepower, saka avo kushandiswa akagona kushandura nzira yose muvengi inogumbura.

German Mauto aiwanzoshandisa 80mm "Granatverfer-34." Ichi chombo chakabereka notoriety pakati batana nevarwi kumhanya uye hwakanyanya nemazvo vachiridzira. Kunze kwayo kupfura rwendo 2,400 m.

Red Army rakashandiswa rutsigiro moto wavo inifanduri 120mm M1938, akapinda basa muna 1939. Ndiye aiva wokutanga mumaturi ane caliber kuti ati akabudiswa uye kushandiswa munyika tsika. Apo mauto eGermany tatarisana zvombo izvi muhondo, vaionga simba raro, uye akabva atanga kukwira mukurima uye akanga asarudzirwa se "Granatverfer-42." M1932 vakayera 285 makirogiramu uye akanga panonyanyisa maonero dhaka yakanga inifanduri zvuva pachawo. Kuita izvi ake kana disassembled munzvimbo dzakawanda zvikamu, kana kudhonzwa unokosha trolley. kupfura kwaasingasvikiri raiva 400 M kudzika kupfuura German "Granatverfera-34."

nokuzvidzora propelled chikwata

Mumavhiki hondo yokutanga, zvakava pachena kuti vaifamba zvikuru vanoda yakavimbika rutsigiro moto. Mauto eGermany zvombo nayo chipingamupinyi ari muchimiro rakavakirwa zvinzvimbo uye hombe yevasungwa wamapoka muvengi. Ipapo vakasarudza kusimbisa ayo Mobile moto rutsigiro atirari kuzvidzora propelled 105 mm chokugadza "Vespa", vachisimudza pamusoro tangi chassis PzKpfw II. Other zvombo zvakadaro - "Hummel" - yaiva chikamu motorized uye tangi kupesana kubvira 1942.

Panguva iyo Red Army akazviratidza zvombo kuzvidzora propelled pfuti SU-76 pfuti, 76,2 mm. Rakanga akatasva dzakachinjwa chassis ane chiedza tangi T-70. Pakutanga, SU-76 kutarisirwa kushandisa somunhu tangi muparadzi, asi mukufamba chikumbiro chacho vakaona kuti aifanira kuita zvishoma firepower.

Muchirimo muna 1943, mauto eSoviet vakagamuchira motokari itsva - Manje-152. Rakanga akashongedzerwa ane 152.4-mm howitzer uye yakanyorerwa kuparadzwa matangi Mobile atirari uye inifanduri moto rutsigiro. Chokutanga, pfuti akatasva tangi chassis Zvakanaka hf-1, uye ipapo pamusoro IC. Muhondo, ichi chombo kwakaratidza kuti kuva chaizvo yaiva basa pamwe nehondo Soviet, uyewo Warsaw chibvumirano munyika 70-ies wekupedzisira remakore.

Soviet rinorema atirari

mhando iyi zvekushandisa zvakanga zvikuru mukufamba ruvengo panguva Second World War. Wakakura zvikuru kuti zviripo atirari ipapo wakaumbwa Red Army, aiva howitzer M1931 B-4 caliber kuti 203 mm. Apo mauto eSoviet akatanga kunetesa nokukurumidza kufambira mberi German nechisimba mundima yayo uye hondo Eastern Front akatonyanya kunofambira mberi hunhu, rinorema atirari kwakanga, sezvo vachiti, panzvimbo yavo.

Asi Developers munogara kutsvaga zvakanakisisa kuita. basa ravo rakanga chombo iyo yaizova zvinobvira Nyatsobatanidzwai dzakadaro maitiro akadai yakaderera uremu, siyana zvakanaka uye panonyanyisa projectiles. Uye ichi chombo akasikwa. Ivo vakava 152-millimeter howitzer ML-20. Papera chinguva nemauto eSoviet zvakapfuura modernized chombo M1943 pamwe chete caliber, asi pamwe weighted mudende uye hombe tomu akamedura.

Kudzivirira emisasa Soviet Union pave pati huru apo howitzers akadaro, izvo zvakazoita kuti muvengi aungana moto. Atirari chaizvoizvo rakaparadza nzvimbo German, uye pakudaro vatanha yomuvengi tsamwisa zvirongwa. Muenzaniso kuvhiyiwa "Storm", iro vakabudirira yakaitwa muna 1942. Its Zvakaguma encirclement pana Stalingrad, yokuGermany 6th Army. Nokuti ayo waivako zvaishandiswa vanopfuura zviuru 13. Pfuti siyana. Zvisati simba rokugadzirira atirari asati kurwisa. Zvakanga iye vakabatsira zvikuru nokukurumidza chinotangira Soviet warrior mauto uye vaifamba.

zvombo inorema German

Maererano Versailles Treaty pashure peHondo Yenyika I muna Germany vakarambidza pfuti ine caliber pamusoro 150 mm kana kupfuura. Naizvozvo unyanzvi makasimba "Krupp" kunosanganisira kuva pfuti itsva, aifanira kuumba rinorema munda howitzer sFH 18 149.1-mm dhiramu, zvinosanganisira kumicheto, uye breech casing.

Pakutanga muhondo yacho German rinorema howitzer vanofamba bhiza traction. Asi gare gare yaiva modernized shanduro kwatove hafu-njanji tarakita, zvichiita zvikuru Mobile. Mauto eGermany yakabudirira kuiswa kuna Eastern Front. Pakazopera hondo howitzer sFH 18 akatasva tangi chassis. Saka, ndinowana kuzvidzora propelled pfuti, "Hummel."

Soviet Katyusha

Chombo mauto uye atirari - mumwe mapoka panyika mauto. Kushandiswa zvombo panguva Second World War akanga kunyanya kukonzerwa pamwero mukuru kurwa pamusoro Eastern Front. Simba zvitundumuseremusere moto akafukidza mundima yake huru pane zvaizopedza zvimwe inaccuracy pamusoro unguided zvombo. Tichienzanisa kwakajairika zvombo zvinokandwa mari yakanga shoma zvikuru, akaita kuti nokukurumidza chaizvo. Chimwe chakanakira ndiyo hama nyore kushanda kwavo.

Soviet chitundumuseremusere atirari munguva yehondo akashandisa 132-millimeter anoshongwa pamusoro M-13. Dzakasikirwa 1930 uye panguva iyoyo, sezvo Nazi Germany yakarwisa Soviet Union, vaiva chaizvo diki zvakawanda. zvichida zvombo ava kupfuura yakakurumbira zvemabhomba zvose izvi yaishandiswa panguva Second World War. Zvishoma nezvishoma vakamisa kugadzirwa yavo, uye pakazopera 1941, M-13 raishandiswa kunorwa nevaNazi.

Ndinofanira kutaura kuti chombo chinoita zvokukandwa mauto uye atirari of Red Army, vokuGermany mukusanzwisisa ndisingafungiri kuti anokonzerwa kumboonekwa simba uye simba chinouraya chombo itsva. Launchers BM-13-16 akaiswa pamusoro mumarori uye njanji vane 16 vaitenderera. Gare gare, ava chombo hurongwa ngarinzi 'Katyusha ". Over nguva vakanga upgraded kakawanda uye yaiva muSoviet Army kusvikira 80-ies wekupedzisira remakore. With veMubatanidzwa chitundumuseremusere launchers okuti "atirari - mwari hondo" zvakatanga kuonekwa sezvo chokwadi.

German chitundumuseremusere launchers

A itsva mhando chombo akabvumira kuti anunure kurwisana discontinuous zvikamu zvikuru nezviduku kure. Saka, zvenguva pfupi zvombo nekutsvaga firepower avo vanonangwa iri pamberi mutsetse, asi ane refu kutiza chombo raparadza pamusoro zvinhu iri shure muvengi mitsetse.

VokuGermany vakanga yayo chitundumuseremusere atirari. "Vurframen-40" - iri German chitundumuseremusere launcher, riri muNzvimbo hafu-njanji Sd.Kfz.251 michina. Rocket zooms kuti chinangwa nekuvhura muchina. Dzimwe nguva hurongwa aya chakaunzwa kurwa ave towed atirari.

Kazhinji, vanhu vokuGermany akashandisa chitundumuseremusere launcher "Nebelverfer-41" aiva zinga mamiriro. Chaiva matanhatu tubular njanji uye akatasva maviri-mavhiri chekufambisa. Asi panguva kurwa ichi chombo raiva chaizvo nengozi kwete chete nokuti muvengi asiwo yavo kukarukureta yakafanira kudhonza kubva pombi zasoplovogo womoto.

Weight anoshongwa chitundumuseremusere injini yaiva kwakabatsira kuwanda kwavo kutiza. Saka, yakanga ine zvinokosha uto zvinobatsira kuti mauto, uyo atirari aigona rova huru iri kure seri mutsetse nomuvengi. zvombo German rinorema zvaibatsira chete pamusoro moto, kana zvakanga zvakafanira kuparadza rakavakirwa zvinhu, zvakadai bunkers, warrior motokari uye zvakasiyana-siyana zvitaviro.

Zvinokosha kucherechedza kuti atirari moto vokuGermany vane zvakawanda vakaderera Range Katyusha chitundumuseremusere launcher nokuti kunyanya uremu anoshongwa.

superheavy pfuti

In Mauto aHitler zvombo chaizvo basa rakanga reDare atirari. Izvi zvinonyanya kushamisa kuti anenge kupfuura chinokosha reNazi velha, sezvo nyanzvi ano vamwe chikonzero vanosarudza vanoisa pfungwa dzavo pamusoro kudzidza nhoroondo Luftwaffe (Air Force).

Kunyange pakuguma kwehondo mainjiniya eGermany vakanga vachishanda itsva yakazonaka warrior motokari - munhu kumumvuri rimwe tangi hombe, richienzaniswa navamwe rechiuto midziyo sokuti dwarf. The purojekiti P1500 "chikara" havana nguva ezvidzidzo. Zvinonzi chete anozivikanwa kuti tangi achafunga matani 1.5. Zvakanga akaronga kuti aizova aine 80-sendimita pfuti "Gustav" akasimba "Krupp". Zvinokosha kucherechedza kuti Developers ayo nguva dzose funga guru, hapana chakasara uye atirari. Ichi chombo akapinda basa nehondo reNazi panguva yokukombwa Sevastopol. Cannon akaita anokwana 48 kurira kwepfuti, pashure pacho akabereka kusakara.

Rail pfuti K-12 vakanga mubasa 701 fung atirari bhatiri akamira pamusoro Channel egungwa. Maererano nedzimwe mishumo, anoshongwa dzavo, sezvo vakayera 107,5 makirogiramu, akarohwa vanoverengeka vanonangwa kumaodzanyemba England. Izvi atirari omugungwa makonye vaiva chikamu kwavo T-zvakaumbwa, vanofanira kuisa uye kukanganiswa.

nhamba

Sezvambotaurwa, kunyika hondo muchirongwa ruvengo pakati 1939-1945, vakapinda wakarwa hachibatsiri kana zvishoma upgraded pfuti. inefficiencies zvavo zvose zvizere yakawanikwa Hondo Yenyika II. Atirari iri kudiwa kwete chete update, asi kuwedzera ayo uwandu.

Kubvira muna 1941 kusvika 1944, Germany akabudisa vanopfuura zviuru 102. Pfuti nedzimwe caliber uye 70 zviuru. Mumaturi. Pakazosvika nguva yakarwisa Soviet Union, vokuGermany vakanga vatova vanenge zviuru 47. Atirari zvidimbu, uye kuti haibatanidzi kurwisa nezvombo. Kana tikatora somuenzaniso United States, vari pamusoro chete nguva ikabereka vanenge 150 zviuru. Pfuti. Britain akakwanisa kubudisa. Zvombo zviuru chete 70 mukirasi iyi. Asi zvinyorwa munhangemutange iyi yaiva Soviet Union makore hondo ikoko yakapiwa vanopfuura zviuru 480 pfuti uye mumaturi, vanenge 350 zviuru ... Vasati ichi, Soviet Union yakanga atova mubasa 67 ndipo. Emiti. Nhamba iyi anopiwa pasina kufungisisa 50-millimeter mumaturi, atirari uye Anti ndege pfuti yacho Navy.

Mumakore Hondo Yenyika II atirari pikisa nyika yave kuchinja kukuru. Nguva mauto yavakawana kana upgraded kana zvachose Ezvemutauro zvitsva. Kunyanya yakatanga nokukurumidza, uye Anti kuzvidzora propelled atirari (mapikicha iyoyo anoratidza simba rayo). Maererano nenyanzvi kubva kunyika dzakasiyana, inenge hafu nokurasikirwa nyika nemauto chikonzero kushandiswa dhaka panguva iyoyi.