Artwork Decorative folk Art: Types

Unyanzvi hwevanhu hwekushongedza munyika yedu ndeyechikamu chevanhu vanoita tsika. Nhetembo dzemifananidzo, manzwiro anowanikwa maari, anodiwa uye anonzwisisika kuvanhu vose. Iyo inoita pfungwa yekunaka, inobatsira kuumba unhu hwakagadziridzwa hwakagadziridzwa. Kubva pamaitiro akareba emitambo, unyanzvi hwekushongedza hunoita kuti huve nehutano hwemunhu wemangwana. Mabasa akasika nevatenzi kubva kuvanhu chiratidzo chekuda nyika yavo yekuzvarwa, kukwanisa kuona nokunzwisisa kunaka kwepasi rakapoteredza.

Zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvekushongedza unyanzvi

Mazana emakore mazana emakore ekugadzirwa kwemhuri mumhuri yevarombo, uye kubva muzana remakore re XVIII-XIX nemabasa ekugadzirwa, zvigadzirwa nemataundi nemisha ine midziyo yakasiyana-siyana yakagadzirwa nevhu, matanda nematare, micheka yakavezwa, micheka yekotamic uye matanda, makateti, nezvimwewo. Uye kufara kweGorodets kuve pamusoro pehuni, nhamba dzeDymkovo uye nziyo dzekuridza dzakagadzirwa nevhu, Lukutin zvakavezwa painted boxes. Chimwe nechimwe chezvinhu izvi basa rehutano hwevanhu. Ndarama yegoridhe -Kukhloma kuveza - inofarira zvikuru kuRussia uye kune dzimwe nyika.

Paiva nemhizha yepakutanga kuFar East, neRussia North, Siberia, neCaucasus. Mukurumbira wakagadzirwa nesimbi kushandiswa muDagestan Kubachi, kuveza muCaramr muBalkhar, uye mucheki pamusoro pehuni nesirivha Untsukul. Unyanzvi hwemhando dzevanhu, dzine marudzi akasiyana kwazvo, hunomiririrwa munzvimbo dzakasiyana dzenyika yedu yakakura.

Vologda lace - hutano hwemhando dzevanhu

Vologda lace yakave yakakurumbira muEurope capitals muma1900 ekupedzisira. Uye munguva yedu, vatorwa vazhinji vanofunga zvisiri izvo kuti chiuno pamunda weRussia chinosara chete muVologda. Zvechokwadi, Elets, Kirishi, Vyatka vanewo chikonzero chekuzvirumbidza nezvezvinhu zvavo. Inenge dzose dzazvo dzine zvadzo zvakasiyana. Saka, zvinonakidza ndezvokutamba kweMichaylov. Munyika yedu havana kuwana zvishoma kudarika kune Vologda avo. Kunyange zvakadaro, sekumazana emakore akapfuura, ndezvaVologda kuti vanoenda kune chishamiso chichena-chando.

Openwork carving

Mifananidzo yakazaruka inoshongedza zvinhu zvakagadzirwa nefupa duku: mabhokisi, caskets, pendants, brooches. Basa rehutano hwemhando dzevanhu - pfupa redu - rinonyanya kutaurwa kuti openwork carving.

Izvo zvakapararira zvakange zviri zvitatu zvekushongedza panyaya yekucheka kuburikidza nefupa:

• Geometric - kuwirirana kwemitsara yakarurama uye yakavezwa.
• Vegetable.
• Rokailny - chimiro chechimiro chegungwa regungwa.

Nzira yekuzaruka kwekushongedza inoshandiswa kugadzira zvinyorwa zvakagadzirwa nezvishongo uye chigadzirwa. Iyo yakasvibirira inowanzovhara mhou bone.

Basa rakanaka pamasvingo ekuzarura zvinoda zvishandiso zvakakosha: mafayili emafiri, shtihels, klepikov, jigsaws.

Beading

Zvipfeko zvinogona kudada nemazana emakore-nhoroondo yekare, uyewo maruva. Vagari vekare veEgypt ndivo vaive vokutanga kuziva unyanzvi hwakaoma hwekugadzira mitsipa pamusana pekidiki mabirazi egirazi, uyewo nekushongedza mbatya dzavo. Kunyange zvakadaro, chigadzirwa chebhedi muzana remakore rechi10 chakanyatsobudirira. Mumakore ose aya, vanhu ve Venice vakachengeta zvakanyatsovanzika zveunyanzvi. Mhando dzakasvibirira dzakashongedzwa nezvikwama uye mhombodo, shangu, nguo uye zvimwe zvinhu zvakanaka.

Apo bhiza rakaratidzwa muAmerica, rakashandura zvinhu zvekare zvakashandiswa nevanhu vemunharaunda. Pano vakange vakafukidzwa, mabhasikiti, mhete, mahombekombe.

Vanhu vekuFar North vainge vakashongedzwa nemicheka yakavezwa yemabhokisi, mabheti emvere, mabhanhire emadzimai, misoro yepamusoro.

Batik

Batik - kuveza mucheka nemaoko avo pachavo nekushandiswa kwekugadzirisa makemikari. Nzira yacho inobva pakucherechedza kuti girasi reRibber, parafini iyo inoshandiswa pamucheka haifaniri kupfuura nepende.

Kune marudzi akasiyana-siyana eBatik - nodular, hot, shibori, kutonhora.

Zita rokuti "batik" ndiIndonesian, zvinoreva "kutora", "kurohwa", "kufukidza nemadonhwe."

Mufananidzo uyu wakashandiswa kwenguva yakareba nevanhu veIndia neIndonesia. Batik akauya kuEurope muzana remakore rechi20.

Painting

Kupenda ndeimwe yemhando yekare yakawanda yekushongedza unyanzvi. Kwemazana emakore yakave iri chikamu chechikamu chechimiro chakasiyana nehupenyu hwevanhu. Muhutano hwevanhu hweRussia rudzi urwu rwekushongedza ruzivo rwakapararira.

Heano mamwe mavara edzimba:

• Zhostovo mufananidzo ibwe rinozivikanwa reRussia rakaratidzwa muzana remakore rechi19 mumusha weZhostovo, kure neMoscow. Ndivo vezvivakwa zvakakurumbira, uko vanhu veRussian painting vachigadzirwa. Mazita anozivikanwa eZhostovo akavezwa nemaoko. Kazhinji kazhinji, maruva emaruva anoratidzwa mumatema.
• Gorodets kupora ibhizimusi rakaonekwa muguta reGorodets pakati pezana remakore rechi19. Mifananidzo yacho yakajeka uye yaononic. Zvinyorwa zvaro ndezvifananidzo zvebhiza, mavara, maruva maitiro. Yakarongedza mikova, zvipfigiso, fenicha, kushandura magirasi.
• Khokhloma kuveza - imwe yekare kare mishonga. Yakabva muzana remakore rechiXVII muKhokhloma, pedyo neNizhny Novgorod. Khokhloma kuveza - kuveza mifananidzo yezvinhu zvehuni, kuurayiwa nehutenderedzwa hwegoridhe mumasvi, tsvuku, kazhinji isiri. Mushure mokuveza mufananidzo, chigadzirwa chacho chakaputirwa nehutano hwakakosha uye katatu kunogadziriswa muvheni, izvo zvinoita kuti zvikwanise kuwana humwe hunosiyana-huno-goridhe. Mutambo weKhokhloma ndiwo mazhenje emakomo ash and strawberries matsvuku, matavi nemaruva. Kazhinji mune zvinyorwa zvinoratidzika mhuka, hove uye shiri, zvichiita kuti zvive basa rechokwadi rehutano hwemhando dzevanhu. Ndarama yegoridhe - kazhinji inonzi Khokhloma.

Tichazoziva zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvemaitiro evanhu anoshandiswa muchechi chechikoro chekuvandudza vana.

Dymkovo chiyiko

Miti Kirov masters anoshamisika nemaitiro akajeka, asingasviki akaenzana uye chimiro. Munhu wose anofarira nekunaka, zvakakosheswa zvakanaka uye zvakavezwa mawere, ma poni, mazai, mbudzi. Dymkovo yekutanga matoyi akaonekwa muna 1811. PaViatka vacation ivhu dhokwe nemifananidzo yakatengeswa. Zvidhori zvekucheka zvakagadzirwa na tenzi wemusha weDymkovo. Vakaita izvi pamwe nemhuri dzavo.

Iye zvino fekitari, inobudisa Dymkovo matoyi, inoshanda muKirov.

Filimoni chiyiko

Pasina mukurumbira ndiyo inzvimbo yevanhu vechikwata mumusha weFilimonovo pedyo neTula. Vanhu uye mhuka dzakagadzirwa nemhizha dzinozivikanwa nehupenyu hwavo hwekunyora uye kuratidza kukuru. Izvi vakadzi vakadzi, vakadzi, varwi, mhou, vanobatana pamabhiza, makwai. Filimonov mapikicha haagoni kuvhiringidzwa nevamwe, sezvo vanotakura zvinhu zvavo zvakasiyana-siyana nenzira yekufananidza nekupenda. Vanotamba nemarudzi ose emuraraungu.

Mwana akaona chifukidzo chePhilemon nemuvara usina kufanana uye chimiro chinosimudzira kutanga kwekusika.

Kargopol toy

Kargopol iguta remakore ekare, iro vagari varo vave vakagara vari muhari yehari. Kazhinji ivo vaigadzira ndiro, asi vamwe vatenzi vakanga vakabatanidzwa mune dhaka yevhu. Zvisinei, muna 1930 kubata hove kwakawira mukuora. Kudzorerwa kweKargopol workshops kwakaitika muna 1967.

Kargopol matoyi anotarisa zvakasimba pamusoro penzvimbo yeDymkov uye Filimonov yakajeka. Rudzi rwemavara ruvara, ruvara uye ruvara ruvara. Kune mifananidzo yakawanda inonakidza, iri nyore, asi panguva imwechete iyo kufema kufema uye kuseka. Ndiwo vakadzi vanogara muchengeti, varimi vanochera ndebvu, mapuroti ane mafiritsi anotsepa.

Gzhel cookware

Hasi kure neMoscow iri musha weGzhel. Kubva muzana ramakore rechi14, ivhu rakanga rakabatanidzwa pano. Pakati pemidziyo yakagadzirwa kvassniki - mahwendefa nematayipi, ayo akavezwa nemavara machena uye machena-machena emakeramiki. Iye zvino michina yakagadzirwa yakagadzirwa muGzhel ine mukurumbira wenyika. Chikonzero cheizvi ndicho chakasiyana nemufananidzo uye mufananidzo. Gzhel porcelain inoratidzirwa neparuvara rwebhuruu yakaitwa pamuchena mutsvuku. Ichokwadi, ruvara rwebhuruu harusi rwakafanana. Kana iwe ukatarisa zvakanyanya, unogona kuwana zvinyorwa zviduku uye semitones zvinokurudzira pfungwa pamusoro pebhuruu rekudenga, rwizi nemvura mvura. Mukuwedzera kune ndiro muGzhel, vanobudisa ma teyi uye zvidhori zviduku. Zvose zvinowanzoitwa natenzi zvinoshamisa nekubatana kwehupenyu uye fomu. Iri ibasa rechokwadi rehutano hwemhando dzevanhu. Gzhel uwane munhu wese hope.

Unyanzvi hwekunakisa muchekeji

Unyanzvi hwevanhu vadzidzisi havasi ivo vakuru chete. Zvakakosha kune vana vanogona kutamba nehuni dhomba uye matope ezvivhiri zveMhizha vhizha. Unyanzvi hwevanhu hunosimudzira kufarira kwevana nekutangira kwemazano avo, mifananidzo uye mavara. Zvinonzwisisika kuvana, sezvo zvarinotaura zviri nyore uye zvakajeka, asi panguva imwechete inozarura pamberi payo kunaka kwepasi rakaipoteredza. Heano mifananidzo inofarira zvifananidzo zvezvikara zvakagadzirwa nevhu kana huni, uye zvishongo nemaruva, majeki nemashizha, kazhinji kuonekwa muupenyu. Masters anobatanidzwa mukugadzirwa kwezvinhu zvidhori zvevhu, kazhinji vanonyora mabasa avo nezvishongedzo kubva kumakemikari ejometri: zvipfeko, zvindori, mutsara. Iyi mifananidzo inowanawo kunzwisisa muvana. Zvose ivhu nemiti yemapuranga mukeregarteni haisi kungoshongedza kwemukati. Kutungamirirwa nemudzidzisi ane ruzivo, vana vanovatarisa zvakanyatsonaka, vachiita mifananidzo yavo uye kuenzanisa pamusoro pezviyero zvevanhu.

Unyanzvi hwemhando dzevanhu muchechi yekoroji inopinda muupenyu hwevana, zvichivaunza mufaro, kuwedzera maitiro avo, kushandisa simba rakanaka pamusana wezvakanaka. Mune zvikoro zvekusekondari kuchikoro kunofanira kunge kune nhamba yakakwana yezvinyorwa zvemhando dzevanhu. Izvi zvinokubvumira kuti ufukidze mapurisa emapoka, uchivandudza ivo mushure mechinguva. Zvigadzirwa zvemhizha zvinoratidzwa kuvana, pavanotaura pamusoro pevanhu vanoita zvemhizha. Zvose zvakadai zvinofanira kuchengetwa mumakabati edzidziso yepamusoro. Dzinofanirwa kugara dzichizadzikiswa uye dzinoparadzirwa munzvimbo dzose dzekudyisa. Vana vaduku vanoda kutenga zvidzara, zvinonakidza, zvidhori zvemapuranga. Vana veboka rakaperera vanofanirwa zvakanakisisa naFilimonov naKagopol. Vana vemapoka akwegura vanowanikwa marudzi ose evanhu vhidhiyo, kusanganisira ivhu uye matanda.

Kurongedza mufananidzo mukerekeji kunopa kuumbwa kwezvokudya zvevana, mifananidzo yakasiyana-siyana pamusoro pehurukuro yevadzidzi. Mukuwedzera, vana vanogona kuita zvishongo zviduku zviduku zvemadhora, zviyeuchidzo zvemasikana, vanambuya nahanzvadzi dzezororo raMarch 8.

Pasi pesimba remakirasi nezvinhu zvevanhu vese, vana vanonyanya kufarira uye vanofarira mifananidzo pamisoro yenyaya dzeRussia dzevanhu. Masayipi evanhu vane hupfumi hwemashoko avo anoita kuti pfungwa dzomwana dzifunge panguva dzekuenzanisa, zvichiita kuti ruzivo rwake rwepasi rwakamukomberedza ruwedzere. Makirasi ane kushandiswa kwevanhu vemaitiro semifananidzo inopa mukana wokukudziridza pfungwa dzevana.

Zvisinei, chiitiko chakanaka kubva pane izvi chinowanikwa chete kana vana vachigadzirisa uye vachigadzirisa zvakananga kune zvigadzirwa zvegadzirwa nemabasa. Kubva pazivo yavo, vanoita mabasa ekushongedza nemaoko avo. Vanokokwa kuti vauye nebasa rehutano hwemhando dzevanhu (chero). Mufananidzo, kana pasina basa riripo, richabatsira mwana kufungidzira kuti achachera kana kuveza.

Kuda kwevana kuumba zvinhu zvakanakisisa kunonyanya kugadziriswa nekucherechedza mudzidzisi pachake panyaya idzi. Anofanirwa kunge ane ruzivo pamusoro pevanhu vehupenzi, zive nhoroondo yechitarisiko chavo. Kana mudzidzisi achiziva kuti rudzi rwevanhu rwupi runogona kuve runonzi iyi kana iyo toyuni, uye inokwanisa kutaura zvinonakidza pamusoro pevatenzi vanoita matoyi aya, vana vachave vanofarira uye vachava nechido chekuita mukugadzirwa.

Unyanzvi Hwakanakisisa muJunior Classes

Unyanzvi hwemhando dzevanhu mumabasa epurogiramu yevana vaduku vechikoro vanobvumira vana kuti vadzokere kune zvinyorwa zvemaitiro, kuvanhu vemweya. Munyika yemazuva ano, kuongorora upfumi hwemitambo yenyika ndiyo basa rinokosha kupfuura dzose rekudzidzisa mitemo yevana, vachiita kuti vave vashandi venyika yavo. Mumizhonga yevanhu mweya werudzi urongwa hwakafanana, nhoroondo yezvakanyorwa yezvizvarwa zvinomutswa. Kudzidzisa unhu hwakakwana, kukudziridza zvigadziro zvayo, unhu hwakanaka hwevana hahubviri, kana kukurukurirana pamusoro pezvakagadzirika kunoderedzwa kusvika kusingafungi. Mushure mezvose, basa remhizha ndiro mufananidzo wemhando dzakanakisisa dzehutano hwemunyika: ndiko kumuka kwekuremekedza nhoroondo yake pachayo netsika, rudo rwemusha wekwenyika munzvimbo yose uye nzvimbo iyo yakaberekerwa kunyanya, kuzvininipisa, kurwisa kunaka, pfungwa yekubatana.

Nzira yekuronga sei nzira yekudzidzisa kuitira kuti rudo rwemusha wekwake rurege kungori murongero wakanaka, asi chaizvoizvo rwakakonzerwa nechinangwa chemukati chechizvarwa chiduku? Ndezvipi zvinogona kuitwa kana pasina maitiro anozivisa musoro wekuda nyika nekujeka uye nenzira yekufananidzira? Munyaya iyi, zvirokwazvo, inoda nzira yakakwana. Idzidzo dzekuita netsika dzakanaka uye dzidzo dzakanaka dzinofanira kugadziriswa.

Kuti mwana anzwisise zviri kuitika, zvinokurudzirwa kuti muchidzidzo chekufunga nezvebasa rehutano hwemhando dzevanhu (chero). Muenzaniso webasa rakadaro uchabatsira kunzwisisa nyaya.

Nguva yemazuva ano inoda kurapwa kwemavambo chaiwo eumhizha. Kuchengetedza, kuwedzera ruzivo rwemarudzi ose, kusimbisa tsika dzaro - matambudziko akadaro anotarisana nevadzidzisi, vadzidzisi, vanyori.

Unyanzvi Hwakanaka MuChikoro Chesekondari

Sezvo vana vachikura, vanotanga kunzwisisa nekuwedzera basa rehutano hwevanhu. Vadzidzi veBakala 6 uye vanogadzirisa zvidzidzo izvi.

Purogiramu yebasa rekudzidza kwehutano hwakanaka muchitanhatu chechitanhatu inopa zvitatu zvikuru zvekuita basa:

1. Basa rakanaka (kupora, kutora).
2. Kunakidza zvisikwa (zvishongedzo, mifananidzo, maitiro).
3. Kucherechedza kwenyika yakapoteredza (kukurukurirana).

Izvi zvakasiyana siyana zvinobvumira vana kuti vazive mazamu ezvigadzirwa zvemhizha. Ikozvino munguva yekuzivana inova pachena kuti zvinyorwa izvi zvakanyatsopindirana sei uye zvinoshamisa sei kuti vanobatsirana mukugadzirisa matambudziko anokonzerwa nepurogiramu. Tsanangudzo yakadzama inofanira kuiswa kune rimwe nerimwe basa rehutano hwevanhu. Bhuku 6 ndiyo nguva yekusimbiswa kwemaitiro ekugadzira.

Unyanzvi hwakanaka hunodzidziswa kuchikoro mune hukama hwepedyo nedzimwe nyaya. Inoshandisa zivo, iyo inowanikwa semugumisiro wokudzidza mabhuku, mimhanzi, mutauro weRussia, nhoroondo, teknolojia, biology. Izvi zvinoita kuti zvikwanise kunzwisisa zvinorehwa zvinoreva zvidzidzo zveunyanzvi, izvo zvinokosha zvinokosha. Mukati yemabhuku akadzidzawo nyaya yakadai se "Basa revanhu vanoridza maitiro." Kuumbwa (gorosi 6) kunobvumira mudzidzi kuratidzira zivo yenyaya yacho. Vana vanoongorora zvigadzirwa zvevanhu vanoita mairi. Vanofanira kugadzira chirongwa chebasa uye kurondedzera basa rehutano hwemhando dzevanhu (chero hupi). 5-6 zvinyorwa zvechimwe nechimwe chechirongwa chichakwana.

Folk Decorative Arts neRussia

Uye Tatarstan nevamwe nharaunda Russian kwakakanganisa zvavo unyanzvi. Tatar decoration basa rakajeka uye chinoumbwa nezvinhu zvakawanda. It ine midzi kare dzechihedheni nguva - VII-VIII remakore. Mune Kazan Khanate of Volga Bulgaria uye kukura mifananidzo nomuitiro kutevera tsika Islamic. Vanorarama kuitika aiva siyana maruva uye maruva mazano. Izvi mhando muenzaniso inowanzoitwa kunooneka pacharo zvakasiyana-siyana wechiTatar art. Zvishongo shongedza nezvakarukwa, matehwe waMosesi, huni kuvesa uye ibwe, Ceramics, zvishongo, calligraphy. Zoomorphic Style kwakapararira muBulgaria chigadzirwa vanatenzi wechihedheni nguva.

The peculiarity wokuRussia decoration unyanzvi ndiko ayo vakawanda hunhu. The Russian decoration uri kazhinji anonymously. Gambs fenicha uye kwezvishongo Faberge, kunze pane mutemo. Anonymous vanatenzi akasika ounyanzvi kuti kupenda, kurukiswa, nemidziyo matoyi. Artistic kugadzirwa Russia kudada pakusikwa tsika huru muminda siyana.

The uchapupu mukuru kukura nokuchengetedza zvishongo Mazinga vokutanga inogona kuwanikwa pakati VaSitiya madzinza vaigara munharaunda Munotatamura kubva Sea Black kuSiberia. Pano, kunakisa hwakapiwa muSitiya mhuka manyorerwo. Northern Slavs, neVadzidzi vagere dzekuma Scandinavia, chishongo zvimedu zvinosanganisira dzevanhu uye mhuka miviri, izvo fancifully zvakanyatsobatana. Muna Urals Finno-Ugric marudzi akaita mazango nemifananidzo nemabheya nemhumhi, vari repuranga, ibwe kana ndarira.

kamufananidzo-painting okudhindira vakanga zvakawanda yose Russia. In Palekh of Ivanovo nharaunda yakatanga yakanaka kwazvo vakasiyana mufananidzo pamusoro vanotongwa chevarwere dzechembere nenziyo kubudikidza dema lacquer. Kubva Byzantium yekare vakauya kwatiri muzviruva art cloisonne enamel, tsika, beading, dema, wakavezwa openwork matanda uye mapfupa. Muzana XVII remakore Decorative Arts yakatanga kukura romubati kugadzirwa. It kupendwa enamel Rostov, Nizhny Novgorod rutsvuku zvirindo, blackening pamusoro sirivha Ustyug Great. Mabasa acho vemifananidzo ose decoration imwi yakashongedzwa temberi uye dzoushe.

Panguva Peter akapinda mufashoni zvinhu Western: fenicha, faience. Sezvo kuti vakashandisa XVIII remakore girazi pakutanga nevakawanda. MV Lomonosov nyanzvi unyanzvi girazi, magirazi uye waMosesi smalt. Unyanzvi ezvivako of XVIII uye pakutanga XIX remakore dzakabudirira zvirongwa decoration zvinhu zvokunyaradza kushongedzwa. Vamwe ezvivako iyoyo akatanga basa rake Decorating basa akadai Rossi uye Voronikhin. The Imperial dare uye kwamachinda Russia akapa zvakawanda mirairo private makambani kuti vakakwanisa kusvika pamusoro unyanzvi. Makambani aya vanosanganisira Kuznetsovsky zvinomera zvehari uye porcelain, porcelain fekitari Popovski.

Kudzidza chevarwere unyanzvi uye rwokugadzira inoratidza kuti popularization pamusoro pevairwara uri munzira yakanakisisa kunokanganisa vakuru nevana. Izvi anounza aesthetic kuravira, kunoita pakuonekwa pakunamata, chinokonzera kunzwa kudada nenyika uye vanhu. Pashure pezvose, zvinoshamisa mavara zvinhu zvakasikwa chevarwere vemifananidzo, vanhu uyo hunhu akapa tarenda, zvokufungidzira uye mutsa.