Anti-democratic hwoudzvinyiriri. Utongi uye anomanikidza hwoudzvinyiriri: huru zviri

Enyika hurumende yacho hurumende - ndiyo nzira kuronga hurongwa unoratidza pamaonero ezviremera uye vamiririri vanhu, magariro rusununguko uye kuti pamutemo upenyu munyika.

Vazhinji zvivako izvi zvinokonzerwa zvimwe zvetsika features, tsika uye nhoroondo mamiriro ezvinhu paumbwe hurumende. Saka, tinogona kutaura kuti chero nyika akaumba yayo inokosha uye nevamwe politrezhim. Kunyange zvakadaro, chikamu chikuru zvavo zvakafanana zvinhu zvinogona kuwanikwa munyika dzakasiyana.

Scientific mabhuku mabhuku tsanangura mhando mbiri socio-mumatare mano:

• Anti-Democratic hwoudzvinyiriri;
• democratic hwoudzvinyiriri.

Zviratidzo munhu hweruzhinji muvanhu

Huru zvinhu zviri runozivisa hweruzhinji vari:

• ukuru zvemitemo mabasa;
• simba norwonzi mhuka;
• kuvapo izvi dzezvematongerwo enyika kodzero vemo;
• kusarudzwa nemiviri;
• pamberi nokushorwa uye pluralistic mafungiro.

Zviratidzo Anti-utongi hwegutsaruzhinji

Anti-democratic chehurumende inokamukana pamusoro pevatongi uye anomanikidza hwoudzvinyiriri. Its chikuru ehupfumi:

• nokutonga sangano rimwe bato;
• ndiro rine chokwadi chete chimiro muridzi;
• kukanganisa kodzero uye rusununguko mune upenyu enyika;
• utongi uye coercive nzira simba;
• kukanganisa pamusoro pemaitiro akasarudzwa nemiviri;
• nokusimbaradza Executive simba;
• Kurambidza ariko kushorwa dzebato nemasangano;
• Kurambidza polipartiynosti uye inomysliya;
• hurumende achida batanidza kunzvimbo dzose evanhu upenyu uye ukama pakati vanhu.

Zviratidzo anomanikidza hurumende (anomanikidza) ndiwo pakuti simba iri kusimbiswa mumaoko wacho kana boka, asi kunze enyika bhora inochengeterwa hazvo mwero rusununguko. Kwakadaro munzanga uye nomutemo rusununguko chero zvazvingava regai kuramba zvinoitwa kwakadai hurumende. Features ane utongi hwechiFascist - chinosimbiswa kutarisira masimba mabhora ose oupenyu paruzhinji.

okufananidza unhu

Zvinoitwa Anti-Democratic hwoudzvinyiriri

Anomanikidza mamiriro anooneka kana simba riri kusimbiswa mumaoko kuroorwa kana boka vanhu. Kazhinji pamwe anomanikidza udzvinyiriri. Kushorwa mamiriro panguva ino hazvibviri, asi mune zvoupfumi mumunda, zvakadai tsika kana private upenyu, pachake kuzvionera uye kuramba zvimwe kungwara.

Utongi simba rinobudiswa apo munzvimbo zvose zvoupenyu paruzhinji zvinodzorwa neHurumende kuti monopolize simba (vanhu kana mapoka vanhu), apo pane kuvapo nyika imwe vose vagere munyika. Kusavapo chero inomysliya akasika rakasimba pamutemo simba, mapurisa Kushungurudzwa, kumanikidza. Kwakadaro Anti-democratic hwoudzvinyiriri kukonzera pusa unhu, inova asingatani kuteerera ose evanhu.

utongi simba

Totalitarianism - hurumende Mutongo misoro, risingaperi kupindira mune muupenyu vanhu, kusanganisira kuvapo mumaratidzirwo yavo utariri uye kudzora vatevedzere. Nyaya yokudana yakabuda mukupera maviri remakore rechi20, apo vamwe masayendisiti enyika akaedza zviparadzanise mugovanisi uye democratic nyika uye kutsvaka kunzwisisa mugovanisi mamiriro pachena.

Mamiriro Akaita utongi hwechiKomonisiti

1. kuvapo chete, hombe vakawanda vebato iri inotungamirirwa kwakakwana (mumaziso avanhu), mutungamiriri, uye kuwedzera ichi - chaiwo reunification webato uye hurumende iri STRUCTURAL zvinhu. Mune mamwe manzwi, rinogona kunzi "ehurumende yebato." Uko nechekumberi iri hierarchical manera pagere nechepakati hofisi sangano yebato, uye hurumende inzira sumo upenyu pevatongi hurongwa papuratifomu.

2. Centralization uye monopolization simba. Kureva, kana tichienzanisa zvinhu, vezvitendero normative pfungwa, zvematongerwo enyika (kuteerera uye kuvimbika kuna pevatongi bato) kuuya mberi uye kuva dzinokosha. Vakarasika kwekumaodzanyemba pakati paruzhinji uye pasiri nzvimbo hurumende iyi (nyika sechikwata). Nzira yose youpenyu vanacho pasi murau, zvisinei, pauzima (private) kana voruzhinji hunhu zvaanazvo. Zviremera dzimwe nhanho dzose kunotangira nzira muboka revatungamiriri uye akapfigwa ruzivo uye asiri mashoko enhema.

3. A chete simba chepamutemo dzematongerwe kuti kuburikidza vezvenhau, nzira yekudzidza, anoparadzirwa nzira kwakaitwa nevamwe chete kwakarurama, mafungiro yechokwadi. Pano kusimbisa haisi munhu, uye "Church" tsika (nyika, rudzi uye zvichingodaro. D.). The chezvinonhuwira vanhu pakunamata kunoratidzwa hwokunyanyisa kusawirirana uye inomysliyu "inodeystviyu", maererano nomurau "uyo asiri pamwe nesu -. Kana kutirwisa"

4. muviri uye mupfungwa Vachirayira, mamiriro mapurisa utongi chokuvapo, umo hwaro huru mitemo iri hunodzorwa zvinotevera: "anobvumirwa chete chii akarangwa nezviremera, zvimwe zvose hakubvumidzwi." Nokuti pamabasa ake vakaumba ghettos uye mumisasa yevasungwa, dzinoshandisa rakaoma, mhirizhonga vanhu, ivo kudzvinyirira yevagari rokukunda, kuparadzwa guru vanhu mhosva.

kuzvidzora nzira okudzvinyirira kwakadaro Panewo mukomiyunisiti uye yechiFascist Anti-democratic hwoudzvinyiriri.

authoritarianism

An anomanikidza Hurumende - imwe nyika yakadaro nzira youpenyu, iyo inozivikanwa nehurumende mashoko achinyorwa kuroora munhu ane rugwaro rwakanyorwa nemaoko kudzora nzira. Izvi "nzwisisa" pakati pevatongi uye democratic utongi, munhu Transitional Danho pakati pavo.

Anomanikidza ushe akanaka pedyo enyika pevatongi mitsetse management, uye kune gutsaruzhinji - zvemari, kureva, vanhu vasina enyika kodzero, takaberekwa tine kuzara Economics.

The chikuru zviri anomanikidza utongi

mhando iyi Anti-democratic ushe wehurumende ane anotevera zvinhu:

1. Ane simba guru, uye kwete pasi pesimba riri centralized mumaoko kuroorwa kana boka vanhu. Izvi zvingava mudzvanyiriri, uto junta nezvakadaro.
2. Kwaniso chaiyo matambudziko kunetseka pamusoro simba. nzira iyi haigoni kushandisa muhombe utongi zviito uye kunyange vanonakidzwa zvakakwana kuziva vakawanda vemo. Kunyange zvakadaro, hurumende haigoni kutenga kutora chero matanho pachinhu vemo kuvaita kuteerera.
3. The monopolization simba uye enyika kukwanisa kurarama, tisingabvumiri kuvapo masangano nokushorwa, sole, pasina chinhu, nomutemo zvinhu munzanga. ezvinhu akadaro asingadi kukanganisa kuvapo ane risingaperi uwandu Party masangano uye zvokutengeserana mibatanidzwa nedzimwe shamwari, asi basa ravo zvachose pasi kudzora nokudzorwa nezviremera.
4. Updating ari cadres kwevatungamiriri nokuda kuzvicheka-replenishment, pane kukwikwidzana mune pre-sarudzo nguva, kushaya pamutemo zvigadziriswe nokuti akaramba uye kuchinjwa kwesimba. Kwakadaro Anti-democratic hwoudzvinyiriri kazhinji achishandisa the vachishandisa muchiuto uye timuteerere.
5. Zviremera vaiita bedzi pakupa Kuchengeteka, kurongeka munzanga, kunyange zvazvo vari zvavanogona kuita zvinokosheswa zvoupfumi, kuti vaite chinoshingaira evanhu mutemo, pasina kuparadza maumbirwo yayo musika murau.

zvinhu zvataurwa pamusoro apa kupa chikonzero kuti vanoti anomanikidza hurumende - ". akabvumidza zvose kunze enyika" nzira hurumende pamwe chakaremara moralism

Zvimwe marudzi enyika hwoudzvinyiriri

Kana muranda gadziriro inotevera mhando hurumende:

• despotic;
• zvesangano;
• monarchical;
• revatongi;
• democratic.

The feudal Hurongwa, akavapindurawo, dziya mu:

• militarist-mapurisa;
• democratic;
• zvevafundisi-feudal;
• absolutist;
• "Chinoziva" absolutism.

Bourgeois midziyo, ukuwo, rakakamurwa:

• democratic;
• yechiFascist;
• muchiuto uye mapurisa;
• Bonapartist.

Kupatsanura enyika hwoudzvinyiriri SA Komarov

SA Komarov muoti rinokamukana simba vanhu kuti:

• muranda;
• feudal;
• Bourgeois;
• Socialist hweruzhinji.

Antidemocratic hwoudzvinyiriri dzakaparadzaniswa policies izvi pa:

• utongi;
• yechiFascist;
• autocratic.

The yokupedzisira, akavapindurawo, rakakamurwa munhu (despotism, muchivadzvinyirira, nomumwe simba muoti) uye seboka (the oligarchy uye vakakwirira).

Political hwoudzvinyiriri panguva ino Danho

Panguva ino Danho zvinonzi vaidavira kuti hweruzhinji - kupfuura yepamusoro rudzi, sezvo kusiyana chero undemocratic. Izvi handizvo zvachose. Nhoroondo uchapupu hunoratidza kuti utongi inoti (imwe chikamu) zvikuru zvinobudirira kuvapo uye kuita mabasa avo, somuenzaniso kuDemocratic People kuti Republic of Korea. Kuwedzera kune izvi, Totalitarianism zvikurukuru kukwanisa vanounganidzira rose Vagari ehurumende kuti anyorere vamwe (haidereri kukosha uye akaoma) zvinetso mamiriro.

Somuenzaniso, Soviet Union akakwanisa kukunda mune zvechiuto akavhiyiwa pamusoro Nazi Germany, kunyange zvazvo utongi Germany pakutanga remapazi nemauto yekudyidzana vakapfuura ayo masimba simba zvemukati muchiuto. Mumakore pashure pehondo, nenzira iyi socio-pamutemo wakasika nhoroondo zvoupfumi ikure USSR. Kunyange kana izvi kubudirira zvikuru mutengo. Saka, udzvinyiriri uye yakavimbika modes dzinoratidzwa sezvo zvakanaka kumativi kana asina.