Chii chinonzi dissident? The dissident kufamba muna USSR

Munguva mazuva Soviet Union hamungambozvinzwisisi yose vakawanda yakanga hurumende nokururamisira ano. Vaitsoropodza akadana vanhu vasina kutsigira zvematongerwo enyika maonero evamwe, uye hurumende yeSoviet. Vakanga zamu vavengi komiyunizimu uye havaratidzi kurapwa vose vanoita zvimwe bata. Uyewo, hurumende yeSoviet Union vaisagona kukanganwa vaitsoropodza. vaitsoropodza Soviet pachena ake enyika pfungwa maonero. Dzimwe nguva vakabatana yose masangano pachivande. Uyewo, zviremera vakatambudza vaitsoropodza nomurayiro.

"Political vaitsoropodza"

vaitsoropodza Soviet vakanga zvaisambobvumirwa. Ani naani vakavaitira, aigona kutumira kubatana kuti nyore, uye dzimwe nguva kunyange kupfura. Zvisinei, pevhu vaitsoropodza rwakatora chete kusvikira kumugumo '50s. Sezvo 1960 uye kusvikira 1980, vanhu dissident kufamba aiva zvokutora zvinobatsira pamusoro nevoruzhinji pachikuva. Shoko rokuti "dissident enyika" akanunura hurumende taisireva. Izvi hazvishamisi, sezvo vakaudza kuruzhinji maonero avo anenge pachena.

Pakati pezana remakore Kuma1960 kuti "dissident" akanga atova kuzivikanwa kushanda mugari ose, uye kwete chete USSR asiwo kwose. Vaitsoropodza zvakaparadzira mapepa, muchivande uye akazaruka tsamba makambani akawanda, mumapepanhau uye kunyange mumatare mamiriro. ivo vakaedza kure sezvinobvira, uye kutumira fliers kuzivisa kuvapo kwayo kune dzimwe nyika dzepasi.

mafungiro nehurumende kuti vaitsoropodza

Saka chii chinonzi "dissident", uye kupi kuoneka ichi izwi? It ndokupinda kushandiswa pakutanga 60th kureva Anti-hurumende masangano. Uyewo kazhinji akashandisa shoko rokuti "enyika dissident", asi pakutanga yaishandiswa dzimwe nyika. Over nguva pachavo vaitsoropodza muSoviet Union akatanga kushevedzera pachavo.

Dzimwe nguva, hurumende fielded vaitsoropodza zvikwata zvomumigwagwa chaivo, munyaya ugandanga, dzakadai rakaputika muMoscow muna 77th gore. Zvisinei, izvi handizvo zvakaitika. Kungofanana sangano, vaitsoropodza vaiva mitemo yavo, tinogona kutaura mitemo. Unogona kusarudza anokosha vavo: "Usashandisa mhirizhonga," "mbirikira chiito", "Protection kodzero dzevanhu nemhando dzerusununguko" uye "Compliance ne Mitemo".

The chikuru basa pamusoro dissident kufamba

The chikuru Chinangwa vaitsoropodza kwaiva kuzivisa vagari kuti utongi zvava usashanda uye ne mitemo vanofanira kuuya kubva kumavirira nyika. basa ravo vakaita nenzira dzakasiyana-siyana, asi kazhinji waiva bhuku mabhuku uye mapepa. Vaitsoropodza dzimwe nguva inounganidzwa mumapoka uye muenzaniso inoitwa.

Chii chinonzi "dissident" akanga nechakare Munenge pose, uye chete muSoviet Union vakanga kwaenzaniswa nemagandanga. Vari kazhinji haana kunzi vaitsoropodza, asi kungoti "Anti-Soviet" uye "Anti-yeSoviet zvinhu". Kutaura zvazviri, vaitsoropodza dzakawanda nzira pachangu, uye kazhinji aitaura vakashora tsanangudzo "dissident".

Aleksandr Isaevich Solzhenitsyn

Chimwe chezvinhu nhengo chesangano iri chaiva Aleksandr Isaevich Solzhenitsyn. The dissident akaberekwa muna 1918. Aleksandr Isaevich ari nenzanga vaitsoropodza kuti anopfuura rimwe gumi. Aiva mumwe kupfuura Vocal vavengi muSoviet ino uye simba neSoviet. Tinogona kutaura, Solzhenitsyn aiva mumwe vaikurudzira ari dissident kufamba.

mhedziso dissident

Panguva Second World War, akaenda mberi uye kwaitsigirwa kusvika pachinzvimbo chevatatu mukuru. Zvisinei, haana kufarira vazhinji zviito Stalin. Kunyange munguva yehondo, akatungamirira kukurukura neshamwari, iyo nehasha vakatsoropodza Iosifa Vissarionovicha. Ita uri dissident mu magwaro kudare mapepa umo akaenzanisa hurumende Stalin nomwoyo serfdom. Maererano gwaro vashandi vanofarira "Smersh". Pashure kuongorora uku kwakatanga somugumisiro iyo Solzhenitsyn kwakazosungirwa. Akanga kunyimwa yakaputeni chinzvimbo, uye mukupera 1945 akatongerwa.

Pakupedzisira, Aleksandr Isaevich yakapedza anenge 8 makore. Muna 1953, akasunungurwa. Zvisinei, kunyange pashure mhedziso akanga asina kuchinja maonero ake uye mafungiro kuti hurumende yeSoviet. Ungangove, chete Solzhenitsyn akanga nechokwadi kuti vaitsoropodza muSoviet Union, vanhu vanoomerwa.

Yezve kodzero kuti bhuku pamutemo

Aleksandr Isaevich akabudisa nyaya dzakawanda uye anoshanda pane hurumende yeSoviet. Zvisinei, nokuuya kwakaita Brezhnev, akanga kunyimwa kodzero dzepamutemo bhuku zvinyorwa zvayo. Gare gare, KGB akatora Solzhenitsyn zvose ake magwaro, yaiva Anti-Soviet nepasipo, asi kunyange pashure kuti Solzhenitsyn akanga asiri kuenda kurega mabasa avo. Chakazozivikanwa kuitika munzanga kufamba, uyewo zvesimba. Aleksandr Isaevich akanga achiedza kuudza vose kuti "dissident". Maererano zviitiko izvi, hurumende yeSoviet akatanga kunzwisisa Solzhenitsyn somunhu muvengi chakakura ehurumende.

Pashure mabhuku Alexander asunungurwa muUnited States pasina mvumo yake, akanga adzingwa Soviet Writers 'Society. Solzhenitsyn pamusoro chaiyo mashoko hondo muSoviet Union akanga abudiswa. Anti-Soviet kufamba muna USSR zvakawanda masimba havadi. Saka, nepakati kwema1970 pamusoro zano reCentral Committee of CPSU akanga zvavakatemerwa mubvunzo basa Solzhenitsyn vake. Pakazopera reCongress, kwakasarudzwa kuti vandomusunga. Zvadaro, February 12 1974 gore Solzhenitsyn akasungwa kunyimwa ake mugari Soviet, uye gare gare akanga adzingwa USSR muGermany. KGB vakuru pachake akamubata nendege. Mazuva maviri gare gare, chirevo wakabudiswa kuti kutorerwa uye kuparadzwa magwaro ose, nyaya uye chero mabhuku Anti-Soviet. All dzomunyika mabasa Soviet Union zvino makanzwirwa semhosva "chakavanzika."