Agriculture: kurima indasitiri. Matavi Agriculture kweRussia

Agriculture muri rinokosha mhando yebasa zvainanga kurima, kubudiswa uye kugadzira, uyewo pakupa chokuita mabasa. mainyanya ayo zvipfuwo uye zvirimwa kugadzirwa. On sei yakatanga iri kurima sezvo bazi kugadzirwa imwe nyika zvinoenderana zvakanakira vanhu vayo.

Mamirire zviri chirimwa kurimwa muRussia

Land munyika yedu kwazvo uye, zvingaita sokuti, ose prerequisites nekuda pakukura nzvimbo iyi kurima ikoko. Sezvineiwo, Russia ndiyo inoona nezvenjodzi nenzira kuti okunze uye siyana dzinongoitika zvinhu pangave panyaya iyi chaizvo zvakakomba kutadzisa. Chirimwa sezvo bazi zvokurima munyika yedu vaizotibata chaizvo mirayiridzo, asi chete pasi kushandisa michina mitsva uye kuremekedza zvakasikwa.

35 chete% nyika Russian riri mune okunze, akanaka yakakodzera kurima zvirimwa zvakadai rye, gorosi, oats, Buckwheat uye zvichingodaro. D. The huru nzvimbo kweArctic Circle zvachose kukodzera kuti zvirimwa kugadzirwa. Uyezve, nzvimbo huru munyika yedu Zvinotora taiga, apo kurima ivhu - a muitiro iyo kunewo chokuita zvakawanda nezvinetso.

Chirimwa sezvo davi zvokurima: huru mirayiridzo

Panguva ino, zvikuru nzvimbo hwokurima Russia anosanganisira:

• Grain kurima. kutungamirira Izvi zvinokosha kuti vanhu chero nyika nenyika, kusanganisira nyika yedu. Chingwa rinogona aionekwa huru yemudzimu kwevanhu kudya kunovaka. The chinokosha chikafu mhuka purazi vari yaigadzirwa zvirimwa.
• Uswa. Saka akadana maitiro zviyero siyana zvainanga pagadzirwe, kukohwa uye kubudiswa Feeds mhuka. Panyaya iyi, nyika inoshandiswa kurima kunyanya wemarudzi, midzi, tubers, manwiwa uye zvakafanana. N.
• Kurimwa maindasitiri zvirimwa. Izvi zvinosanganisira donje, neshinda sunflower, shuga bhiti, fodya uye zvichingodaro. D.
• Muriwo uye mbatatisi.
• Viticulture uye horticulture.

Geography chirimwa muRussia

Saka, chikuru bazi specialization zvokurima munyika yedu - ruminant uye kurima. Nepariri, Russia iri mu okunze zvikamu zvinoverengeka. In zvirimwa kugadzirwa, uye zvikurukuru munhu siyana nziyo farmed zvirimwa ichi chikonzero kunechekuita achinyanya.

Saka, gorosi, vachirayira kuti chafariz hwechiFascist, vaifarira muviri loamy ivhu zvakakwana kwemvura nemishonga zvirimwa vari kukura kunyanya inowanzorimwa uye dondo munzvimbo. Nzvimbo kukura zvishoma fastidious rye ane vakwanise miganhu. Bhari mune zvinenge zvokurima munzvimbo dzose nyika - nechando kuchamhembe kunzvimbo kune dzisinganayi kumaodzanyemba.

Mhando dzakasiyana-siyana maindasitiri zvirimwa Zvinowanzoitikawo munzvimbo dzakasiyana. Sunflower Somuenzaniso, inokura zvakanaka rakaoma munharaunda. Chinhu bedzi - kuti tsika iyi zvirimwa zvakanaka zvinofanira kudyarwa chete pamusoro kumbonyanya rakaorera nevhu. Kura nemaringazuva panguva vakawanda inowanzorimwa uye masango-inowanzorimwa kumatunhu ari European kwenyika. Shuga beets nekusiyana, zviri yakawandirwa kwazvo mwando ezvinhu. Saka, pakaramba kunyanya chete nechepakati uye vokumadokero kumatunhu mudondo inowanzorimwa wongoramba.

Muriwo zvinosanganisira vakawanda netsika, kwakakonzerwa dzakasiyana marudzi. Saka, zvinoita kunokudziridzwa zvakanaka zvinenge zvose munzvimbo zvokurima weRussia. Rakajairika rakazaruka-kurima zvirimwa zvinosanganisira makabheji, madomasi, nhanga, hanyanisi, beets uye makarotsi. Vari akura ari commercial pamwero kakawanda munzvimbo pane kuwana mvura - pamhenderekedzo munyanza, nzizi uye reservoirs. The Nzvimbo pakukura Horticulture achiumbwa dzapasi kunosvika of Volga uye Don uye North eCaucasus.

Gardening - uyewo rinokosha nhungamiro muzvinhu zvakadai kurima. The sectors zvokurima, chokuita kurima michero uye bheri zvirimwa, uyewo ane kupararira kukuru Russia, kunyanya European chikamu (the Volga nharaunda, Krasnodar nharaunda). Mukuru siyana zvirimwa Michero kuchengetwa muna North eCaucasus. A yakawanda mapindu vari akaberekwa muna Bashkiria uye Altai.

Mamirire zviri zvipfuwo

The indasitiri nderwedu nyika yedu iri zvinovimbisa. Zvakakwana kuyeuka kuti zvakanga mumwe akazoteverwa kutanga rokupedzisira dambudziko remakore. Zvinoitwa zvokurima nemauto muna iyi yaizova kukwana pasina pfupi karwendo kupinda kare. MuSoviet Union, mhuka minda, uye zvikurukuru mombe, zvakanzi dzakabudirira kwazvo. Zvisinei, upfumi dambudziko makore akava pamusoro nzvimbo iyi kupfuura inokanganisa. Chete kubva muna 1991 kusvika 2005, uwandu mombe akawa 54,7 matani mamiriyoni 21.4 kuti. Maererano migumisiro chete muna 2005, nezvipfuwo kurimwa munyika yedu kwainzi maturo. Naizvozvo, paiva kuwedzera kupinzwa zvibereko izvi.

Zvisinei, saka kusvikira zvokurima zvekutepfenyura hwenyika (kusanganisira zvipfuwo) munyika yedu zvinogona kuonekwa kana zvisingabatsiri. Kusvika pamwero uyu imhaka chitange private mapurazi.

Key maindasitiri

Saka chii vari mukuru mirayiridzo dzinotaurwa iyi kurima? Agricultural vaburitsi zvipfuyo zvinotevera:

• Mombe rutoto. Rutoto mombe, pamwe kurima ezviyo chikuru muupenyu kuva / V kugadzirwa.
• Porcine. Ndiwo davi kukosha wechipiri. Zvichireva kuri nyore kuona. mirayiridzo iyi Classified kupinda nyama, bhekoni uye polusalnoe.
• Mbudzi nemakwai maberekero. Yainyanya kushandiswa mashoko vakawana nenzira iri inowanzorimwa munyika dzine, uyewo mune makomo.
• Equina. Bazi iri chakagadzirirwa national zvoupfumi purebred ruminant mhuka, mitambo uye zvibereko.
• Camel. mirayiridzo iyi akagamuchira widest kukura mune dzisinganayi uye inonaya mvura shomanana kumatunhu Russia. Uyewo, mhuka idzi yakakwirira kwazvo yepamusoro shinda uye mukaka.
• Reindeer minda. indasitiri uyu specialization nzvimbo riri achinaya mvura (Magadan, Archangelsk uye t. D.).
• Yehuku. Chimwe bazi anokosha mhuka minda.
• Farming. Chinangwa chikuru chemusha nzvimbo iyi kuitira kuti National upfumi namatehwe zviduku mhuka inobereka mbava-.
• Beekeeping. The indasitiri ndiye anokonzera pagadzirwe zvinoverengeka zvinokosha zvigadzirwa - uchi, wakisi, youmambo mondo, nyuchi uturu, etc ...

Industries uye kurima kunoenderana mumwe zvakananga. Panyaya iyi, Chokwadi, kusanganisira zvipfuwo. Pasina tsime kunyatsobudirira nguruve uye mombe maberekero Somuenzaniso, ungangova usina kunyanya zvinobatsira chikafu indasitiri. Kana mamiriro musingadi kuteerera maindasitiri zvakadai kurima uye makwai maberekero, vanhu yeRussia achasara pasina pachavo nguo dzavo inodziya.

Jogirafi zvipfuwo muRussia

Placement uye kutungamirirwa specialization takatsunga kunyanya nokuvapo zvokudya nokuda imwe boka remhuka. Kureva, sezvo bazi zvipfuwo kurima, kunyange isingasviki zvirimwa, papi, asiwo runotsamira dzinongoitika uye okunze zvinhu pamusoro.

Ndichibvunza dheri mombe kukura nyika yedu vatowanda iri European chikamu - chokumusoro kunosvika of Volga uye Dnieper. Izvi ainyanya Moscow uye Yaroslavl kumatunhu. NaMatthew ndizvo kuti kumaodzanyemba munharaunda St. Petersburg. Vaita mombe ruminant uye mune dzimwe dziri European kwenyika, uyewo kumaodzanyemba kumatunhu kweSiberia, ari Urals. Zvisinei, muchiitiko ichi tiri kutaura zvikurukuru pamusoro nyama uye dheri mombe maberekero mirayiridzo. Chakapararira kuchamhembe uye - munzvimbo zhinji kweSiberia, asi muzvinhu izvi zviri dzakawanda rakakura hunhu. Mugore polar Munzvimbo kunokudziridzwa nokupfuwa nevakawanda. mombe Most vari akaberekwa ari Urals, Volga uye Central nharaunda, uyewo muna North eCaucasus.

Very kwakapararira kurimwa yemombe munyika yedu akagashira muna Volga nharaunda, North Caucasus, ivo Urals uye East kuSiberia. Ovchinnoshubnoe zvakanaka kunyatsobudirira kugadzirwa uye nechepakati dziri European chikamu Russia. Pig, Munenge munyika yose. To muduku pamwero, ichi ndicho kutungamirirwa kukura kuFar East.

Une kukanganisa kurima kukura

Kuwedzera kune okunze uye okunze kuti kukura zvipfuwo uye chirimwa kugadzirwa chero mamiriro anogona kuchinjwa zvinhu zvinotevera:

• The dhigirii rutsigiro kubva mamiriro. The mari hamuzonzwikizve paakapiwa mune michina itsva, kuitira kuti mari yakawanda kupfuura kurima. Agricultural vaburitsi chero mirayiridzo kuvimba nhamba anopa kwazvo. Mari idzi kunyanya kuenda pave itsva kugadzirwa, kutenga zvokushandisa, kugadzira michina mitsva.
• Matanho kudzorera inonyadzisa kunyika munzvimbo ndichibvunza zvirimwa kugadzirwa. Country kukwikwidzana nevamwe marudzi ari munyika yose zvokurima pamusika mundima yayo ichava sechinhu zvikuru nyika inobereka napo.
• Chimwe chinokosha zvikuru kukura upfumi munyika zvakananga ezvinhu ari pamusika ndiro pamberi utano Kukwikwidzana kunoita. The chikuru matavi zvokurima iyi havasi voga.
• Mamiriro zvesainzi. The zvakawanda zvakagadzirwa huchitangwa, zvikuru kunobatsira zvipfuwo uye zvirimwa kugadzirwa. Scientific mberi - iyi ndiyo imwe huru zvinhu kuderedza chikafu mari.

Nature Management matambudziko

matavi All hwokurima Russia, kuwedzera kune apa zvikonzero, muri zvakananga novimba dzezvakatipoteredza ezvinhu. Zvinosuruvarisa munyika yedu, dzinodya dzimwe dzinosiya mafungiro nepfuma zvakasikwa uye kusagona zvakakonzera chinokosha Kushatiswa ezvinhu panyaya iyi.

Iri inowanzorimwa uye masango inowanzorimwa munyika dzine pamusoro zvipenyu nezvakazvipoteredza mwero iri kukanganiswa zvikuru kunyanya nokuda mhepo uye mvura nemvura. Zvichakadai, zvakaitika pakusika nharaunda kunge kwezvakatipoteredza kuenderera rakaumbwa mukupera kwezana remakore rechi19 V. V. Dokuchaevym muna Voronezh mudunhu iri turakiti ibwe inowanzorimwa. Zvino hoyu Agricultural Research Institute. Zvakaitika izvi zvinofanira zvachose kushandisa nhasi.

Kutyora zvipenyu nezvakazvipoteredza takatsiga mune vachiwaridza musango uye lesotaezhnoy dzine kazhinji chokuita zvikasabudiswa pamusoro marshes uye kudzorwa kwemiti.

Sezvo zvinetso zvemhoteredzo muRussia ano zvinogona kugadziriswa

Sezvineiwo, mamiriro ezvinhu kuitika munyika yedu mune hurongwa ichi hunotanga zvachinja. Chinonyanya kukosha basa iri vachangobva akasimbisa sayenzi - kwezvakatipoteredza dzezvoupfumi - harisi chete Environmental tinyatsonzwisisa muchiedza mukana kushandiswa kwayo, asi kufungidzira kwezvinhu zvipenyu nezvakazvipoteredza gadziriro, unoedza kufanotaura nezveramangwana uye kukwanisa kudzora nhasi. Zvechokwadi, akadaro usvike huru bazi hwokurima achava zvinopfuura kubatsira.

The chikuru nzira greening hwemazuva munyika kushandisa panguva vari kuchengetedzwa chaivo zvipenyu uye pakusika dzinongoitika Organic fetiraiza kwakavakirwa notumwe, mabhakitiriya uye algae. Science rezvematambudziko zvipenyu manyowa - iri mangwana kurima.

Recent kuitika munzvimbo iyi vari rakatangwa muna sectors zvose zvokurima muRussia nhasi. Somuenzaniso, muna Krasnodar nharaunda akashandisa bezgerbitsidnye mupunga uye chibage rwokugadzira. Mune dzimwe mapurazi ari Omsk mudunhu renunciation pakati kushandiswa kwemishonga yezvipembenene uye kushandisa michina itsva dzokurima zvakakonzera kuwedzera yauinayo.

Pakati nzira itsva zvinosanganisira Somuenzaniso:

• Kuchadonha kudiridza, kushandisa kwete bedzi mapurazi makuru, asi varidzi mazhinji mapindu.
• Moldboard kurima.
• Natural zvoutachiona pamwaka zvirimwa kutenderera.

Nokuti kuronga vakamirira Kuzadziswa munguva yemberi iri pedyo, zvinogona kunzi Kuturwa zvakatipoteredza zvichiongororwa Integrated uye nzwisisika. Anonyatsotarira ayo pakupindura mabasa evanhu uye kutora matanho akakodzera munguva yakanaka. Chokwadi, ichi vachava pesvedzero inobatsira kurima. The sectors zvokurima - mhuka minda uye chirimwa kugadzirwa - kuva zvinobatsira uye mune zvebhizimisi chine musoro.

Agriculture Germany

Unoponesa zvipfuwo uye chirimwa kugadzirwa mu Russia, Chokwadi, unofanira kuteerera zvakaitika idzo apo nemauto Data kunokudziridzwa kwazvo. Muenzaniso zvinowanzotaurwa Germany. Panguva ino, kukura zvokurima munyika ino akabhadharira yakawanda achiteerera. The profitability pezvivako zvayo zvose pamwero mukuru kuchinjwa kupfuura vakakwana uye zvakanaka pfungwa sangano, uyewo kufunga uye nokungwarira kushandisa zviwanikwa.

Nechepakati kumatunhu Germany uye kumaodzanyemba kwenyika vari mubasa zvokurima kugadzirwa kunyanya varidzi mapurazi maduku. Izvi anova zvinokonzera makwikwi utano, ane simba anotikurudzira okusuma nzira itsva. Mapazi German Agriculture - zvipfuwo uye chirimwa kugadzirwa - kuuya nyika yakakura purofiti.

Kana isu munyika mabasa akawanda uye kukura michina chitsva mhuka minda uye kurima achaita zvikuru kuvimba zvakakwana zvemitemo hwaro mune ramangwana. Akangwara upfumi utariri uye kuchengetedza zviwanikwa kunofanira kuva panzvimbo yokutanga pamusoro mamiriro. Zvichida munguva yemberi nemamiriro nemauto hwokurima muRussia ichafanana munhu German. Zvisinei, panguva iyoyo unorema zvokudya munyika yedu kubereka chaizvo guru ane / s dzesangano.